Durban, South Africa?s third-largest city is a socially segregated post apartheid society, struggling with high unemployment and AIDS. The city becomes even more complex with a changing climate, creating an influx of people to the city, putting scarce resources under further stress. Warwick Junction, an important transport hub in the centre of Durban, holds a large site of informal trading alongside the formal markets. This informal sector generates large financial flows and provides for a rapidly growing population. The aim of this thesis is to develop an approach that is realistic and relevant to planning and design of an urban context in South Africa.

Vårt syfte med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur EU kan skapa eller vidmakthålla en gemensam identitet för hela unionen. Detta gjordes utifrån antagandet att en sådan EU-identitet är en form av kollektiv identitet och formas i ett föränderligt samhälle. Undersökningen gjordes i form av en litteraturstudie kring de tre begreppen kollektiv identitet, nationell identitet samt organisationsidentitet. Det kollektiva identitetsskapandet studerades mot bakgrunden av ett föränderligt samhälle, där kollektiv identitet ses som en förutsättning för gruppers och samhällens fortlevnad och skapas i sociala sammanhang.I bearbetningen av materialet försökte vi dra paralleller mellan EU:s åtgärder för att skapa eller vidmakthålla EU-identiteten samt de åtgärder som traditionellt används på nationell- respektive organisationsnivå. Nationella identiteter skapas via uppifrån styrda projekt med statsmakten som initiativtagare.

De skandinaviska länderna uppvisar stora ekonomiska och politiska likheter, inte minst vad gäller relationerna mellan staten och arbetsmarknadens parter samt utformningen av arbets­marknadens instit­utioner. Av detta skäl brukar det ofta talas om en nordisk eller skandinavisk modell inom den komp­arativa arbetsmarknads­forskningen (Kvist, 2009:5). Men det finns även tydliga instituti­onella skillnader mellan län­dernas arbetsmarknadsmodeller, både vad gäller passiv respektive aktiv arbets­marknads­politik samt utformning av anställ­nings­skyddet. Dessa institutioner ut­gör i sin tur  tre av bestånds­delarna i den danska flexicuritymodellen, som ofta framställs som ett för­e­döme i den svenska ekon­omisk-politiska debatten om hur ungdomsarbetslösheten ska pressas ned till lägre nivåer än idag (Karlsson & Lindberg, 2008:63 f; Kvist, 2009:5).I denna uppsats studerar författaren hur utformningen av det flexibla anställningsskyddet och den generösa arbets­lös­hetsersättningen i den danska flexicuritymodellen skiljer sig från de instituti­onella mot­­­svar­igheterna i de övriga skandinaviska länderna. Vidare diskuterar författaren vilka effekter skill­naderna i utformningen av dessa kan tänkas ha på ung­doms­arbetslöshetens nivåer och samman­sättning i res­pektive land, utifrån resultat från logistisk regressionsanalys och jäm­förelser mellan arbetslösheten i ol­ika åldersgrupper i de undersökta länderna.

AbstractAccording to research made by Statistics Sweden on the members of the labor union IF Metall the number of reported musculoskeletal disorders for employees working under the collective bargaining agreement for the automotive industry has almost doubled since 2003. During 2004- 2006 and 2008 male assembly workers were the occupational group with the highest amount of reported work related disorders in Sweden. To prevent musculoskeletal disorders is according to Rose and Orrenius important both for the individual, the society and the industry by reducing economic and personal costs. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze how the manufacturing industry is affected by musculoskeletal disorders that occur when working with line assembly and how companies can prevent them. The report aims to provide the reader with an understanding of what musculoskeletal disorders are, to which extent they occur in assembly, how companies are directed by laws and regulations and how they affect the Swedish manufacturing industry and their employees.

Africa is one of the regions most affected by climate change. However its forests are important carbon sinks for the whole world, and if recognised as a global public good, could be conserved and contribute to green house gas emission reductions. A global mechanism, Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation(REDD+) aims to help developing countries in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhancement of carbon stocks. REDD+ strategies may, however exclude local forest dependent communities from forests in order to conserve and maximise carbon stocks, thus having a severe impact on local livelihoods. Therefore, how local communities can participate and share benefits from REDD+ is a key concern.This study investigates how three forest dependent communities in the Nazinon forest, in Southwest Burkina Faso could financially benefit from a REDD+ project.

The Swedish commercial real estate market is in the current situation globally affected and is actively interacting with the rental and capital markets through international tenants and investors who are setting new demands on the property owners. The European Union has set new requirements as well in purpose of reducing humanity?s negative effect on the climate and therefore the international real estate market has introduced Green Building-certificates in order to decrease the real estate industry?s environmental impact.Certificated buildings with low energy consumption are a more common sight in Sweden these days. The development, however, could go even faster if there was not certain difficulties between property owners and tenants. Previous research has revealed that tenants do not always have knowledge about, or may have access to the economic benefits that a green building can provide.

The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) aims toenhance and standardize sustainability reporting to support the green transition. While the public sector is expected to lead in sustainability, the application of CSRD within Swedish municipalities is fragmented. Many municipally owned companies fall below reporting thresholds individually, creating a transparency gap despite the municipal group often exceeding these thresholds collectively. This discrepancy raises moral and strategic questions regarding public accountability and the effective utilization of the framework. This thesis investigates the rationale for the proactive adoption of CSRD principles bySwedish municipalities, irrespective of formal legal requirements.

