This thesis describes new methods for automatic crack detection in pavements. Cracks in pavements can be used as an early indication for the need of reparation.Automatic crack detection is preferable compared to manual inventory; the repeatability can be better, the inventory can be done at a higher speed and can be done without interruption of the traffic.The automatic and semi-automatic crack detection systems that exist today use Image Analysis methods. There are today powerful methods available in the area of Computer Vision. These methods work in higher dimensions with greater complexity and generate measures of local signal properties, while Image Analyses methods for crack detection use morphological operations on binary images.Methods for digitalizing video data on VHS-cassettes and stitching images from nearby frames have been developed.Four methods for crack detection have been evaluated, and two of them have been used to form a crack detection and classification program implemented in the calculation program Matlab.One image set was used during the implementation and another image set was used for validation. The crack detection system did perform correct detection on 99.2 percent when analysing the images which were used during implementation.

Problems arise when the number of products in stock does not correspond with the number of products the information system says the company has in stock. (Sharda & Agrawal, 2012) In order to change that, major changes has to be made when it comes to making continuous improvements and to raise their standards regarding product availability and record inaccuracy (Wild, 2004).The purpose of this study is therefore designed to identify factors affecting the balance differences and what impact it has on the efficiency of material flow. The demarcation of the work is that Atlas Copco has begun working with Lean and it will not be investigated nor the relationship between balance differences and Lean. The study was based on answering the following questions: What influencing factors can be identified for balance differences? What factors are relevant to the efficiency of material flow? What kind of impact the balance differences has on these factors?In order to answer the purpose and issues, a theoretical framework has been developed with help of literature studies and an analytical model.

This bachelor thesis covers fire protection methods of structural steel and the aim is to develop an information tool designed for inexperienced structural engineers. The information tool covers basic fire protection methods and the general way to produce a fire resistance for structural steel. The layout of this information tool is a simple folder that contains information about the most important steps when producing fire protection for a steel structure.The thesis starts with a general overview of the fire protection needed in buildings to fulfill national legislative and regulatory requirements. To get an understanding of how steel components behave during the influence of fire, a brief overview is presented of the material properties of steel. This chapter also contains a review of previous research in the area.

Steel is an excellent material to build with, but consideration must be given to the fact that unprotected steel corrodes, rusts, therefore, as a rule, the steel must be protected in some way. This can be done by reducing the tendency of the steel to corrode by using stainless steel or by treating the steel with a protection method. The two most common methods of protection are corrosion protection paint and zinc coating. To determine the method, the corrosive category must first be evaluated and this is done in accordance to EN ISO 12944-2:1998.Stainless steel is available in many varieties but only some of them have properties that make them suitable for use as construction steels. There are many factors to be considered in the design of stainless steel to prevent corrosion from occurring.

The aim of this essay is to examine three separate Swedish public libraries and their respective websites on the grounds of the usability sciences. I firstly had to summarize the main properties of the usability-field in order to gain an extended knowledge of its purposes and possible usage for today?s library systems. I was then able to apply the extended knowledge in the examination of the three library websites and the purpose of determining whether or not they were designed according to the standards set by the usability-sciences.Usability is a rather new science that deals with the dissection and examination of computer-based systems, in order to find the key components that make systems user-friendlier. With user needs being the main focus of its research, usability tries to meet all the different needs of the modern user and construct systems that are less system-centered and more user-centered.

Generally prosody is described as the rhythmic, dynamic and melodic features of language. Prosody is further often described as suprasegmental, since its properties go beyond vowels and consonants, which are segmental characteristics of language. A relationship between prosody and music has been noticed and described for several decades. At present, there are several studies proving relationship between prosodic and musical abilities. The aim of the present study was to construct a test for prosodic non-linguistic perception and production regarding intonation and rhythm. The test was tried out on 16 children with typical language development aged 4;6-7;6 years. Before testing of ITAP each participant were asked about musical experience.

The purpose of this study was to examine how small-scale private forest ownersmake decisions regarding pre-commercial thinning. In 2015 it is ten years agosince the storm Gudrun hit the southern parts of Sweden and now large areas arein need of pre-commercial thinning. This study is built upon qualitativeinterviews with seven small-scale private forest owners with forest properties inthe county Kronoberg. The respondents were chosen by the modelSKOGSÄGARPROFILENTM (forest owner profile).The results of the interviews showed that five categories: ownership, the stormGudrun´s impact, silviculture, forestry contacts and driving force was important.How will their purpose and aim affect the pre-commercial thinning? Personalinterests, and expectations of the next generation to take over, are purposes thisstudy has found.

To be able to evaluate different radio waveforms in a laboratory environment FOI in Linköping has developed an experimental system for radio communication called Rasmus. The system consists of a transmitter, a channel emulator and a receiver. The transmitter modulates a digital signal to a desired analogue waveform. The channel emulator is used to simulate a real radio channel. The channel emulator distorts the signal by splitting it up in several propagation paths.

