During the last years, the importance of sourcing in firms has increased. Globalization, fierce competition and an increased level of outsourcing are common explanations to why firms have highlighted the potential to realize savings and the value creation that the Purchasing department can generate. One trend that follows in parallel with globalization is an increased pressure from society on firms to take responsibility for the impact that its products and services have on the environment. This responsibility creates even more attention as outsourcing involves trade with suppliers in low wage countries, where the level of environmental and social responsibility is not always satisfying. The Purchasing department, the firm?s interface with suppliers should therefore, together with the firm?s Environmental department, play a key role in the firm?s contribution towards sustainable development.

This work focuses on the relation between human and animals and especially on the relation between horses and human. I have brought up the human och horse relationsship, today, and in history and wrote about the behaviour of the horse. Some older studies with human and animal interaction, including animals like dog and cattle are discussed. I have also discussed physiological parameters that might influence the bond and the interaction between human and horse and some critical aspects concerning the methodology when studying this kind of physiology. The purpose of the experimental study was to analyze if common management routines and grooming of horses increases horses interest in making contact with humans. Many horse owners feel that they have a good connection with their horse and factors that can influence the relationsship could be physical contact, feeding or some challange that make the horse trust the human.

AbstractObjective: To investigate the occurrence of and the risk factors for falls and to  investigate level of fall-related self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in people living in community living, 75 years or older within Uppsala and Västmanlands county. A further aim was to identify predictive risk factors for falls. Design: A cross-section study with a descriptive, comparative and correlative design based on a questionnaire was used. Participants: The participants were recruited from Uppsala and Västmanlands county. A random selection on 525 individuals was done, from a population based sample, in the detailed municipalities.

SAMMANFATTNINGIntroduktion: Statistiska centrabyrån (SBC) prognostiserar en växande andel utlandsfödda bland Sveriges befolkning. Detta medför en ökad kulturell mångfald i det svenska samhället och därmed fler tvärkulturella möten inom vården. Denna studie sökte att utforska primärvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser av möten med patienter från utomskandinaviska kulturer, vilka svårigheter de kan stöta på samt vilka aspekter de upplever som viktiga vid vårdandet av dessa patienter.Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med deskriptiv design. Åtta primärvårdssjuksköterskor som arbetar på olika vårdcentraler i Stockholmsområdet och som har erfarenhet av kontakt med patienter från andra kulturer än den skandinaviska intervjuades med en semi-strukturerad intervjuguide. Innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim & Lundman användes för att analysera data.Resultat: Primärvårdssjuksköterskor upplever dessa möten som spännande, utmanande och lärorika.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a large public health problem that foremost affects both women and children, nationally and globally. Several accessible reports about IPV and education for staff that in their occupation can meet battered people shows the importance of increased education for several occupational groups to decrease the large number of unrecorded cases.Purpose: The study explored how six occupational groups, in the municipality of Kungälv, related to IPV in their professions, were influenced by whether they had education in IPV or not.Method: We chose a quantitative approach, a cross sectional study. A questionnaire was constructed and handed out to 156 participations. The occupational groups were a section in a hospital, the police, the home care services, an elementary school, a pre-school and the public dental care. The answer frequency was 86 %.

The economic development and industrialization that has taken place in many parts of the world during the past century has brought about a huge increase in economic welfare. During this process, it has repeatedly been debated whether the gains from economic development are shared by everyone or just a few. In the field of economics, vast research has been conducted on this particular subject ever since the 1950?s. The most famous contribution might be said to be Simon Kuznets article, Growth and Income Inequality from 1955 and the ?inverted U?-hypothesis that was formulated on the basis of that article.

The economic development and industrialization that has taken place in many parts of the world during the past century has brought about a huge increase in economic welfare. During this process, it has repeatedly been debated whether the gains from economic development are shared by everyone or just a few. In the field of economics, vast research has been conducted on this particular subject ever since the 1950?s. The most famous contribution might be said to be Simon Kuznets article, Growth and Income Inequality from 1955 and the ?inverted U?-hypothesis that was formulated on the basis of that article.

AbstractObjective: To investigate the occurrence of and the risk factors for falls and to  investigate level of fall-related self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in people living in community living, 75 years or older within Uppsala and Västmanlands county. A further aim was to identify predictive risk factors for falls. Design: A cross-section study with a descriptive, comparative and correlative design based on a questionnaire was used. Participants: The participants were recruited from Uppsala and Västmanlands county. A random selection on 525 individuals was done, from a population based sample, in the detailed municipalities.

Stockholms vattenskärning AB in Kungsängen has through the acquisition of a company begun to design and produce aircraft heaters whose origin is early 1970s which follows a high inefficiency in terms of energy consumption and size.The aircraft heater, which is sold worldwide, serves its purpose for customer satisfaction and has done so ever since it was developed in the 70s.Stockholms vattenskärning AB is now investigating the possibility in making the aircraft heaters more efficient, both in terms of energy consumption but also on a more efficient design with the belief that it would lead them to an edge in the market. The aircraft heater consists of several main components whose function altogether is to keep passenger aircrafts warm while they are on the ground.This project has been limited to the further development of the heat exchanger package which accounts for the conversion of the hot medium to the fresh air being carried in to the aircraft cabin. Work has been divided into different phases in order to create a better understanding of the project range and to make it easier to divide the various elements in the time available, 10 weeks. These phases are literature review, situation analysis, concept generation, CAD, concept comparison and writing reports.After the initial literature review was made, a fundamental theory was written which is essential in understanding the remaining parts of the project.With the theoretical part as support, measurements and calculations were made on the current heat exchange package in a situation analysis to ensure its operation and efficiency.In the concept generation phase, the collected facts from the literature review was used as the basis for creating a matrix. The purpose of the matrix was to indicate the two most suitable types of heat exchangers to develop four new concepts out of.In the CAD phase the four concepts was drawn up and then described with text and images.The last phase is the concept comparison where a concept selection matrix is used to function as a decision basis for further production at Stockholms vattenskärning AB. The four concepts have been developed based on the current heat exchanger and is gradually changed into a design of a cross-flow heat exchanger constructed out of stainless sections. The purpose of this is to have gradual upgrading of the heat exchanger as an option, in order not to saturate the market..

