FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is the major form of certification system in Swedish forestry today and its more than 11 million hectares are covering almost half of the total productive forest area in the country. Its regulations prescribe that at least 10 wind firm trees should be left behind after every clear cutting operation. This study have taken place on 30 recently clearcut objects in Bergslagen, Sweden, were an inventory of the standing stock have been made. The research shows that, with 90 % security, the retained trees together contain 9-13 m3sk per hectare. Pine is the dominant tree and it covers more than half the numbers of retained trees and its volume cover 65 % of the retained trees total volume. Spruce is on second place with 30 % of the retained trees, but only 21 % of the standing stock.

Chapter 1. 1 § jordabalken (1970:994) defines property as land that includes area, which is divided into properties.A three-dimensional property must be firm with a closed volume where top and bottom are specified. The property boundaries are described clearly according to Chapter 4. § 27 fastighetsbildningslagen. A three-dimensional property can undermine a traditional property, as well as a three-dimensional property.

The production of oilseed rape is an important issue in Sweden and those who never have grown oilseed rape (OSR) are now willing to try. It is always a risk to grow oilseed rape, specially winter OSR, because of outwintering. This risk increases as you go north and therefore establishment and autumn growth is very important. These are some of the reasons that I have chosen to write about the establishment of winter oilseed rape in Middle Sweden. There are many factors that influence the outcome of the establishment, e. g.

Thesis purpose: The main purpose of this study is to empirically verify the applicability of Kozinets´ model on an interest, activity or lifestyle based online community, in order to develop an adaptive segmentation approach for segmenting online communities. Methodology: This research is deductive by nature, cross-sectional by design and undertakes a quantitative approach using self-completion questionnaire as a part of a web survey to collect the empirical data needed. Theoretical perspective: The main theories guiding our work and supporting the findings of this study include: market segmentation (descriptive and behavioural) and communities (consumer communities and online communities). Empirical data: A web survey with self-completion questionnaire used to gather empirical data from members of interest, activity or lifestyle based online communities. Conclusions: This study took the specific characteristics of online communities into more consideration than previous research and literature has done and also recognized that an adaptive segmentation approach is needed, depending on the communities of study.

Bakgrund: Att förebygga, bedöma och behandla smärta är centralt i anestesisjuksköterskans arbete. Barns upplevelser och uttryckssätt vid smärta skiljer sig mycket från vuxnas. Det är därför en stor utmaning för anestesisjuksköterskor att tolka barns uttryck och känslor för att förstå barnet och kunna erbjuda trygghet och smärtlindring. Forskning har visat att barns postoperativa smärta underbehandlas, trots att kunskaperna om barns smärta ökat. Genom att belysa anestesisjuksköterskans upplevelser kan förståelsen för vad som bidrar till en god respektive mindre god postoperativ smärtlindring av barn öka.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors erfarenheter i samband med postoperativ smärtlindring av barn.Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta anestesisjuksköterskor från ett svenskt länssjukhus i mellersta Norrland.  Insamlad data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys.Resultat: Utifrån analysen framkom tre kategorier och sju subkategorier.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes for longlasting sequelae, among themloss in cognitive function, like aphasia. Aphasia effects the patients ability to understandand express themselves in speaking and writing. To be able to reach a good level of care,the careproviders and patients ought to have the same goals and values. This requires agood communication between the careproviders and patients. Which can be problematicfor the caregivers when they don't feel secure in their way of getting close to these patients.Aim: The purpose of this study was to illuminate caregivers experience of caring forpatients with the diagnosis aphasia following stroke.Method: This is a literature study where nine studies, with qualitative design, has beenanalyzed and compiled.

This paper presents a study of Scandinavian Airlines? (SAS) frequent flyer program, EuroBonus. The study describes the transfer pricing of award seats between EuroBonus and the airlines within SAS. Furthermore, it aims to determine what effects market-based transfer pricing would have on EuroBonus, the airlines within SAS and consequently on the SAS Group. We have found that the existing transfer pricing does not provide incentives for the airlines within SAS to satisfy EuroBonus? demand for award seats.

For several years Uppsala University together with several companies has been involved in a WISENET project aimed at improving railway transport security. By placing a sensor system near the wheels of each wagon, the temperature of the bearings can be measured and transmitted to a collector placed centrally on the wagon. This in turn transmits the collected data to RFID receivers placed intermittently along the railway.As the signals are transmitted wirelessly, problems may occur as the antennas get dirty or coated with ice and snow. To determine the effects of these coatings, several tests were performed examining the reflection coefficient S11, the impedance Z11 and the efficiency eta of an antenna, and how they varied when various coatings were placed over the antenna. Examined coatings were ice, snow and water to determine the effects of weather, and various metal-based coatings: powdered iron both pure and partially oxidized, and iron ore granules.

