BackgroundPeople with psychiatric problems, despite efforts in recent decades still experience vulnerability. Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), where self-harm is common, often live in difficult and complex social relationships because of their illness. Additional knowledge and studies about mental illness, self-harm, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and the therapeutic alliance are needed.Purpose and MethodThis study aims to examine how staff perceive and describe: DBT as a treatment method; the therapeutic alliance and the importance it has for treatment. The study utilises a qualitative approach with a qualitative content analysis method and presents earlier research on DBT and the therapeutic alliance. The empirical material consists of focus group interviews comprising three DBT - teams.

The aim of the study was to investigate peer interaction among toddlers 12 to 30 months of age and the teachers? ways to direct the children?s play in outdoor free play situations in a Swedish preschool. Data was gathered through direct observation, and the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty in combination with the assumption of children as social actors built the theoretical framework of the study. The results showed that the toddlers used different strategies to invite peers to interaction and made use of strategies in entering ongoing play that previously have been observed among older preschoolers. These strategies, bodily and therefore in accordance with the phenomenological approach, support the assumption of toddlers as social actors that actively engage in and make sense of their life worlds in the preschool.

Introduktion: Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en kronisk, progressiv sjukdom som bl.a. drabbar rörelsemönstret och leder till sociala, psykiska och fysiska problem för både den drabbade och dennes familj. Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete var att belysa patientens och dess närståendes upplevelse av att leva med Parkinsons sjukdom till livets slut. Metod: Artiklarna söktes via PubMed och Cinahl, vilka bearbetades utifrån syftet. 16 st artiklar kvalitetsbedömdes och sammanställdes till ett resultat.

Background: Examinations with the intent to assess neurological functions and level of conciousness are common in neurocritical care, but the effect on the patient is not entirely researched.Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the patient?s situation at the neurological wake-up test concerning the environment, nursing interventions and the possibility given the patient to become awake, and if these conditions affect the outcome of the wake-up test.Methods: A quantitative observational study took place at a neurocritical care unit, where 20 patients were observed from interruption of sedation to the neurological assessment, which was performed by a neurosurgeon or a specialized critical care registered nurse. Nursing interventions, environmental factors and physiological parameters were documented.Result: Twelve intervention varieties to control patients? physiological parameters were used. CPP > 80 mmHg was found in 90 % of observations.

Background: Throughout life, sexuality is a central aspect of being human and to experience a full and healthy. Several diseases and treatments can cause problems related to sexuality and sexual health. Despite this, research has shown that nurses, for various reasons choose not to take up the subject with their patients. Aim: The aim of this literature-based study was to illuminate nurses' experiences of talking with patients about sexuality and sexual health. Method: A literature-based study where both qualitative and quantitative studies, have been used.

The question of euthanasia has kept pre-occupying and agitating the minds of thinkers, sweeping the globe, pummelling pedagogy, assailing assumptions, and bludgeoning biases. Both the moralist, ethicist, theologian, psychologist, educationist, anthropologist, politician, physician, patient as well as the common man in the street are interested in it. This pervading interest simply arises out of the fact that euthanasia involves the question of life, and life is something that is a common denominator to all men.The controversy hinges on the fact that, there are divergent views on the moral question of euthanasia. While some would unflinchingly opt for euthanasia others would prefer to oppose it to the best of their strength, yet others will remain agnostic about it. But the issue here remains: is euthanasia in any way morally justified? Has human life an intrinsic value? Or is human life valuable only when it is healthy? Are we the ones who decide when to die? Has the physician any right to either assist or terminate the life of the patient simply on account of suffering? Has the patient any right to end his/her life? Are there some conditions in which euthanasia could be allowed? Is suffering meaningless?The topic of my project is: THE MORALITY OF EUTHANASIA IN THE LIGHT OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH?S TEACHING.

Syftet: Syftet var att belysa hur patienter med cancer upplevde livskvalitet i den palliativa vården. Bakgrund: I Sverige dör cirka 20 000 personer av cancer årligen. Den palliativa vården inkluderar vård av alla patienter vid livets slut, där syftet är att tillgodose patientens fysiska, psykiska och existentiella behov för att upprätthålla hög livskvalitet. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie ur ett patientperspektiv genomfördes ikombination med en induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien visade att patienterna upplevde att fysiska och psykiska symtom påverkade deras livskvalitet i den palliativa vården.

Smärta är något subjektivt och det är bara patienten som kan säga hur ont han har. Smärtskattning ger sjuksköterskan en uppfattning om patientens upplevda smärta. Sjuksköterskor kommer ofta i kontakt med patienter med smärta, därav vikten av att kunna skatta smärta hos en patient på ett adekvat sätt. Olika smärtskattningsinstrument har tagits fram och är ett hjälpmedel till sjuksköterskan vid smärtskattning. Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad kunskap och insikt i smärtskattningen ur en sjuksköterskas perspektiv.

