AbstractThe European union experience sometimes difficulties in advancing its work due to the member states? different ambitions and interests. The budget is one common tool that the member states can use in order to implement different policies according to their preferences. A large share of the budget is presently tied up in the CAP, the common agricultural policy. This share could be spent in another area and by doing so the EU could take a slightly different direction.

The European Union has been working to promote equality between women and men for a long time. Despite this, Sweden still have a gender segregated labor market where men generally has the leading positions. According to European law the member states shall promote gender equality and to take all appropriate measures. Statutory gender quotas for company boards is one such measure that some of the European member states have implemented in national law. The Swedish law has no provisions governing gender quotas and therefore the purpose of this study is to explain how gender quotas for company boards relate to current law, both of European law and national legislation.

Every year the Swedish gambling monopoly serves as a significant source of income for the government. This income is later distributed by the government on various areas for the common good. The question is wheather the state is allowed to preserve this lucrativemarket for itself by any means necessary. Also is it enough to claim that the monopoly exists to protect the citizens, and thus escaping the conditions of EC-law, and its struggle to harmonize trade between the member states? This thesis describes the Swedish gambling monopoly and its relationship with EC-law.

The aim of this paper is to explain how the European Union?s common strategy for theCommon Foreign- and Security Policy (CFSP) will change with the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon. A comparative case study and qualitative method is used. On the basis of Smith?s theory of institutionalization we will analyze two member states: France and Denmark.

This bachelor?s thesis aims to examine how the ?New Pact on Migration and Asylum? construct the discourse on ?sustainable migration? and ?efficiency? in the European Union. The new jurisprudence concerning migration and asylum in the European Union seeks to establish a more ?fair, efficient and sustainable migration and asylum system?. To analyze the discourses, a critical discourse analysis is applied to the former asylum regulation, Dublin regulation III, a revised and withdrawn proposal, Dublin regulation IV, and future legislation.

Minoritetsgrupper som exempelvis homosexuella får allt större utrymme i dagens massmedier. Uttalat homosexuella personer förekommer i såväl TV som tidningar och filmer och har blivit en självklar om än omdiskuterad del av medieflödet. Med detta som utgångspunkt syftar den här uppsatsen till att genom en kvalitativ näranalys utröna huruvida homosexualitet även kommer till uttryck i reklam. Vi valde att studera och jämföra reklambilder ur två av Sveriges största månadstidningar med heterosexuell målgrupp. Efter att ha studerat och analyserat vårt material drog vi slutsatsen att homosexualitet sällan eller aldrig uttrycks i reklam i tidningar med heterosexuell läsekrets.

In the United States, see recommendations for cardiac safety of sports arenas but also to health and fitness facilities. However, this does not exist in Sweden today. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the health- and fitness facilities today are equipped with respect to cardiac safety and specifically relating to preparedness for cardiac arrest. Method: Quantitative data are collected and compiled with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 19 questions in total.

Our project is meant to produce a generic medicine for stomach ulcers and heartburns. As Astra Zeneca's patent on Nexium expires in the United states in 2012, our clients wants to take advantage of the market and with using the same active substance as Nexium contains we want to produce a new generic drug, that we named Bluezec..

North Korea is considered to be the most autocratic dictatorship in the world today. Its citizens are denied their most basic human rights and North Koreas ambition to pursue nuclear weapons is looked upon with great fear from the international community and the US in particular. Some experts say that the threat from North Korea is far greater than the one possessed by Saddam Hussein. Although North Korea seems to inhabit all the necessary criteria for an US military intervention the United States has openly declared its diplomatic ambitions with the state. Why?With the use of realist and social construction theory this study will bring clarity to why the United States prefers diplomacy instead of a military intervention.

