Bakgrund: Hjärtats slag har länge förknippats med skillnaden mellan liv och död. År 2010 genomfördes 6 358 hjärtkirurgiska ingrepp i Sverige. De vanligaste ingreppen är koronar bypass-operation, klaffoperation och operation på missbildningar på hjärtat. De viktigaste delarna i pre- och postoperativ omvårdnad är helhetsbedömning av patienten, ge information, ge råd om nödvändiga livsstilsförändringar och att finnas som stöd för patienten. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter före och efter hjärtkirurgi.

Rapportens studie jämför en distribuerad och mobil databasmiljö med avseende på frågehantering. Områden som fokuseras inom frågehantering är: dataorganisation och distribution, lokaliseringshantering, skalbarhet, frågekostnader samt frånkopplad operation. Rapportens slutsatser fastslår att grundläggande skillnader inte existerar mellan miljöerna med avseende på frågehantering, vilket ger till följd att formulerad problemhypotes verifieras..

Due to the growing population in Stockholm, some of the urban green areas are beingsubjected to exploitation. Hammarbyskogen is an urban forest in the south of Stockholm andis an example of a green area that is planned to be transformed into an urban environment.This paper investigates key qualities and values of an urban forest of Hammarbyskogenvalued by local inhabitants of the neighbourhoods of Hammarbyhöjden and Björkhagen in thesouth of Stockholm. In addition to that, the study seeks to investigate people?s perception ofthe planned development of the forest as well as investigate how these perceptions andqualities are being incorporated into the process of neighbourhood development.Using text analysis, interviews and discussion forums, findings have been made showing thatthe local inhabitants value the urban forest mostly for its ecological and recreational qualities.Regarding perception of the change, people are either positive or negative to the developmentwhich can be explained by people?s experienced sense of place and place attachment of thearea and the forest itself. The study has also shown that the urban planners rely on localinhabitants? view, as well as on expert knowledge during the process of planning.The results of the study contributes to a better understanding of why and for what purposesurban forests are important for the city dwellers..

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors that drive efficiency and effectiveness in technical development projects performed at A?F?s department of product development. In addition to identifying and analyzing these factors, the thesis also analyzes what needs to be taken in to account in order to implement a measurement system that is able to both monitor and control the identified factors.The thesis has been performed in a qualitative manner. It is based on interviews with people from several different technological companies, within different lines of business, all of which are customers to A?F?s department of product development.The results show that there are seven critical factors for project efficiency and effectiveness.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the development of libraries on Tjörn, an island on the Swedish west coast. I have divided the thesis in two parts, one in which I will describe the libraries development between the years 1873 to 1952 in the municipality of Stenkyrka and one in which I will describe the libraries development between the years 1976 and 1985 in the municipality of Tjörn. The study is mainly based on written materials and a theoretic model will also be used in which I apply three factors, society, the libraries economy and individual actors on the library activity. The libraries in Stenkyrka during the early period were dependent of public grant from the state for their survival and the libraries were undeveloped. The society around them was poor and hardly any money or assistants came from the municipality.

As Sweden has become a multicultural society the need for developing new educational approaches rises. The preschool is a crucial piece in this as it is the one of the first institutions where the children start to develop the language skills. The aim of this study is to investigate the language development approach as practiced by teachers, in their preschool programs, and determine if the teachers work methods can be considered intercultural. This is done to gain a deep understanding on several language development methods and analyze the teachers' approach within the framework of intercultural pedagogy perspective. The theoretical framework used in the study is the intercultural perspective.

Introduktion: Depression, ångest, stress och ätstörningsproblematik har visat sig ha en hög prevalens hos personer som lider av obesitas. Syfte: Att undersöka om och i så fall hur ångest och depression mätt i HADS förändras i en grupp som genomgått överviktskirurgi. Av intresse var också att undersöka om viktnedgång samt om preoperativa symtom på stress, hetsätning och känslomässigt ätande predicerar utfallet av symtom på ångest och depression postoperativt. Metod: 30 patienter som genomgått överviktskirurgi på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala under våren 2011 inkluderades i studien. Dessa patienter hade innan genomgången operation och vid en uppföljning sex månader postoperativt besvarat olika screeningformulär avseende psykiskt välmående, ätstörningar och stress.

AbstractThe aim of this thesis is to examine Interreg as an instrument for regional policy in the European Union. Interreg is an initiative designed to strengthen economic and social cohesion throughout the European Union by fostering balanced development through cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation. But how does it work in practise? Three main questions are asked to answer this:How well does the implementation in the programmes work?How does the programme management look and how well does it work?What degree of efficiency does Interreg show in financial and physical effectiveness?With evaluation and implementation as theories the questions are answered together with a qualitative method. The conclusions that can be drawn is that Interreg strengthen European unions economic and social cohesion in form of integration and regional development that in many ways make it easier to travel and trade over the borders.