Bakgrund: Kommunikation med patienter som vårdas med respirator är en stor del av omvårdnaden för intensivvårdssjuksköterskan. Otillräcklig kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient kan leda till otrygghet och stress hos patienten. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva hur intensivvårdssjuksköterskor kommunicerar med patienter som vårdas med respirator, vilka möjligheter och hinder som finns samt om sjuksköterskans erfarenhet har betydelse.Metod: En kvantitativ ansats valdes och data till pilotstudien insamlades med hjälp av en enkät. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna i studien ansåg inte att det är svårt att kommunicera med patienter som vårdas med respirator. Större delen av sjuksköterskorna använde sig av kroppsspråk, ögonkontakt och beröring som kommunikationsmetoder.

Bakgrund: Varje år drabbas nästan var tionde patient av skador under vårdtiden, skador som hade kunnat undvikas. Detta leder till ett onödigt lidande för dessa patienter och deras närstående. Vårdskadorna beräknas enligt Socialstyrelsen (2008) kosta samhället sex miljarder kronor per år. Operationssjuksköterskor liksom all vårdpersonal har skyldighet att avvikelserapportera händelser som kunnat leda till eller lett till vårdskada. Syftet med att rapportera avvikelser är att dra lärdom och att med riskförebyggande insatser förhindra att händelserna uppstår igen.

INTRODUCTION: Research from both nurse and patient perspective highlights shortcomings in psychiatric inpatient care for people with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Nursing for people with NSSI, a subject in need for further knowledge, is in this study examined through a theoretical framework based on Person-Centered Nursing and Patientology AIM: Based on people's own experiences of being cared for NSSI in psychiatric inpatient care, the aim is to elucidate development opportunities for the nursing care of this group of patients.METHOD: Seven informants, all women aged 25-31, were interviewed about their experiences of nursing in psychiatric inpatient care. The transcribed text was analyzed and categorized according to an existential hermeneutic research approach.RESULTS: The categorization of the interviews resulted in seven areas of nursing in need of development. Knowledge, Environment, Information, Routines, Involvement, Communication and The nurse?s actions.CONCLUSION: Development of nursing is prevented since NSSI is stigmatized within psychiatric inpatient care.

My aim with the experience-based essay is that I want to explore the implications of mathematics on children's development. I also want to examine my approach in relation to the various mathematical tasks. Why do we think that mathematics is important for pre-school children? What does the research say about how the teacher is thinking about mathematics? Can the teacher combine playing and learning and create meaningful moments and activities related to mathematics? I also want to explore our policies and the objectives that the teacher should relate to. What is required of me as a teacher in order to meet those goals?My essay is about mine and my boss?s view of the mathematical tasks that I usually perform in the preschool.

Background One of the main demands on Swedish and global health care in general is to meet the patient?s need for safety. By general health care law this also comprises district nurses? field of responsibility. Although there are numerous studies describing the concept of safety and its different shapes, no research could be found exploring how safety is, or supposed to be, mediated by district nurses? in a Swedish context.

Telephone counselling has been around for more than forty years and remains a widely accepted communication support, both in the primary care and the outpa-tient departments of our hospitals. In many cases, this form of communication might be the only way in which the patient will have contact with the health ser-vices, primarily the nurse. In this study, the authors have chosen the word com-munication support as a generic name for the various technology tools, which are already present or in the future, might be an important link between the patient and the nurse. The aim of this study was to examine which communication sup-port that is available and patients´ perceptions of those and the patients´ percep-tions. Our patients can sometimes be affected by their illness, which means that their perception might be influenced and the advices or the prescriptions given by telephone will not be correctly perceived.

The purpose of this essay is to discover what Formative Assessment is used for in practice and also how teachers use the Curriculum for elementary school, preschool and after-school activity 2011 (Lgr 11) in their Formative Assessment work.The questions are as follows:What considerations do teachers take into account when assessing a student?How do teachers view assessment for learning?How do the teachers consider formative assessment works in relation to Lgr 11?I have used a qualitative research method to answer my questions. I have interviewed five teachers regarding their view on and experience with assessment. Using a hermeneutic approach I have tried to retrieve a deeper meaning from my interviewees regarding formative assessment. I have approached formative assessment using the socio-cultural perspective because I believe it to be the best fit.All of the informants believe formative assessment has made it easier to assess students and also that it works very well together with Lgr 11.