Det svenska samhället blir alltmer ett mångkulturellt samhälle med nya krav på sjukvården och dess personal. Sjuksköterskor möter patienter med en annan kulturell bakgrund, kunskap och förståelse. Hur kulturell bakgrund påverkar förväntningar och vårdresultat blir därför viktig. Syftet med studien är att beskriva faktorer som är viktiga för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna ge en god omvårdnad till patienter som är invandrare och vårdas inom den transkulturella vården. Denna studie är en litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapligt granskade kvalitativa artiklar och en avhandling.

Pyometra (chronic purulent uterine inflammation) is a common disease in middle-aged and older intact bitches. The disease most frequently occurs in metoestrus and previous research studies have shown that both hormones and bacteria are involved in the development of the disease. Analysis of the blood levels of prostaglandin metabolite 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2? (PG-metabolite) has previously been shown to be clinically useful in the differentiation of canine uterine diseases such as pyometra and mucometra. The PG-metabolite concentration has also been correlated to severity in pyometra as determined by hospitalisation length. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if blood levels of PG-metabolite can differentiate uterine diseases such as pyometra from other diseases in female dogs.

Bull terrier hereditary nephritis is caused by a mutation that leads to an inadequate synthesis of collagen type IV, which is an important component in the basement membranes. The inheritance of the mutation is autosomal dominant in bull terriers and progression to renal failure takes variable time, from several months to ten years. Proteinuria is the first clinical sign of the disease and the diagnosis is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of renal tissue where typical ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), thickening and multilaminar splitting are found. This study was performed in order to find out the occurrence of hereditary nephritis in bull terriers in Sweden through examination of urine samples and renal tissue and comparisons with how the disease is described in the literature. Urine samples from 76 Swedish bull terriers were collected and examined for proteinuria.

Abstract This Concept Analysis according to Walker & Avant (1995) studies the concept of uncertainty in the nursing context. It consists of four parts where uncertainty in general have been encircled in a semantic analysis (part one) and a qualitative content analysis consisting of an questionnaire, distributed to the staff members at one nursing and medicine institution, with an open question about the meaning of uncertainty (part two). The third part is a literature study of the nursing context to find out how uncertainty is described (part three). Part four is the actual concept analysis based on the three first parts. Uncertainty in the nursing context is an individual conscious experience witch is changeable and impressionable. It is chained together with its antecendents and consequences.

Hästar över hela värden är infekterade med gastrointestinala parasiter. De parasiter som har högst prevalens och orsakar sjukdom hos häst är cyathostominer, Parascaris equorum, Anoplocephala perfoliata och Strongylus vulgaris. Parasiterna kan orsaka alvarliga symtom så som obstruktion, kolik, avmagring och de kan även ge komplikationer som kan leda till döden. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att sammanställa information om hästens parasiter och om tillgängliga analysmetoder samt att undersöka dagens möjligheter till ett hållbart kontrollprogram för att minska resistensutveckling. Problematiken med den ökande resistensen har gjort att regelbunden avmaskning för att minska prevalensen av parasiterna har börjat ifrågasättas. Idag finns det kontrollprogram för att minska resistensutvecklingen hos hästens gastrointestinala parasiter.

Background: Evaluation of lameness in horses is traditionally performed by a veterinarian who subjectively evaluates the movements of the horse. Accordingly, lameness diagnosis varies with the veterinarian and circumstances for which the horse is examined. Research within the area has long tried to establish an objective and standardized method for lamenessevaluation in horses. Several methods have been shown to be reliable and are used regularly within research, for example measurement of forces between the hoof and ground, and measurement of movements with high speed cameras or accelerometers. However these methods require considerable preparation, standardization, and expensive equipment as well as produce large amounts of data that are incomprehensible for the clinician.