Bakgrund: Ett flertal studier tycks visa på att kolhydratdryck under träning fördröjer tröttheten och många forskare hävdar att en kolhydrat- dryck kan öka prestationsförmågan. Det finns däremot få studier som har utvärderat om kolhydratdryck påverkar precisionen, endast Burke och Ekbloms studie från 1984 på tennisspelare har berört denna aspekt. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera huruvida dryck med kolhydrater påverkar en basketspelares precision jämfört med en dryck utan kolhydrater. Metod: En ABA?randomiserad, kontrollerad studie med cross over-design under två helt vanliga träningstillfällen utfördes.

I denna studie har vi undersökt hur 10 högstadiepojkar med utländsk bakgrund reflekterarkring sitt val av fotbollsprofil. Vi genomförde semi-strukturerade intervjuer och analyseraderesultatet utifrån Bourdieus begrepp habitus och kapital.Respondenterna i studien hade alla en utländsk bakgrund och majoriteten hade föräldrar sominte var födda i Europa. Nästan samtliga respondenter berättade att de bodde i segregeradeområden. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att respondenternas uttalade motiv till valet av att sökasig till och delta i fotbollsprofil under skoltid var bland annat för att de tyckte om att spelafotboll. Men även en annan faktor var att de via den utökade träningsmängden i skolan kundeförbättra sina förutsättningar att lyckas som fotbollsspelare.

This study is a statistical content analysis, of masters? theses written in 2005 at the Swedish School of Library and Information Studies in Borås. The relations between their epistemological discourses, theories, methods, themes and chosen alignment within the education, the so-called ?kollegium?/college, are examined. The results are put in relation to the concepts multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity to see what kind of discipline Library and Information Science (LIS) can be described as, on the basis of this material.

Att ta tillvara på de erfarenheter och kunskaper som genereras i enorganisation är något som, enligt oss, bör ses som en självklarhet. Vårt syftemed uppsatsen är att ge Siemens Enterprise and Communication AB (SEC)en teoretisk referensram på hur man gör detta, samt att vi som författareskaffar oss en djupare förståelse för detta problem.SEC är en ganska nybildad organisation då de för inte allt för längesedanbröt sig loss från kontoret i Köpenhamn och skapade ett eget kontor iMalmö. På grund av att deras organisation är så pass ny har SEC uttryckt ettintresse om vad teorin säger om erfarenhet och kunskap inom organisationer.Vi har intervjuat tre avdelningschefer på företaget för att få en bild av derasnuvarande arbete med kunskap och erfarenhet, samt vad de har förförhoppningar på framtida kunskaps- och erfarenhetshantering.Då vi tycker att Knowledge Management (KM) är den teori som liggerproblemet närmst om hjärtat är det utifrån den vi valt att bygga vår uppsatskring. Till hjälp har vi valt att använda en berättelse om hur det kunde ha gåtttill när SEC implementerar KM i sin organisation. Berättelsen hjälper till attbelysa problemområdet samtidigt som den avslöjar hur organisationen äruppbyggd.Uppsatsen kommer inte visa någon färdig mall för hur erfarenhets- ochkunskapshantering skall gå till utan tenderar snarare till att, med hjälp av ennarrativ ansats, lyfta fram de punkter som KM litteraturen håller somviktigast..

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to study how Catalans´ identifications, with respect to their city (Barcelona), their region (Catalonia), their country (Spain) and Europe, are related to each other. Furthermore it deals with whether they use cultural or civic notations when they speak of their identification with the different territorial levels.The thesis is based on a qualitative method with interviews with ten Catalans living in Barcelona, aged from 18 to 58. The result showed that Catalans´ identifications with different territorial levels vary in how they relate to each other. This variation can be classified using three models, namely; ?The Russian doll model? which implies that the identities are ranked hierarchically, ?cross-cutting? that is people can identify themselves with the different levels depending on various situations, and also ?The marble cake model? which means that the different identities are so intertwined that they cannot be separated.

This bachelor thesis discusses various difficulties with architectural paint research. The difficulties are exemplified through a case study ? a paint research on a furrowed string-course in the southern vault of the Royal Palace of Stockholm, which was carried out November ? March 2009-2010 on behalf of Statens Fastighetsverk. The paint research was made in order to receive information about the string-course and to get inspiration for a renewed color scheme on it. The base material of the string-course is Gotlandic sandstone and the surface of it is furrowed.

Sweden is the country that has got the largest amount of elderly in the adult population in the world. The physical activity level decreases as we grow old and we experience muscle mass loss and a bone density reduction. This leads to an increased risk for falls and subsequent fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an exercise program could affect muscle function and balance ability to prevent falls. 17 women (age 64-79) participated in this study and was assigned to a control group (n=7) and an intervention group (n=10).