In the Real Estate market there are a large number of commercial properties with offices. As acompany or business you are faced with many decisions when choosing your office space.This bachelor thesis examines the concept of architectural quality with focus on beauty and itsvalue for office tenants. The ambition is to find out if beauty is a decisive factor in theselection of office and if there is a willingness to pay for it.The selected question is studied in a case study of Garnisonen where tenants, a propertyowner and an architect are interviewed, all with connection to the examination object.Garnisonen is well suited as a case study because it is Stockholm's largest office complexwith buildings from three different architectural eras. Tenants in the survey represent allarchitectural styles and have different industry affiliation.As a theoretical framework a literature study is presented where the importance of beauty forthe individual, the built environment and society are treated, and also how the office can beused for branding purposes. The interviewees? views of beauty and their opinions on beauty atwork in Garnisonen are presented in the results.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, where joints are attacked by the own immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and destruction of bone and cartilage. Inflammation is a complex process, controlled by many different substances. One of them is adenosine, which has anti-inflammatory properties. In this project, three polymorphisms in different genes, involved in synthesis and signaling of adenosine, were genotyped for 188 patients with RA and 362 controls without RA. The results shows that for the polymorphism in A2a, a gene coding for an adenosine receptor, there was no significant difference in genotype distribution between the groups.

Förlossningsvårdens processer har vanligen utvärderats med jämförelsetal samt statistik över bakgrundsfaktorer och interventioner. Utvärderingarna har använts som argument för att likna vården vid normal förlossning med den som krävs vid komplicerade förhållanden. WHO (1996) rekommenderade och kategoriserade vård vid normal förlossning. Ett instrument fanns utvecklat som använts i ett kvalitetsutvecklingsarbete för att kartlägga förlossningsvård i förhållande till WHO: s rekommendationer. Studiens syfte var att kartlägga barnmorskors dokumenterade vård enligt WHO: s rekommendationer om vård vid normal förlossning tre år efter föregående kartläggning.

Förlossningsvårdens processer har vanligen utvärderats med jämförelsetal samt statistik över bakgrundsfaktorer och interventioner. Utvärderingarna har använts som argument för att likna vården vid normal förlossning med den som krävs vid komplicerade förhållanden. WHO (1996) rekommenderade och kategoriserade vård vid normal förlossning. Ett instrument fanns utvecklat som använts i ett kvalitetsutvecklingsarbete för att kartlägga förlossningsvård i förhållande till WHO: s rekommendationer. Studiens syfte var att kartlägga barnmorskors dokumenterade vård enligt WHO: s rekommendationer om vård vid normal förlossning tre år efter föregående kartläggning.

The residential and service sector in Sweden accounts for approximately 38% of the total energy usage and Sweden has an aim to reduce the total energy use by 20% by 2020 compared to 2008, which means residential sector will have to improve energy efficiency. As part of that a law was instituted by the Swedish parliament that all properties must have an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) to thereby give the property owners a greater insight into energy use in their buildings and propose recommendations for energy-efficiency measures. On the EPC, a value on the building's energy performance in terms of energy use in kWh / m2 per year is declared, of which electricity is a share of it. Instructions on what to include in the amount facility electricity for running the facilities is regulated by the authority for building, Boverket while SVEBY has made an interpretation of the regulations in their report "Brukarindata bostäder" where they have a table on what should be included in the amount and what not to include.This report is a study of two similar apartment buildings, where one of the buildings recently underwent renovation, to see if the declared amount of energy for electricity, in the EPC, is consistent with the measured value, and whether there has been any reduction in facility electricity in the renovated building after the renovation.The result shows that the measured value of the building electricity was 2.6 kWh / m2 per year, 28,8 %, lower than the declared value in the building that have not undergone a renovation. Calculation of values from previous years (2011) by the same percentage of facility electricity as in the results of the measurements, 56.7%, it becomes clear that the declared value for facility electricity in the EPC of the renovated building do not correspond with reality and that there has been an increase in use of facility electricity after the renovation..

Dooria Sweden AB is one of the main door- and doorframe manufacturers inSweden. They deliver door frames for indoor use for project oriented buildingsites, for these types of building sites the doorpost comes pre-assembled. DooriaAB wants to minimize transport to reduce impact on environment and thetransportation costs of pre-assembled doorframes, this thru simplifying themethod of assembly.The main purpose of this thesis has been to develop a prototype solution thatbrings the three parts of the doorframe together with the same properties regardingstability and tightness of joints as the current method of assembly. A profile ofdemands and wishes were created in collaboration with Mårten Dragstedt, DeputyDirector of Dooria Sverige ABBy following the chosen method the authors have been able to produce a fullyfunctional prototype that meet the demands that were put on the product. Catia V5R20 has been used as an aid during prototype construction and virtual tests.

Properties are bought and sold daily, which means that it is of great importance with rules that regulate the acquisition. The rules on who should be held liable for a property brought to a head when the acquisition relates to a property that is loaded with contaminated soil. The purpose with this thesis is to investigate who could be held liable for contaminated land and also whether an exclusion clause can affect the separation of responsibilities. Two different liabilities can occur depending on which law that should be applicable, MB or JB.MB's rules apply to anyone who may be subject to decontamination responsibilities, which is regulated in Chapter 10. MB.