A major part of the Swedish population suffers from myocardial infarction. A wish in the study is to give nurses an increasing knowledge about what patients with myocardial infarction wish to be informed about so that the nurses can meet these patients as good as possible.The aim is to show what nurses need to inform heart patients about to prevent anxiety and fear after hospital care.The method used was literature reviews where seven articles were reviewed according to Polit, et. al., (2001). The databases used were Cinahl and ELIN.Results: There is a dissonance between what the patient and what the nurse is ranking to be the most important item to be informed about after a myocardial infarction. The patients prioritize information about symptoms and lifestylechanges.

Smoking is a health problem with a negative impact on virtually all body organs. Smoking can cause, for example, lung cancer, cancers in other organs and cardiovascular disease. There is also a social aspect of smoking. If individuals have many smokers in their environment, the risk to start smoking is increased, and for those who already smoke the chance of quitting will be less. Many municipalities today face smoke-free working to reduce smoking and passive smoking adverse effects.

AbstractThe aim of this study is to highlight the professional?s perspectives and work with young girls who have eating disorder anorexia nervousa. We assume a social constructivist perspective where the professional?s interpretations and perspectives on the issue anorexia considered. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews with seven professionals in the areas of work, social services, school counselor, school nurse, anorexia unit and child and adolescent psychiatry (BUP).From a thematic analysis of the interviews, three themes emerged.

SAMMANFATTNINGDilaterad kardiomyopati (DCM) är en ärftlig, primär hjärtmuskelsjukdom som är mycket vanligt förekommande hos dobermann. Sjukdomens förlopp har tre stadier. Det första stadiet innebär att sjukdomen föreligger men kan enbart påvisas vid histologisk undersökning av hjärtmuskelvävnad. Det prekliniska stadiet innebär att inga sjukdomstecken ses hos hunden, men förändringar, såsom hög förekomst av kammarextraslag och dilatation av vänster kammare, kan hittas med hjälp av elektrokardiografi (EKG) och ekokardiografi. I det overta (kliniska stadiet) uppvisar hunden sjukdomstecken som nedsatt arbetsförmåga, trötthet, hosta samt kachexi.

There are several possibilities for those with an eating disorder, who wishes to get treatment and recover to get help and support. But for those who are not ready to recover, there are not any help to receive. Pro-ana is a youth culture where individuals who want to achieve the anorectic ideal help and support each other. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the content and the need for the Pro-ana community on Internet, among young people with eating disorders. More specifically the aim was to find out how young Swedish people uses the Pro-ana communities on Internet.

Apart from recognizing and neutralizing threats, antibodies also have the ability to regulate immune responses against their specific antigen. IgG administered together with erythrocytes is well known to induce >99% suppression. This has been used to prevent haemolytic disease in new-borns since the 1960's, but the mechanism behind it is still not completely understood. The effect on the primary response is well established, but its influence on induction of immunological memory is still heavily debated. In this study adoptive cell transfer of splenocytes to irradiated mice was used to survey the effect IgG has on induction of immunological memory without disturbance from the primary IgG response.

Aortic insufficiency is a very common valve problem in horses and most often affects older individuals, but nevertheless existent within younger ones. The root cause for aortic insufficiency can be varied, for example; endocarditis, ventricular septum defect or congenital valve disease but the most common are progressive valve degeneration or elite competition. Depending on the root cause, different changes can be observed on the aorta valves, but they do all have the same effect, the valves do not seal properly and blood leaks backwards. Many horses can, even with this deficiency, perform highly without any visible impacts and there is therefore no need to treat those subjects. Most often the symptoms arise at a later stage in life and they are, more often than none, put down for other reasons. In the occurrence of the clinical symptoms showing, treatment guideline is to inhibit these symptoms since the valve degeneration is presently irreversible.

Vaccination as a part of the preventative public health project has for many years been one of the important tasks of the children's health care. The vaccination program has been adjusted to current research and the health situation in the country. Having their children vaccinated is not something obvious for all parents, though. Especially the vaccination against measles, whooping cough and German measles have been questioned. The purpose of this literature study was to investigate the reasons for the resistance to vaccinate and to illuminate the security creating advice of the nurse at the public health centre.

