In 2005 over 48 000 senior citizens fell so badly that the needed medical care and almost 1200 of them died. This makes falls in the elderly one of our biggest public health problems. Research in this area is extensive and although we know what causes a fall and how we in theory should work to prevent their occurrence, this is a problem that is increasing. There seems to be a gap between research and practice, and research into why this gap occurs is very narrow. The purpose of this study was to identify success factors with fall prevention from a staff- perspective.

The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effect of internet- administered guided self-help for women suffering from psychological problems following traumatic childbirth. The eight-week treatment program consisted of written chapters based on cognitive behavioral therapy. 56 participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 28) or a waiting list group (n = 28).The results showed that post-traumatic symptoms decreased as a result of the treatment, with large within-group effects measured by both the Traumatic Event Scale (TES) (d = 1.33) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) (d = 1.3). The difference between the groups was only significant when measured by the IES-R in which case the between-group effect was large (d = 0.97). The proportion of the participants who showed clinically significant improvement was considerably greater in the treatment group than in the waiting list group.

The aim with this study is to understand how social workers at the individual- and family sector think about child poverty and how they work with and reason about the preventive and facilitate work they do for financial vulnerable families. We have in our study used qualitative method through semi-structured interviews with social workers at the individual- and family sector to answer our purpose. The results showed that child poverty is a concept hard to define and not well established. The social workers have divided views on child poverty but still at the same time mean that it exists amongst the families they meet. There is also a big difference between municipalities and their reasoning on what a reasonable standard of living is for a financial vulnerable family and how they work with preventing child poverty.

During the last few years the alcohol consumption has increased and is now the highest in 100 years, one usually count that 10 % of the grown up population abuse alcohol and/or drugs and most of them are hidden abusers with families and work. This leads to great costs for the companies. But the much greater cost for the companies are the much larger group of risk abusers. According to the Swedish law the employer has a responsibility for the work milieu and also for the rehabilitate for the employed and drug/alcohol abuse applies to this.I have done qualitative interviews on four companies in the south of Sweden with one representa-tive for the management and one representative for the union. I have investigated their attitudes to alcohol and drugs and how they describe the alcohol culture at the company.The companies define alcohol problems when they are established and obvious and when it is dis-covered they put in resources and because of this they don't work preventive so much.

BakgrundSjukdomen fibromyalgi drabbar i genomsnitt två procent av befolkningen i varje land och 90 procent av de insjuknade är kvinnor. Fibromyalgi kan debutera i alla åldrar och ännu finns ingen effektiv metod för att bota sjukdomen. De främsta symtomen vid fibromyalgi är generell och ständig värk som flyttar runt i kroppen samt en onormal trötthet och kraftlöshet. Depression är också ett vanligt symtom hos personer med fibromyalgi. Många personer med fibromyalgi väljer att använda sig av icke farmakologiska behandlingar för att lindra sina symtom.

För en god uppväxt är barnets hälsa av stor betydelse och den orala hälsan är en del av den allmänna hälsan. Syftet med studien var att undersöka gravida kvinnors kunskap om kostvanor, munvård och karies hos barn under tre år. Metoden var kvantitativ och har genomförts med en enkät. Undersökningsgruppen var gravida kvinnor och enkäten har distribuerats till dessa via barnmorskor. Resultatet har analyserats deskriptivt och baseras på 243 besvarade enkäter.

BakgrundInom hälso- och sjukvården är en bra och fungerande kommunikation mellan medarbetarn aen av de viktigaste förutsättningarna för god och säker vård, då bristande kommunikation är en av de främsta orsakerna till vårdskada. Genom att tillämpa kommunikationsverktyget Situation, Bakgrund, Aktuellt tillstånd och Rekommendation [SBAR] kan kommunikationen effektiviseras och patientsäkerheten kan öka enligt flera studier. SBARär en lättanvänd och konkret modell som är användbar vid överrapportering och ger vårdgivare en möjlighet att enkelt sammanfatta viktig patientinformation.SyfteSyftet med denna studie var att utifrån ett patientsäkerhetsperspektiv beskriva sjuksköterskans följsamhet av kommunikationsverktyget SBAR vid muntlig överrapportering på en akutmottagning.MetodMetoden som användes var en direkt, strukturerad, icke-deltagande observationsstudie.Studien ägde rum på en akutmottagning där totalt 28 observationer av muntlig överrapportering genomfördes. Ett observationsprotokoll utformat utifrån akutmottagningens modifierade SBAR-modell användes under observationerna.ResultatVid de observerade överrapporteringarna rapporterades i genomsnitt 5,2 kategorier utav observationsprotokollets 30 möjliga under samma överrapportering. Resultatet visade att patientens namn, sökorsak och symtom rapporterades i de flesta fallen.