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Is pricing a way to affect share of fruits and vegetables in a diet?Author: Maria PopovSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2013Background: Fruits and vegetables (FV) are important for health, including occurrence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Said diseases cause most cases of illness and death in high-income countries. Only a small part of the population achieves the FV-intake goal, so a higher FV-intake is desirable. Besides general information campaigns there is another method of influencing what people might buy.Objective: To examine whether different pricing is connected to FV-intake or ?purchase.Search strategy: Databases PubMed, Scopus and Summon were searched with ?vegetable consumption", "price/pricing policy" and "food choice? in different combinations.Selection criteria: Studies performed after year 2000 on at least 18 years old persons from North America, Europe or Australia, examining changes in FV-price and -purchase.

AbstractOur purpose for making this study is to study the implementation, the use of and the effects of Lean within our case objects.  We chose to make this thesis by case studies. The three themes mentioned above is also the main research questions that we aim to find an answer to by this study. We have chosen to do a cross section analysis where we conducted structured interviews to find answers to these questions. The theoretical reference frame consists partly of traditional theoreticians within Lean but also more recent research within the subject as well as theory specifically for Lean within the Health Care sector.The result of this study shows in all our case studies that the Management has been supporting the implementation, but that the implementation process proceeds faster if also the professionals are involved in the process.  To succeed with the implementation there is a great need for good reasons and strives that can benefit the professionals. By the use of Lean our case studies have evaluated its processes, with the main intentions being to reduce waste activities and to create flows with ?pull systems?.

My thesis is a combination of theory and practice, where theory is meant to create a context and a background for my interpretation proposal. I wanted to ?access? the ideas that are always in the background of the reasoning which underlies both planning in a larger scale, and the design of a place. I wanted to make a ?work of ideas.? In the process of shaping the proposal, I wanted to be deleted from the site itself.

En viktig faktor för människans förmåga att arbeta är hälsa. På arbetsplatsen tillbringar människan mer än en tredje del av sina liv, vilket gör arbetsplatsen till en betydande arena i skapandet av hälsa. Kommuner har som arbetsgivare i Sverige generellt en sämre hälsa samt högre sjukfrånvaro bland sina anställda än andra arbetsgivare. De som jobbar inom vård och omsorg har generellt dåliga psykosociala arbetsförhållanden. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i form av höga krav, bristande kontroll och dåligt socialt stöd kan påverka hälsan negativt, vilket kan öka rörligheten på arbetsmarknaden i form av att fler tenderar att byta jobb på grund av dåliga arbetsförhållanden.Syftet är att undersöka samband mellan självskattad psykosocial arbetsmiljö, självskattad hälsa och övervägandet att byta jobb bland kommunanställda inom äldre- och handikappomsorgen i Sverige.Studien har genomförts som en deduktiv tvärsnittsstudie och är en del av en störres studie.

Bakgrund och problemInköpare på företag har enligt flertalet forskare generellt fått en allt mer strategisk roll med vidgade arbetsuppgifter inom sitt företag. Fokus ligger på att identifiera och använda sig av de bäst lämpade leverantörerna. I konfektionsbranschen där friluftsklädföretag verkar är det viktigt att det finns goda bedömningsgrunder för att utvärdera sina leverantörer och mäta deras prestationer eftersom produkternas kvalitet och funktionalitet är avgörande för företagens framgång. Trots detta verkar det saknas den typen av bedömningsgrunder bland svenska friluftsklädföretag.SyfteAtt inom inköpsfunktionen hos svenska friluftsklädtillverkare studera om leverantörsbedömningar utförs samt identifiera bedömningsgrunder som används av inköparna på företagen för att analysera och utvärdera leverantörernas prestation.MetodEn kvalitativ studie med en abduktiv ansats har genomförts där tre friluftsklädföretag har varit de studerade objekten. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har författarna kombinerat sekundär- och primärdata i form av tidigare forskning med att utföra två telefonintervjuer och en personlig intervju med personer som är ansvariga för inköp och leverantörsbedömningar hos de berörda företagen, Haglöfs, Cross och Fjällräven.Resultat och slutsatserI analysen konstateras att referensramen endast till viss del överensstämmer med materialet som framkommit i empirin.

During the past few years a vast amount of research has been done to increase the understanding of the complex ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. Modelling and simulations are important tools to increase knowledge of the system. A suitable model must be simple to use and the parameters and variables needed in the model must be easy to access.In this paper a dynamical mass-balance model, CoastMab, which is validated for smaller coastal areas, has been used to predict concentrations and transports of phosphorus in three large coastal areas - the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Gdansk and the Gulf of Riga. CoastMab uses ordinary differential equations to regulate inflow, outflow and internal flows. To reflect seasonal variations in temperature and different types of flows the model has a temporal resolution of a month.