ABSTRACTAim: The aim of this study is to chart the experiences of Swedish general psychiatric care on a Swedish University hospital from a relative?s point of view. The study focus on how they are meet, satisfaction with and participation in the care. The study is done as an improvement project.Methods: The study was conducted by performing semi-structured interviews with eight close relatives to patients on a general psychiatric ward. The interviews lasted for 20-40 minutes.Results: The result shows that relatives are satisfied with the way they are meet by the staff on the ward, that they appreciate staff that are open, down to earth and are inviting to form a good relationship.

Sexual dysfunctions concerning women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are common. Since the disease preferably affects young individuals when establishment of family occurs, the result of these problems have a great impact on the individual and her family. The purpose of this literature review is to throw light upon these problems and respond the questions if the nurse may be the right person to give sexual counselling and in which way this may be done. The theoretical framework was Antonovsky´s concept "sense of coherence". The result is presented in four themes: bodily aspects, social aspects, information/counselling, and practical implications for nurses.

Juvertumörer är de vanligaste tumörerna hos tikar och det finns olika typer av både benigna och maligna juvertumörer. De hormonella fluktuationerna som sker under östralcykeln driver utvecklingen av juvervävnaden och behandling med progestiner (syntetiska ekvivalenter till progesteron) för uppskjutande av löp har kopplats samman med förekomst av juvertumörer, vilket har lett till ett intresse för den hormonella påverkan på juvertumörutvecklingen. Hormonerna är i sin tur beroende av uttrycket av receptorer för att kunna ha effekt i vävnaden. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att utreda uttrycket av hormoner och receptorer för progesteron, tillväxthormon (growth hormone, GH) och insulinliknande tillväxtfaktor (insulin-like growth factor, IGF) i normal juvervävnad och i benigna och maligna tumörer, såväl som deras påverkan på juvertumörutvecklingen. De intracellulära signalvägarna för progesteronreceptorer (PR), GH-receptorer (GHR) och IGF-I-receptorn (IGF-IR) är kopplade till cellproliferation och genreglering. De komplexa nätverken av signalvägar interagerar med varandra och en obalans i uttryck och reglering av hormoner, receptorer eller molekyler i cellen kan leda till att tumörer uppstår. Vid progestinbehandling har ökade nivåer av GH och IGF-I uppmätts och högst nivåer sågs i maligna tumörer.

Background: Multiple myeloma is a malignant incurable cancer disease associated with severe chronic pain. The nurse has several important roles in the management of patients with multiple myeloma. This study focuses on nurse´s roles including the caring of pain relief.Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate the nurse?s role in giving care to patients with multiple myeloma and associated chronic pain.Method: This literature study was based on scientific articles.Results: The nurse is in a key position to facilitate ongoing adequate pain and psychosocial assessment of patients with multiple myeloma. The study presents ways of relieving pain and suffering via different ways of caring management.

 Bakgrund: I Sverige finns det cirka 160 000 personer som är drabbade av någon form av demenssjukdom och av dessa lider ca 60 % av Alzheimers sjukdom. Cirka en halv miljon svenskar beräknas vara anhöriga till någon som drabbats av Alzheimers sjukdom. Alzheimers kallas ibland för de anhörigas sjukdom, eftersom livssituationen förändras både för den drabbade och för de anhöriga. Syfte: Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: Studien utfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie.

Rapid economic development and urbanization has led to an improved standard of living for the Chinese people. Meanwhile, a series of environmental problems have also appeared and smog, in particular, has caused the Chinese people to realize how serious the situation is. Smog has seriously affected normal economic activities and people's everyday lives, resulting in financial losses, increased mortality and disease. How to handle the smog becomes particularly important. The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss the underlying causes of two sources of pollution, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, as well as what drives individuals' and firms' environmentally destructive behavior.

The purpose of this project was to investigate if retention of polar compounds that are given to treat tuberculosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and childhood leukemia could be obtained with HILIC separation. By varying different parameters for different types of columns the compounds were analyzed with the aim of finding guidelines for future method optimizations. To perform these analyzes three different columns were tested ? ZIC-HILIC (silica-based with zwitterions), ZIC-pHILIC (polymer-based with zwitterions) and XBridge Amide (amide functions). The results were evaluated with selected quality measures.