?Canine leishmaniosis? (CL) är en vektorburen zoonos, orsakad av den encelliga parasiten Leishmania infantum och sprids via sandmyggor inom släktet Phlebotomus. Vektorerna förekommer inte i Sverige men det finns flera fall av leishmanios hos importerade hundar och veterinärmedicinsk kunskap om sjukdomen behövs förbättras. Sannolikt kan vi förvänta oss en ökning av antalet fall i landet på grund av att man tar med sina hundar vid längre utlandsvistelser samt också på grund av hundimport. Arbetet syftar till att fördjupa kunskapen om L. infantum med fokus på diagnostik, behandling och profylaktiska metoder.

The modern veterinarian in horse practice is often consulted by horse owners concerning riding problems. These problems are more complex and show other characteristics than traditional lameness. For the diagnostic process and to give adequate advice the veterinarians need an understanding of riding terminology and problems related to riding. It is also of high importance that riders, trainers and veterinarians increase the knowledge of equine biomechanics and how these are influenced by the rider. Collection is an important concept in the riding terminology.

Martinez, A (2011). Attityder hos lastbilsförare gällande mat i samband med långa -respektive korta transportsträckor. Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, Högskolan i Gävle. AbstractBackground: The profession as a lorry driver is in many aspects very risky. Factors such as time directive, poor diet and shift work characterize the profession and puts drivers' health at risk. Current research shows that the vast majority of lorry drivers are overweight, suffer from high stress related to work and have on average a very low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a respiratory disorder that most commonly affects young horses performing at a high level. The clinical signs are often mild but the disorder can cause a marked decrease in performance to a point where the horse has to be taken of training and competing. The aetiology underlying IAD is not yet fully understood. One current theory is that a type I-hypersensitivity reaction due to allergens in the environment is the cause in some horses. The most reliable diagnostic method is a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) since it reflects the inflammatory status in the most distal parts of the lungs, which are affected in IAD.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used for the diagnosis and study of osteoarthrosis in the equine tarsal region. In the development of new diagnostic MRI techniques cadaver specimens are often used. To allow the use of cadaver legs for these types of studies it is important to know the effect of time after death on the MRI image. Since the relaxation times are temperature dependent, it is interesting to examine whether the time after death and the temperature of the cadaver may play a role in the image appearance and quality. The radio pulse sequences that show the different types of tissues are also important to know when pathological evaluation with MRI is used.

Luftvägsproblem är vanligt hos häst. Enklare diagnostik för att diagnosticera subkliniska sjukdomar hos högpresterande hästar är eftertraktat. Att använda sig av biomarkörer inom veterinärmedicin är ett effektivt sätt för att få underlag för att ställa diagnos, ge prognos samt att följa olika sjukdomars utveckling. På marknaden finns idag ett instrument för att mäta Haptoglobinvärdet i blodet hos häst. Denna litteraturstudie uppmärksammar vilken information som finns angående Haptoglobin (Hp) idag samt möjligheten att använda denna som biomarkör för lunglidande hos häst. Haptoglobin är ett positivt akutfasprotein.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used for the diagnosis and study of osteoarthrosis in the equine tarsal region. In the development of new diagnostic MRI techniques cadaver specimens are often used. To allow the use of cadaver legs for these types of studies it is important to know the effect of time after death on the MRI image. Since the relaxation times are temperature dependent, it is interesting to examine whether the time after death and the temperature of the cadaver may play a role in the image appearance and quality. The radio pulse sequences that show the different types of tissues are also important to know when pathological evaluation with MRI is used.

I denna uppsats g?rs en deskriptiv och j?mf?rande analys av olika partif?retr?dares s?kerhetspolitiska problemdefinitioner i en specifik riksdagsdebatt som avh?lls i januari 2015. Problem: Unders?kningen utg?r fr?n att uppfattningen om vad som utg?r ett samh?llsproblem ? i detta fall s?kerhetspolitiska problem - och vad detta n?rmare best?r i inte ?r n?gon sj?lvklarhet, utan n?got som formas av en st?ndigt p?g?ende debatt och diskussion i vad som kan liknas vid en kampartad kollektiv definieringsprocess d?r olika akt?rer str?var efter att etablera just sin verklighetsuppfattning som dominerande. Med denna utg?ngspunkt kan samh?llsproblem av olika slag betraktas som sociala konstruktioner.