This study examines whether the policy breadth and the alternatives in European politics affect variations in voter turnout between member states in elections to the European Union Parliament.The theoretical approach assumes that; a larger political polarization, an increase in EU-skeptical parties and a greater voting mobilization among groups with less means results in higher voter turnout figures. The study also consider four other variables; whether the election is held on weekends or weekdays, whether elections coincide with other national elections, whether a country has held the presidential of the EU during or the immediate term prior to the election and finally the turnout figures from national elections.The research design is based upon a quantitative analysis using data from EP elections, national elections and databases from the European Elections Studies (EES). Study unit is twelve member-state countries and their four latest EP elections (1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009). The selected member-states origin from the EU-15 excluding Belgium, Greece and Luxembourg due to their compulsory voting laws.The study found relationships between higher turnout figures in EP-elections and increase in EU-skeptical parties, greater mobilization among groups with less means, elections held on weekends, elections coinciding with other, national elections and an increase in voter figures in national elections..

Sverige har under många år haft problem med hög arbetslöshet och ett lågt arbetskraftsdeltagande. Denna uppsats syftar till att utreda sambandet mellan skattereduktioner på förvärvsinkomst och arbetskraftsdeltagande. Uppsatsen avgränsas till att behandla den extensiva marginalen, hur många nya personer som träder in i arbetskraften. En grundlig genomgång om jobbskatteavdragets uppbyggnad och syfte genomförs samt hur individer påverkas av att stå utanför arbetskraften. Utifrån teori och tidigare empiriska studier konstateras det att jobbskatteavdraget högst troligt påverkar arbetskraftsutbudet i form av att reallönen stiger och fler individer väljer att delta i arbetskraften.

The Arctic region is rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, minerals and fish. Climate change causes the Arctic ice melt, making resource extraction possible as well as opening up new transport routes through the Northwest Passage and the Northeast Passage. This has led to competition and cross-border strife among the Arctic States. The two largest states in the Arctic are Russia and Canada, which are also members of the Arctic Council. Russia and Canada are at the moment involved in several disputes regarding the Arctic territory where the ownership of the North Pole is one example.

A cars powertrain consists of everything that is needed for its propulsion. The components in the driveline that transfer the power from the engine to the driven wheels are not absolutely stiff, hence they will wind up due to the torque and act as torsion springs. If you suddenly demand a bigger torque by stepping on the accelerator pedal, a so called tip in manoeuvre, and that torque is acquired from the engine as quickly as possible, the driveline will not be able to transfer that fast torque change due to its weakness and as a result it will start to oscillate. These oscillations will be transferred to the driven wheels and make the car to accelerate jerkily which will be experienced as uncomfortable by the passengers. Furthermore, there is a backlash in the driveline that will make the weakness in the driveline even more excited than it should have been if the backlash did not existed.To avoid too big problems with these oscillations there is a control system that controls the demanded torque.

Enligt doktrinen skall Försvarsmaktens agerande utgå från manövertänkande och ledningsmetodenskall vara uppdragstaktik vilket skall genomsyra all ledning. Verksamhetsledningen iFörsvarsmakten är de facto en förvaltningsmyndighet och kraven på en sådan skiljer sig frånkraven på en insatsledning. Innebär denna vardagsmiljö att vi riskerar skapa en förvaltarkulturmed de metoder som tillämpas? Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vad tillämpningen ivardagen av den uttryckta ledningsmetoden innebär för förmågan i våra insatsförband att leva upptill manövertänkande samt att leda och bli ledda enligt den valda ledningsmetoden,uppdragstaktik.De viktigaste slutsatserna är att vi inte skapar den avsedda förmågan utan en förmåga anpassad tillpågående insatser och verksamhetsledningen. Förmågan kommer också på sikt att urholkas genomatt det blir mindre tid över för oss att vara soldater då administration och ekonomiuppföljning tarmer utrymme..

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze how and why Scandinavian-American history has been used in exhibitions in both Scandinavia and the United States after the end of the Great Migration. More specifically, the thesis deals with the Swedish and American exhibitions of the controversial Kensington Rune Stone, discovered in Minnesota in 1898. Despite the fact that its authenticity has been disputed by academic expertise, it has been displayed by many prominent actors. The Rune Stone is one of many purportedly pre-Columbian artifacts found in the United States. Moreover, it is an identity marker, harboring many kinds of identity constructions. The thesis therefore focuses on the meanings that the Rune Stone has been charged with since its discovery, as historical culture and in specific exhibits, on how it has been displayed, and on why it has been exhibited at  national museums in both Sweden and the United States. The principal source materials are five exhibitions of the Kensington Rune Stone.