Bakgrund: Att bli förälder är en omvälvande och stor förändring i livet och det är vanligt att bli nedstämd den första tiden som förälder. Oftast går det över ganska snabbt efter förloss-ningen men 10-20 procent av alla nyblivna mödrar mår fortsatt dåligt en längre tid och drab-bas av en förlossningsdepression. På grund av känslor som skam och skuld undviker många mödrar att söka vård och därför blir förlossningsdepression ofta oupptäckt och odiagnostise-rat.Syfte: Att beskriva mödrars upplevelser vid förlossningsdepression samt att beskriva upple-velsen av stödet från sjuksköterskan. Syftet var vidare att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas urvalsmetod och undersökningsgrupp.Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna PsycINFO och Cinahl användes till litteratursökningen.Huvudresultat: Vanliga upplevelser hos mödrar med förlossningsdepression var rädsla, skuld och ökad sårbarhet för att hantera förändringar.

Today the school is a given place for preventing social problems. The school struggles continuously to live up to the expectations of balancing preventive social work with pedagogy in a satisfactory way.The purpose of this essay is to get a picture of priorities of social work in school. I want to know what it is that affects and controls the principal's decision about what kind of social project they will accept and be a part of.This essay shows that only one of the eleven principals interviewed apply projects based on evidence when they decide about participation in a social project. Instead, the decisions are based on references from other schools. The reason why the principals do not base their judgement on projects which are based on evidence is because they consider the search for results too time consuming.When there is no requirement that a certain part of the social work in a school must be based on evidence, it leads to the children taking part in different social projects which we can not guarantee are good for them.One solution can be to guide the principals through a national social teachingplan, which can assure that social work based on evidence are being applied in the municipality schools as well as the independent schools..

This study aim to explore how the conditions of an individual's childhood may affect their coping with trauma. The individuals represented in this study, for the purpose to explore coping with trauma, are individuals grown up under insufficient childhood conditions. This study is based on the assumption that childhood conditions, are a factor of influence on coping with trauma, in a greater extent than it is understood and given credit for in todays society. Our result shows that there is an obvious correlation between insufficient childhood conditions and destructive coping with trauma. There is a need of larger general awareness that an individuals resources for coping with trauma is affected by the conditions growing up.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious postoperative complication and nurses should therefore observe symptoms in an early stage and implement preventive provisions, for example use of graduated compression stockings (GCS). The nurse is also responsible for making sure that ordinate GCS tried and used correctly by the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest research regarding the efficacy of GCS in prevention of postoperative DVT and if there are any incorrectness in usage. And assess guidelines and recommendations for the usage of GCS. Method: Literature review.

The purpose of this essay is to draw attention to a rather new phenomena, virtual bullying amongst young people. Bullying has been known for a long time but today, bullying has found new ways of expression. New technology, which includes the Internet and cell phones, has given the bullies new weapons to use in their bullying.The study I have done has been qualitative and contained interviews. Represents from two communities, Playahead and LunarStorm, and two organisations, BRIS and Friends, all together five persons (two persons from LunarStorm) have been interviewed and had the opportunity to tell me their view on virtual bullying.The results show that young people see the new technologies as a valuable prolongation of their reality that they won?t give up if they don?t need to.

De svenska nationalparkerna har tillkommit under ungefär 100 år, etthundra år av skiftande tid och samhällsförändringar. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att göra en periodisering av nationalparksbildandet i Sverige och se vad denna periodisering har för olika orsaker i samhällslivet. Sex olika perioder har kunnat urskiljas som har sin grund i industrialisering, depression, folkhemsbygge, lagstiftning kring kulturminnesvård, hembygdsrörelsens utbyggnad och miljövård. Nationalparken Haparanda Sandskär har använts som belysande exempel på hur en nationalpark bildas och som ett exempel ur den senaste perioden..

Syfte. Projektets syfte var att utvärdera två smärtteam, Odontologiska smärtgruppen vid Odontologiska fakulteten, Malmö Högskola och Referensgruppen för långvarig Orofacial Smärta (ROS), Kalmar, gällande arbetssätt samt undersöka patienternas behandlingsresultat och upplevelser av kontakten med respektive smärtteam. Material och metod. Samtliga patienter från Odontologiska smärtgruppen de senaste två åren och ROS de senaste tre åren fick en enkät tillsänd. Femton respektive tretton patienter svarade (67 %).

People with dementia often have difficulties expressing their needs. Untreated pain within this group can be manifested as depression, agitation or loss in appetite. It can be a challenging task for a nurse to estimate, treat and evaluate pain for people with dementia. With good knowledge and an empathic approach, nurses can often recognize and relieve pain amongst these people. Despite this, litterature often suggest that unrecognized and untreated pain is common within this group..