Bakgrund: Lex Maria är ett avvikelsehanteringssystem vars mål är främjandet av patientsäkerheten. All hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal har anmälningsskyldighet enligt Lex Maria. I samband med Lex Maria-anmälan ska händelseanalys genomföras och nya åtgärder tillämpas. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att sammanställa Lex Maria-anmälningarna från fyra akutsjukhus i södra Sverige mellan åren 2009-2011 och betydelsen för patientsäkerheten. Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ metod med retrospektiv inriktning.

In motion ?a traffic program for Nacka is the result of a survey of the traffic system and transportation situation in Nacka and suggests possible development opportunities. A new traffic strategy will be developed in the municipality of Nacka the coming years, which is the reason for this study: to map the current situation, identify strengths and weaknesses, needs and opportunities. This program suggests possible development opportunities and gives an historical overview of the transportation system, the current situation and an analysis of different transportation modes. A mapping of other municipalities? traffic strategies or programs have been done and included into the program as well as a prognosis for the coming years in the municipality.

The aim with this master thesis is to analyze a scientific material concerning the context between learning and child/student development, and factors which controls process of learning, to create an image with quality account and teaching in mathematics, which then can raise the mathematical knowledge among students.The phenomena which stand in focus for the investigation is: why there is a negative tendency for development of knowledge in mathematics, among the Swedish students that TIMSSs investigations showed in intercultural comparison within the years 1993, 1999, 2003 and 2007.The method is the ethnographical method, which is based on: analyzing scientific theories about learning child/student development, factors which controls process of learning, and factors which controls process of learning the most and qualitative empiric investigation with qualitatively analyzes the questionnaires, which is about factors which are controlling the process of learning and factors which are controlling the process of learning the most.Result of the theoretical and empiric analyzes shows that factors as school environment, attitude for subjects and teaching, controls and influence the learning. To end a unenthusiastic tendency as a negative development of mathematical knowledge among students that is shown in TIMSS investigation and to elevate the students' performance in mathematics, an elevated qualitative account and teaching in mathematics, by the factors named. Safe school environments as the intercultural meeting place, the teachers influence part to the students' subjects' attitude in mathematics and goal related grading criteria in teaching, is all required for e qualitative teaching in mathematics..

Det finns en allmän uppfattning och en starkt förankrad föreställning om att kön är någonting statiskt som inte kan ifrågasättas eller ändras. Språk kan förmedla och upprätthålla diskriminerande åsikter och vara privilegierande för människor som är bekväma med, och följer rådande normer.I denna studie fokuseras prefixet cis-, som beskriver människor som lever som, och identifierar sig själva i enlighet med de normativa föreställningar som råder i samhället. Studiens teoretiska ramverk och metodologiskt tillvägagångssätt bygger på den kritiska diskursanalysen (CDA). Utvalda blogginlägg samt tidningstexter som berör prefixet cis- har analyserats för att få förståelse för vad prefixet cis- betyder för personerna som använder det. Som analysverktyg används innehållsanalys samt korpusanalys.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att ord med prefixet cis- främst används av två aktörer i samhället: transpersoner och feminister.

Climate change is one of the most difficult problems that humans have to deal with. Today, the evidence of human effects on the climate change and the rise of temperature on earth are strong. It is extremely important that all countries get together and cooperate in order to be able to solve the problem with climate change. One step in the work on climate changes is the Convention on Climate Change, which was agreed on in 1992. The Convention on Climate Change resulted in the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement between a number of industrialized countries to limit or reduce the green gas emissions.

En operation framkallar en icke önskvärd fysiologisk reaktion hos patienten som benämns som kroppens stressvar. Stressvaret innebär att sympatiska nervsystemet aktiveras och att endokrina ändringar erhålls, bland annat minskning i sekretionen av TSH och insulin samt ökning i sekretionen av ACTH, kortisol och ADH. En viktig uppgift för en veterinär är att välja premedicineringsläkemedel innan en operation. Premedicineringsläkemedel har som främsta uppgifter att motverka det perioperativa stressvaret hos djuret, minska smärta och förstärka anestesimedlens effekt. Syftet med det här arbetet är att beskriva vad som händer i kroppen vid ett perioperativt stressvar och hur svaret kan motverkas med hjälp av premedicineringsläkemedel. Premedicineringsläkemedel väljs och kombineras från klasserna sedativa, analgetika och antikolinergika. De vanligaste använda sederande läkemedlen på svenska veterinärkliniker är dopaminantagonisten acepromazin och alfa2-agonisten medetomidin.

The 17th October 2014 the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) introduced an intelligence operation in Stockholm archipelago after receiving credible observations regarding illegal underwater activities. Following the data collection and associated analysis it could be stated with certainty that a foreign submarine had violated the Swedish territorial waters. Media depend on SwAF to provide them with accurate information due to the confidentiality in these matters and the general area of investigation is therefore how the actions of the Swedish Armed Forces, in the submarine incident 2014, were portrayed in the Swedish media. Newspapers and blogs of defense policy represent the media and the thesis is based on the theories constructed by Graham Allison, the rational actor, organizational behavior and governmental politics. Furthermore, it is relevant to examine if there are any similarities or differences in how the submarine incident is illustrated, and what may be the reason for any possible occurrences.