During the last decade a number of studies have been published that investigate how the most fundamental aspect of political organization, the regime type, affects population health. The results unanimously show that citizens of democracies live longer and healthier lives than citizens of non-democracies. Many explanations for this have been suggested, among these are that democracies redistribute more and invest more in salutogenic resources, and that the tendency of dictatorships to control the media negatively affects the ability to spread information crucial to public health. When these mechanisms are controlled for, however, it turns out that democracy has a large residual correlation with for example life expectancy, which suggests that other mechanisms are also involved.In this paper two new mechanisms regarding the possible psychosocially mediated health effects of the regime type are investigated, namely political repression, and the possible negative effects this might have on the levels of chronic stress, and autonomy, which connects to a large previous literature in social epidemiology. In the paper an ecological cross-country design is used and country-level data, provided mainly by the World Bank and Freedom House, is analyzed with a simple multiple OLS-regression model.

The Swedish CFC rules imply a taxation of Swedish partners of foreign legal persons subject to low income tax, which is based on a fictitious distribution. Thus, tax is levied even if the dividend has not been paid to the shareholder. The aim of the Swedish CFC legislation, which was put into force in 1990, was to prevent tax evasion and to protect the Swedish tax base. The reason was that the foreign exchange control was abolished, which made investments in foreign countries possible for Swedish companies. A CFC legislation was considered necessary for Sweden in order not to lose tax revenues.The legislation was strengthened on January 1st 2004 as a consequence of the abolished taxation of capital income of commercial shares.

An increasingly globalized market is leading to hard competition among manufacturing companies, which means that they are forced to become more customer focused to survive in the market. A Customer Relationship Management system is a system that will be of assistance to help companies succeed in building long term relationships with their customers. Best of Breed and ERP-based are two types of CRM systems. The study has focused on analyzing and examine the need for CRM systems at manufacturing companies. Our question formulation has been:? What need do businesses want to satisfy with a Best of Breed-based and ERP-based CRM system?? Are there any differences in the use of Best of Breed-based and ERP-based CRM system?In this study, we have chosen to carry out interviews and quantitative surveys with manufacturing companies to get their view of CRM-systems.

As revenues from newspaper advertising plummet and their readers loyalty erode, the need to understand newspapers' changing environment and the actors involved in this change is growing in importance. Evidence is the entire industry is entering into a restructuring phase and that this restructuring is driven by the rapid consumer adaption of internet media.In this thesis I elaborate on "how the Internet is affecting the conditions for value creation in printed newspapers" and "how the Internet is affecting the conditions for other actors involved in the printed newspaper's value creation". These two questions land us in the bigger question of "Does the Internet act as a compliment or a substitute to the printed newspaper ".To answer these questions the printed newspaper is represented as the actor in the middle of content producers, advertisers and consumers. It is in its role as a means of distribution and as a co-ordinating force that we study the value creation of the printed newspaper. The empirical base of this thesis is a qualitative participant observation where the author during a period of time interacted and collected data from the open discussion in blogs by several of the industry's top influentials combined with material from seminars and reports on the current state of media.

Infringement of intellectual property rights often causes significant economic damage. The problem with illegal activity concerning counterfeiting is constantly increasing. The development has lead to constitute an extensive international activity which is harmful for intellectual propery owners, consumers and the society in general. Competing products tend to be increasingly similar to each other, with rather similar marketing-, sales-, and pricingstrategies. As a result, the trademark strongly affects consumers? selection-process during purchase.

Deep litter is a system for animals kept in separate stalls, loafing and bedding in wind shelters. The litter can consist of different bedding, like straw and peat. The system is allowed to build over and to ensure optimal proportions it is necessary to add new straw regularly and to have good conditions. Important conditions are aerobic state, humidity, amount of organic substance and acceptable temperatures in the litter. The micro organisms are depending on temperature for their living conditions and to get the bottom layer in the litter to start burning.

Studien är en korpusbaserad undersökning av hur bloggare vanligen förstärker adjektiv på svenska, och om förstärkningen varierar utifrån vilka adjektiv och/eller substantiv som modifieras. Tidigare litteratur belyser exempelvis hur adjektivförstärkning kan styras av semantiska och kontextuella faktorer samt hur förstärkare ofta grammatikaliseras. Undersökningen ämnar deskriptivt komplettera tidigare observationer, genom analys av större datamängder än motsvarande studier av svenska. Datan hämtades ur korpusen Swedish Blog Sentences (>6 miljarder tokens). Alla sammansatta adjektiv, adverb följda av adjektiv samt liknelser (?ADJ som en/ett N?) extraherades automatiskt.

The topic for this master thesis is Business Intelligence, a means for decision makers to obtain accurate analysis about organisations surrounding world. The purpose is to examine how Business Intelligence is carried out in practice and how it can be made more efficient by considering some underlying and often overlooked factors. The study shows that organisations should strive for common goals and to engender corresponding perspectives amongst the co-workers. We have also concluded that Sensemaking, Knowledge Creating, Tacit knowledge, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Creativity and Visions, influence the ability to utilize the efficiency of Business Intelligence. In some aspects we have noticed that our theoretical backbone differentiates from reality, which reveals the complex prerequisites that relates to matters of Business Intelligence.

