Background: The use of reward systems can be of strategic importance as well as an affective mean of control for the organization in its work to achieve its goals. The municipal sector is characterized by its transparency and its responsibility for the taxpayer?s money. We therefore wonder which possibilities the municipal sector has to use reward systems as a men of control. Purpose: We intend to research the possibilities that the reward system offer as a mean of control for employees at the higher municipal level, with a special focus on commitment and motivation.

För att kunna hålla jämna steg med utvecklingen och förändringar i samhället har flera av Sveriges kommuner infört ett rehabiliterande arbetssätt att jobba efter inom äldreomsorgen. I denna kvantitativa studie, ställs frågan huruvida det skiljer sig i självupplevd arbetstillfredsställelse mellan personal som jobbar enligt ett rehabiliterande arbetssätt och de som inte gör det. För att mäta variabeln arbetstillfredsställelse användes ett frågeformulär, QPSNordic-34+. I enkätundersökningen deltog 180 anställda inom äldreomsorgen i två svenska kommuner och 120 besvarade enkäten, vilket motsvarar en svarsfrekvens på 66,7%. Resultatet visade att det finns en signifikant skillnad i hur man upplever arbetstillfredsställelse hos anställda som jobbar enligt ett rehabiliterande arbetssätt jämfört med de som inte gör det..

Malmö has often been described as a segregated city, with relatively low democratic participation and high poverty and alienation. Behind this kind of statements we often find a material reality, with unequal distribution of assets and potentials that needs to be taken into consideration for political action. At the same time this categorisation of people into different groups can take stigmatising effects and result in increased inequality.I find the theoretical basis for my thesis in Lefebvre?s writings on ?the right to the city?, that shortly means that all inhabitants of a city have the right to take active part in the constantly ongoing process of producing and reproducing the city ? on all levels, from a hands-on everyday life level to a more abstract political level.With an interdisciplinary approach, where the right to the city is discussed in relation to citizenship, presence, representation and public space, I try to understand the connections between democracy, participation, justice and equality. These discussions are then applied to examples from Malmö; both publically initiated projects and individual physical markings in the city.

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to explore how teachers and leisure educators can strengthen and increase students? self-confidence in different ways in their line of work. I chose this inquest for personal reasons and also because it will be of great aid for me since this is what I intend my future profession to be. For this inquest I have chosen to do five qualitative interviews and two unstructured observations. The inquest was also based on relevant literature connected to its purpose.The results show that self-confidence is linked to something the individuals accomplish and that self-esteem is the way they see themselves, an inner feeling.

This is a study that will focus on the possibility to learn information about a town and its inhabitants of the 18th century by analyzing individual titles in the church records. The records that are used in this study are marriage registration administrated by the local church of the town of Uddevalla. The records are very detailed and each individual registered have a title, such as ?tradesman? or ?maiden?. Since the source are a registration of all the weddings that took place during the period of 1700 to 1749, the source gives very broad and valid information about the inhabitants of the town.

Uppsatsen behandlar teorin om kognitiv dissonans och dess effekter på attityder. Teorin om kognitiv dissonans beskriver bland annat att man strävar efter att handla konsekvent med sin attityd. Handlar man inkonsekvent kan man uppleva dissonans.Syftet med undersökningen var att mäta attitydförändring utifrån kognitiv dissonansteorin. Vi undersökte detta med experimentmetod och enkäter där vi med hjälp av 77 personer mätte attityder till olika organisationer före och efter en påverkan från vår sida.Våra analyser visade inga signifikanta effekter av attitydförändring i experimentet. Vår främsta förklaring till detta är den kognitiva dissonansen vi försökte skapa blev för liten och att andra motivationsfaktorer påverkade resultatet för mycket..

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the places importance for young people with disabilities. The study?s central questions are what type of places they visit and what characterizes them. It is also about answering the questions why the places are visited and what meaning this has for participation and identity. The study´s central concept is room/place, participation and identity.

