Does playing have to hurt? - A quantitative study of ergonomics and double bass playing. This is a paper about ergonomics and double bass playing. I have studied the prevalence of playing-related pain in professional double bass players, teachers and students. This study is based on a questionnaire with 11 questions about double bass playing and pain.

As a small and land scarce country, effective waste management is ofoutmost importance in Singapore. In this study the production of biogasthrough anaerobic digestion from the organic fraction of municipal solidwaste (OFMSW) was compared to incineration of the waste. At the momentalmost all of the OFMSW in Singapore is incinerated. Three differentscenarios were compared to the reference scenario (incineration): one with alarge scale biogas plant that can treat half of all OFMSW in Singapore, onewith a medium scale biogas plant about 15 times smaller than the large oneand one with a small scale biogas plant that can treat waste from e.g. ashopping center or a food center.By using life cycle assessment (LCA) the different scenarios were comparedin terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication,energy use and land use.

Sveriges missbruksproblematik är idag avsevärd och växande. Studier och utredningar har visat att allt fler individer undviker att söka hjälp för missbruksproblem. Det uppfattas inte bara finnas hinder för att blir missbruksfri utan också för att söka hjälp inom missbruksvården. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur behandlare inom olika verksamheter uppfattar att substansmissbruk utvecklas och vilka hinder som uppstår i behandlingsprocessen. Syftet var även att undersöka hur det i Sverige idag arbetas för att motverka substansmissbruk.

Bakgrund: Studier visar att trycksa?r a?r ett stort problem eftersom det pa?verkar patienterna da? det inneba?r ett lidande och dessutom kostar det samha?llet mycket pengar. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva upplevelser hos patienter med trycksa?r med avseende pa? trycksa?rets uppkomst, hur det dagliga livet pa?verkas samt deras syn pa? hur trycksa?ret skulle kunna ha fo?rebyggts.Metod: Kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer anva?ndes. A?tta informanter med trycksa?rskategori 2-4 valdes ut genom ett bekva?mlighetsurval pa? ett universitetssjukhus i mellansverige under ho?sten 2013.

Dog bites pose a threat to public health globally and can lead to infection, disfigurement, incapacity, post-traumatic stress syndrome and even death. In geographical areas where rabies is endemic, bites from infected dogs account for over 90% of the human rabies cases. Children have been proven to be at a greater risk of being bitten by dogs and subsequently contracting rabies than adults. In this cross-sectional study, a school survey was undertaken in association with a rabies awareness campaign in India, to investigate the dog bite incidence and various risk factors associated with dog bites as well as assessing the knowledge of safe interaction with dogs among children in the age group 10-18 years. A total of 1295 questionnaires were collected. 43.2 % (n=556) out of the respondents were boys and 56.8 % (n=731) were girls with a mean age of 14 years.

För att erbjuda insatser till utsatta barn och familjer som lever i en riskutsatt miljö startades hösten 2007 samverkansprojektet Tummen i Karlstad kommun. Projektet ska nu utvärderas och denna uppsats är en del i denna utvärdering.Syftet är att studera i vilken utsträckning personalen i Förskoleteamet Tummen har rapporterat olika typer av enskild respektive överlappande problematik för de barn och familjer som aktualiserats hos teamet. Vidare att utifrån rapporterad problematik studera val av insats hos teamet och personalens uppfattning om familjens behov av fortsatt stöd efter avslutad insats.Undersökningen är kvantitativ och bygger på utvärderingsmallar, som har fyllts i av Förskoleteamets personal vid varje aktualisering, totalt 125 stycken.Studien visar att de vanligaste rapporterade svårigheterna hos barnet är aggressivitet och samspelssvårigheter. Inåtagerande problematik rapporteras däremot i liten grad. Vidare framkommer att två- eller flerspråkiga familjer generellt sett rapporteras ha fler svårigheter än enbart svenskspråkiga.

Introduction: In January 2005, a nationwide mandatory bicycle helmet law for children under the age of 15 was introduced in Sweden. In the current study, the effect of this law was evaluated by analyzing national trends in hospital admissions due to bicycle-related head injuries during the period 1998-2011.Methods: An interrupted time-series design with segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate the intervention effect on head injuries as a percentage of all injuries (%HI) among cyclists in age- and sex-specific groups. Effect was measured as a change in level and/or slope of the trend at the time of legislation.Results: A total of 35261 cyclists (0-54 years) were hospitalized due to a bicycle injury during the study period. Linear regression analyses of the entire study period (not segmented) showed significant year-to-year decreases in the %HI of 1.3-1.7% in all age and sex-specific groups (p < .0001). Results from the segmented regression analysis showed that, at the time of legislation, a significant drop in level occurred among males under 15 years (-4.5% [95% CI: -7.7% to -1.3%], p = .01) and a significant change in slope occurred among females aged 30-54 years (-1.6% [95% CI: -2.9% to -0.2%], p = .025).Conclusions: The law seems to have had an effect on males in the target population (<15 years).

Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

I samband med att den pensionerade kvarterspolisen Eddy Christensson avlider i september i år, sätts en insamling ingång med pengar till en begravningskrans. Kort därefter startas en sida upp på Facebook för att hedra hans minne. Medlemmarna blir snabbt många och inläggen vittnar om en saknad och mycket omtyckt polisman. Initiativet kommer från ungdomar uppvuxna i Bergsjön. Vi förstod då att Eddy Christensson gjort ett stort intryck genom sitt arbete som polis i stadsdelen.

Introduction: We are facing an aging population, which means that the incidence of age related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, are expected to increase. In the current situation there is no cure for the disease, whereupon it is important to develop preventive strategies. Objective: To examine the association between Alzheimer's disease and physical activity. Method: A systematic literature search was done to identify the current state of knowledge from the year 2006 onwards. The reason for this limitation was that the SBU commissioned a systematic literature review in 2006, where the relationship between physical activity and Alzheimer's disease could not be determined.

The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of how secondary schools handle the different forms of bullying in different arenas. The questions we were asking us was how schools work to prevent and treat against bullying based on plans of action, how the schools are responsible in the bullying issues and how the schools and welfare officers have taken account of sex linkage in bullying issues. Our study is based on the result from seven qualitative semi- structured interviews with secondary school welfare officers in Sweden.  The study results show that traditional form of bullying takes place through verbal assault, physical violence, ostracism and glances. Welfare officers coincide that there are gender differences in the approach of bullying.

Att dokumentera omvårdnad på ett omsorgsfullt sätt har en avgörande betydelse för omvårdnadens kvalitet, för utveckling av omvårdnad samt är en grund för kvalitetsutveckling inom omvårdnad. Det är sjuksköterskans skyldighet att föra en patientjournal, vilken ska innehålla observation, bedömning (omvårdnadsanamnes, status, mål), omvårdnadsdiagnostik, omvårdnadsordination, planering, genomförande och utvärdering av patientens omvårdnad. Omvårdnadsdokumentationen ska främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom, återställa hälsa samt lindra lidande. Den bör också garantera att patientens värdighet inte i något avseende kränks. Genom att sjuksköterskans dokumentation avspeglar patientens väsen och innersta önskningar om hur denne vill bli vårdad kan man lindra patientens vårdlidande.

I Sverige finns cirka 60 tjejjourer som ideellt arbetar för att stötta och stärka unga kvinnor vars psykiska ohälsa fortsätter att öka. Statistiskt sett så finns klara samband mellan den psykiska ohälsan bland flickor i Sverige och orsak till varför de stödsökande hör av sig till tjejjourerna och andra ideella organisationer. Syftet med studien var att beskriva vad jourerna gör för att förbättra den psykiska ohälsan bland flickor samt att beskriva faktorer som påverkar det ideella arbetet på tjejjourerna enligt de aktiva medlemmarna. En kvalitativ intervjustudie användes som metod. Sju intervjuer genomfördes på aktiva medlemmar på olika tjejjourer och analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys.

The purpose of this thesis was to study how an internationalization process to China may appear for a small Swedish enterprise and to identify important factors that may be essential for the process. The focus extends from the point where the enterprise makes its first connection with China up to the point where they are well established. Their business is up and running and they have begun production. To gain a deeper understanding of the subject a gathering of existing theory and research articles was conducted. The gathering of theory yielded knowledge of different approaches and methods that can be used to implement internationalization and provided a greater understanding of cultural and regional differences in China compared to Sweden.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundHudcancer a?r en av Sveriges vanligaste cancerformer. Omkring 50 000 ma?nniskor insjuknar varje a?r i de tre olika hudcancerformerna basalcellscancer, skivepitelcancer och malignt melanom. Forskning har konstaterat att hudcancer a?r en av de mest o?kande cancerformerna i Sverige samt att tidig diagnos a?r viktigt fo?r o?verlevnadsmo?jligheterna.