China is considered as one of the world?s fastest growing economies and the future of China looks promising. Even though the Chinese market attracts many new foreign companies to enter the market there are entry barriers which companies may encounter as obstacles, which will aggravate the market entry in China. As a result companies loose business opportunities and therefore it is of great importance for Swedish companies, which are planning a Chinese market entry, to identify which entry barriers that are considered to be the most difficult obstacles to overcome.The purpose of the thesis is to examine which entry barriers that are generally considered to be the most difficult obstacles for Swedish companies to overcome when entering Chinese markets and to rank the five most difficult entry barriers to overcome.Information about these entry barriers have been gathered from Swedish companies, which have carried out successful market entries in the Chinese markets, through an e-mail questionnaire.The result generally shows that the most difficult entry barriers to overcome in China were: bureaucracy, property laws, language, cultural differences and difficulties finding local partners. The ranking of the entry barriers? result shows that bureaucracy is the most difficult obstacle to overcome, followed by cultural differences, language, relations and access to distribution channels.We conclude that companies experience different difficulties overcoming these entry barriers, which depends on the companies? size, years in China, markets and if the entry barriers were considered controllable or uncontrollable.

I avloppsvattnet förekommer både naturliga och antropogena ämnen som kan orsaka en negativ miljöpåverkan, såsom eutrofiering och en syrefattig recipient. Förekomsten av näringsämnen och organiskt material kan också vara en värdefull resurs, för det slam som återstår efter reningsstegen i avloppsreningsverket kan användas för att höja näringshalten i till exempel skogar och på åkermark. För att minska risken för skador på reningsprocessen, en negativ miljöpåverkan på recipienten genom skadliga ämnen som passerar genom avloppsreningsverket samt en negativ miljöpåverkan på grund av ett förorenat slam är det betydelsefullt att fokusera på mängden skadliga ämnen som förs till anläggningen. Syftet med examensarbetet är att kartlägga förekomsten av hushållskemikalier hos sex hushåll i Västerås som är anslutna till det kommunala reningsverket, studera befintlig litteratur som beskriver vad som sker med utvalda kemikalier då de når avloppsreningsverk i allmänhet, och sedan jämföra detta med Kungsängsverket. De sex hushållens sammanlagda antal produkter var 293 stycken, varav 66 var rengöringsprodukter, 16 tvättprodukter, 112 badrumsprodukter och 99 stycken var garageprodukter.

Umeå Energi are working towards a goal, that in the year of 2018, they will be completely climate neutral. As a part of this, one target is to reduce their grid losses by 4 % of the 2012 level, which corresponds to an overall reduction of the grid losses of just over 1.7 GWh. In many residential areas, the distribution grid is designed and rated for electric heating as the heating in the houses. As many of the houses later has been converted to other types of heating, their electricity use has decreased and the total power output from many of the secondary substations has decreased significantly. Because of this, many of these stations today are well oversized, which in turn means that the energy losses in these stations are unnecessarily high.In this degree project, 25 secondary substations have been studied, all located in residential areas in and around central Umeå.

Sverige är internationellt sett ett land som har bland de högsta livsmedelspriserna i världen. Stor kritik har riktats mot de höga priserna som har blivit allt mer uppmärksammade i media de senaste åren.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida en ökad konkurrens påverkar den svenska dagligvarumarknaden och dess livsmedelspriser. Vidare vill vi, för att få en helhetsbild av vilka faktor förutom konkurrens, undersöka i vilken utsträckning andra variabler inverkar på priset.Vi har undersökt den svenska livsmedelsmarknaden, hur den ser ut idag och vad som påverkar prisutvecklingen i ett land samt hur denna har sett ut de senast tjugo åren. Insamlandet av data har gjort genom statistik, rapporter, intervjuer och en enkätundersökning.Det finns flera variabler som påverkar livsmedelspriserna i ett land. De som enligt rapporterna är direkt mätbara är växelkursen, skatter och arbetskraftskostnader, distribution och transportkostnader, konsumenternas preferenser samt butiksstrukturen.

The aim of this project was to quantify the total sleep time in modern dairy cows during24-hour periods and to investigate whether the total amount of sleep as well as timespent in different sleep stages varies between the dry period, early- and peak lactation.The distribution of sleep time between night and day was also examined. Furthermore,correlations between sleep and lying time, fluctuations in body temperature and heartbeat were included in the aim. Eight dairy cows of the Swedish Red breed were used inthis study, which was carried out between June and September 2010. In order toquantify sleep non-invasive electrophysiological recordings were performed.Simultaneously with collecting sleep data, body position and body temperature werealso recorded. No heart rate data was obtained due to difficulties of maintainingelectrodes for heart beat measurements attached to the skin.

Titel: Primärt, för vem? ? En kvalitativ studie om Primärvården Göteborgs personaltidningFörfattare: Sara Bäcklund, Elin Eriksson & Julia JanssonUppdragsgivare: Primärvården GöteborgKurs: Examensarbete i Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap vid institutionen förjournalistik, medier och kommunikationTermin: Vårterminen 2011Handledare: Jan StridAntal ord och sidor: 18 712 ord och 59 sidorSyfte: Att förstå vad personalen tycker om personaltidningen Primärt och vad de anser skulle gå förlorat vid en eventuell nedläggningMetodval: Fyra fokusgrupper med 13 deltagare från Primärvården Göteborgs organisationHuvudresultat: Primärt bör enligt våra svarspersoner förändras innehållsmässigt då tidningen i dagsläget inte uppfyller deras krav. Personalen efterfrågar debatt och vardagsskildringar som belyser både positiva och negativa händelser. De framhåller även att tidningens yttre form bör spegla organisationen, vilket de inte tycker att den gör i dagsläget.De anställda anser att tidningen sammansvetsar och informerar organisationen. De framhållerdock att tidningens distribution och utgivningstakt bör förbättras.

Introduction: In 1998, the pension system was changed and the so called PPM system was introduced. The PPM system is partly fund-based, partly distribution-based. There are approximately 700 different investment funds to choose between, at a maximum five for each individual. For persons who are not familiar with the financial market, the choice might be difficult. The lions? part of the investors do not seem to have an active strategy.