The purpose of this study was to find out if motion movements, e.g. number of lying bouts and lying time with a registered activity monitoring sensor can detect an impending calving and thereby be used as a measure and an indicator for an upcoming calving. For this, automatically step sensors were used and were attached to one of the cows? hind leg. The sensor registered the individual step and movement activity of the cow.

Försvarsmakten beskriver i Arméns utvecklingsplan 2010-2020 att tre dygns uthållighet på taktisknivå inte är tillräckligt utan bör vara mer flexibelt så att den även passar mindre enheter som skall kunna verka över stora avstånd utan möjlighet till egen logistik. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda vad trovärdig uthållighet är. Att utreda om tre dygns uthållighet på taktisk nivå är tillräckligt eller om denna bör utökas till mer än tre dygn. I uppsatsen beskrivs vad som står skrivet i olika dokument från Försvarsmakten vilka styr uthålligheten. Det beskrivs även hur Försvarsmakten avser att uthålligheten skall se ut i framtiden.

Abstract:Background: Socialstyrelsen statistics show that breastfeeding continues to decline. Previous research some mother experiencing breastfeeding difficulties and their lack of knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding. Support to mothers varies depending on their individual needs. Factors affecting the choice are the support of health care nurses and the social network. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe health care nurse experiences of giving support to mother who are breastfeeding.

Delat ledarskap har på senare år blivit alltmer uppmärksammat, främst inom idrotten där Tommy Söderberg och Lars Lagerbäck rönt stora framgångar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om inställningen till delat ledarskap är mer positivt bland de personer som haft denna ledarform än bland personer som inte upplevt detta. Syftet är dessutom att se på hur ett specifikt delat ledarskap fungerar. Genom intervjuer med två elitfotbollstränare som utövat delat ledarskap samt en enkätundersökning med elitfotbollsspelare, har data samlats in.Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad i inställningen till delat ledarskap hos fotbollspelarna. Däremot gav intervjuerna med tränarna en bra inblick i hur ett delat ledarskap fungerar, något som kan vara framtidens ledarskapsform..

Children from different backgrounds, cultures and home environments attend school everyday. The educational system of today focus on the importance for every individual pupil to take responsibility, in order to gain knowledge. From an early age should the pupils learn how to work independant and take responsibility for their education. My questian, and what I have decided to discuss in this paper, is wether everyone has the same opportunity to gain knowlwdge and learn trough this method. In preperation for this essay I read litterature where the authors claims that this kind of educational system is not for everyone, but it benefits those pupils that comes from a middleclass background.So, is our school system fair and equal? Can everyone, no matter what social and cultural group they belong to, get the education thay have right to? In order to get a deeper understanding I interviewed three teachers that works in different schools.

Swedish pre-school teachers are in the middle of a debate regarding a form of general school competence that today is criticized by mass media. The training and skill development that is used today is an important tool in the development of the organization as well as the people that work in them. This study aims to explain how this training actually is performed and the opinions of the pre-school teachers that actually finish the training. Previous research in this area has primarily been focused at the types of methods that exists from an executive standpoint. This study, instead, aims to shift that focus to the individual worker.

Abortion remains a contentious issue, which greatly raises ethical problems. This thesis examines the leading arguments in the Swedish abortion debate around the ? in terms of legislation ? critical years of 1938 and 1974. With Foucault's genealogical method, Butler's theories of gender as a social construction in relation to power and doxa, the study examines what the development of the argumentation says about the views on morality, the woman's body, life, individual and state? How has the arguments pro and against abortion changed over time and what does this say about the norms that guide and orientate the arguments? The most obvious change in argumentation is seen in the shift from an absolute moral and conservative position into an increasingly relativistic and liberal position, and this study will argue that this shift has its prerequisites in the changing status of the citizen and state.

Studerade effekten av social ångest och självfokusering på attributionsstil och impressionsbildning. En 2 (uppmätt hög/låg social ångest) x 2 (manipulerad hög/låg självfokusering) design användes. Deltagarna var 68 studenter, 56 kvinnor och 12 män. För attributionsstil användes separata skalor för bra och dåliga händelser. För impressionsbildning användes en positiv och en negativ skala.