The aim of my study is to answer the question whether there is a potential for services by working horses in the Swedish municipalities. The Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Swedish Farmers Union (LRF) has started a cooperation called Climate School (Klimatskolan), with the purpose to increase knowledge in environmental and climate related issues in context of agriculture. This Master thesis is in the framework of the Climate School.Global warming is a problem that gets much attention today. Global warming and climate change are two subjects that are very much in focus on the political agenda. The municipalities of Sweden have a big responsibility concerning environmental work and to develop their own environmental thinking.

Parallel import in the European Union is the perfectly legal activity under Art. 28-30 EC of buying goods in a low-price country in order to ship and sell them in a high-price country. The pharmaceutical market in Europe is subject to the subsidiartiy principle of Art. 5 EC and heavily characterised by national regulations that lead to significant price differentials between – generally speaking – Northern and Southern Europe. This incites the activity of parallel traders in the first place, who act as arbitrageurs.

Parallel import in the European Union is the perfectly legal activity under Art. 28-30 EC of buying goods in a low-price country in order to ship and sell them in a high-price country. The pharmaceutical market in Europe is subject to the subsidiartiy principle of Art. 5 EC and heavily characterised by national regulations that lead to significant price differentials between ? generally speaking ? Northern and Southern Europe.

Denna magisteruppsats, skriven för Stockholms universitets magisterkurs i historia som ett led iFörsvarshögskolans chefsprogram, har som syfte att beskriva och diskutera svensk luftoperativkrigsplanering 1958-1966 utifrån ett doktrinbegrepp. Någon uttalad luftoperativ doktrin fanns intevid denna tid varför denna får rekonstrueras utifrån en metod där ett antal faktorer beskrivs.Exempel på dessa är högre säkerhetspolitiska och militärstrategiska nivåer, lägre taktiska nivåer,upplevd hotbild, ledning, flygvapnets krigsplanläggning, samverkan med andra försvarsgrenar ochutveckling av nya vapensystem. Källmaterialet består i huvudsak av flygstabens hemliga arkivfrån samma år, vilket inte har studerats tidigare utifrån ett liknande syfte. Vidare problematiserasdoktrinutvecklingen genom att den även diskuteras utifrån olika perspektiv vars värde för ökadförståelse prövas.De konkreta frågeställningarna lyder:- Hur kan flygvapnets luftoperativa doktrinutveckling 1958-1966 beskrivas?- I vilken mån kan denna doktrinutveckling förstås utifrån rationalistiskt respektiveorganisatoriskt synsätt?Utifrån det överordnade säkerhetspolitiska ställningstagandet om alliansfrihet följde ett relativtstarkt försvar och den så kallade svenska linjen.

Shelters and Nuclear weaponsA discourse analysis of the Swedish defense and civil defense debate during the Cold warSweden during the Cold War set into motion one of the world?slargest civil defense policies at the time, second only to neutral Switzerland. The governments expenditure was far greater per capita than both that of USA and Soviet Union and included massive evacuation plans for Stockholm and other large cities in Sweden, with the hopeful expectation to bring down the amount of people in each of them to 15000 in case of a foreign hostile nuclear attack. The policies included construction of shelters with room for 2,5 million of about 7 million citizens in total at the time along with gasmasks for the whole population. Not only this, Sweden was considered one of the biggest military powers of that time in relation to its size and population.

The Republic of Moldova, situated in eastern Europe and a former part of the Soviet Union, is now experiencing a phase of transition in both society and landscape. They have hardly any fossil depots and are currently dependent on Russian gas, with 97% of their energy needs imported. The new elected government wants to move towards the EU and this is generally seen as the way to grow and reduce poverty. Security in the energy sector is important and one tool is to increase the use of renewable energy sources. Through interviews, texts, and visits I have studied the implementation of renewable energies (RE) in Moldova through a society development perspective. The study has aimed to investigate the sociotechnical complexity of this subject and to discuss the potentials and way of dealing with the subject in the specific cultural context of Moldova.

Leopard (Panthera pardus) räknas som ett av de fem stora kattdjuren inom släktet Panthera, och är den art av de vilda kattdjuren som har störst geografisk spridning i världen. Med avstånd som sträcker sig från Afrika i väst och delar av Ryssland i öst, är det inte så konstigt att flera skilda underarter uppstått. Som helhet är arten leopard klassad som nära hotad av IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, men flera av dess nio underarter är starkt eller akut hotade. Genom litteraturstudier och statusrapporter från IUCN ges i denna undersökning en kort sammanfattning av hur distributionen av leopardens underarter ser ut i världen, samt vad som utgör deras största hot mot en fortsatt överlevnad. Generellt sett har leoparden många egenskaper som talar för en positiv framtid.

This essay examines the Swedish missionary association Bible Faithful Friends? (Bibeltrogna Vänner, BV) ecclesiological development between the years 1911 ? 1986 and their relation to the Church of Sweden. This essay?s three main questions are:- How did the ecclesiology of BV develop during the years 1911 ? 1986, with certain focus on 1967-1986?- In what way was this ecclesiology imprinted bya) the structure of the missionary association?b) and the ecclesiological standpoint of the leader Axel B. Svensson?As regards the first question, the study shows that BV's ecclesiology, particularly in the years 1967 ? 1986, is characterized by a church debate between BV's board and the promoters and founders of the Lutheran Confessional Church (Lutherska Bekännelsekyrkan, LBK).