In large organizations one can often find middle managers at several different levels within a company. Middle managers regularly experience their positions as complicated as they have both superiors as well as subordinates? to please. We have chosen to refer to this problem as ?the middle-management dilemma?.

How can we plan so that smallscale industry and businesses can become an integrated part of the city? The densifying process in search of new housing areas that is going on in most swedish cities threatens to undermine the diversity and complex make up of central parts of many cities. To sustain industrial activities in central locations is critical to this diversity. This thesis discusses how to reach a sustainable city planning with Bellevue, a small industry and business area in central Gothenburg, as an example..

AbstractTitle: Transparency within Public Relations ? A study about PR-companies understanding of opennessPages: 71Authors: Olof EhrsTutor: Virginia MeliánCourse: Media and Communication Studies, Bachelor Degree.Period: Autumn 2011.University: The Department of Journalism, Media and Communication, JMK,at Stockholm University.Background and aim: The PR-industry is continuing to grow in Sweden. The increase of working consultancies has made it more difficult to define what PR-activities really are in Sweden today. This exam reviews the presence and lack of transparency within the PR labour. The aim of the essay is to inspect the PR-companies relation to transparency and non-transparency.

Child health care in Sweden is today automatically informed of newborns in the district and itis therefore natural for the maternal and child health nurses to contact and invite the new family to the child welfare clinic. So far the social services in the studied county have not reported new adoptive families to the child welfare clinics; instead the families have to contact the clinic themselves. The aim of this study was to investigate how social services inform the child welfare clinics of new adoptive families. The aim was also to investigate how and when the maternal and child health nurse thinks that contact should be established and what information/knowledge she feels a need of in contact with new adoptive families. The study has a qualitative design and interviews have been conducted with social workers, a representative of an adoption agency and maternal and child health nurses working in child welfare clinics.

Farmed mink often perform stereotypic behaviours which is considered to be a sign of reduced welfare. Previous studies have shown that enriched cages can reduce the frequency of performed stereotypies. Most studies on mink in Sweden have been done on adults. The aim of this study was to investigate if larger enriched cages with two or four mink kits reduce stereotypies in mink kits during their growth period in comparison to traditional cages. In the present study the behaviours of mink kits that were kept in four different treatments at a private mink farm were recorded. Traditional cages with two mink kits were used as a reference and the other treatments consisted of larger cages with shelves with two kits, larger cages with shelves and a plastic cylinder with two kits, and larger cages with shelves with four kits.

Organizational change is hard to achieve, but if an organization doesn't change it might risk its own existence. Effective resource allocation and increased control of the internal production are examples of how organizations try to increase its competitive advantage. An ERP system (Enterprise Resource Planning) can help an organization to achieve this by providing management with direct access to a wealth of real-time operating information, streamlined dataflow, and making the company's business processes more effective. Like other IT-related projects, ERP investments are associated with large risks. Many projects failure during the implementation in one way or another.

Studien belyser fenomenet lågpresterande chefer i större organisationer.Den har två frågeställningar:A: Hur bör organisationer möta lågpresterande chefer?B: Hur möter organisationer lågpresterande chefer?A studeras i första hand teoretiskt genom den litteratur som finns i ämnet.B belyses genom egna intervjuer om erfarenheten hos några stora företag eller organisationer.Datainsamlingsmetoden har varit kvalitativa intervjuer och som analysinstrument har Hertzbergs version av Critical Incident-metoden använts.Litteraturstudien resulterade i följande hypoteser:? De chefer som lågpresterar i förhållande till de sex företagskulturella målen och inte heller klarar att leverera resultat är på väg att bli eller är redan uppsagda.? De chefer som lågpresterar på något av de sex målen gällande företagskultur men klarar att leverera resultat finns kvar inom organisationen och är då föremål för åtgärder som utbildning, omplacering eller liknande.? Organisationers förväntningar på en chef är samstämmiga med de sex egenskaperna gällande företagskultur som den goda ledaren ska ha för att anses vara en god ledare samt en sjunde förväntan om kompetens och förmåga att leverera resultat. De brister som jag kommer att finna kommer att beröra eller gälla någon av dessa sju.Utifrån intervjustudien kunde bara den sista hypotesen bekräftas.Intervjustudien gav flera intressanta svar på hur organisationer möter lågpresterande chefer. Bland annat såg man Rekrytering, Utbildning/coachning och Omplacering som viktiga strategier för att undvika lågpresterande chefer. När det gäller förändringar på sikt sågs möjligheten att få bort prestigen med chefsjobb som en viktig del samt att alla chefsjobb borde vara på 3-årsperioder.

There is an irregularity in the interregional migration in Sweden. An increasing proportion ofthe population is drawn to the metropolitan areas, which creates problems for the smallermunicipalities and towns when their population declines. At the same time, our whole societyis faced with a great challenge: we need to redirect towards a sustainable development, wherethe environmental issues are discussed and dealt with to secure that all present and futuregenerations are given equal opportunities to live a good life.The aim of this study is to, focusing mainly on the environmental dimension of thesustainability concept, examine the attractivity of housing with sustainability claims. Toanswer this, three research questions were used:? Was the migration motive to reduce their environmental impact a part of the decision tomove, among migrants who had moved to housing with sustainability claims?? If the motive was a part of the decision, how much impact did it have compared to othermigration motives?? Which factors in housing aiming at sustainability are considered important by peopleliving in housing with sustainability claims?The research questions have been answered using quantitative data, gained in the form of selfadministeredquestionnaires which were distributed in four different residential areas withsustainability claims in the county of Västra Götaland, Sweden.

This study is about how changed light conditions induce dormancy in plants. It is divided in two parts. First a literature study where quantification of light, the concept dormancy, photoperiod and light quality are discussed. Second an experimental part, where the importance of light for sprouting capacity in root buds of perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) is investigated.In the science in how flowering in plants are induced the concepts short day/long day plants and light dominant/dark dominant are well-established. These concepts can also be applied to how light induce dormancy in plants.

Syftet med studien är att klargöra om nyckelhålsmärkningen har betydelse för konsumentens uppfattning och val av produkt, samt belysa förekomsten av källkritiskt tänkande kring nyckelhålsmärkningen. Som metod tillämpades intervjuer på 50 respondenter. Studien indikerar att nyckelhålsmärkningen har en inverkan på både val av produkt samt den generella uppfattningen om hur hälsosam en produkt är. Studien visar även på en slående avsaknad av källkritik då konsumenter utvärderar nyckelhålsprodukter..

The purpose of this paper is to explore how masculinity and femininity are constructed in the magazine Veckorevyn, through a critical discourse analysis of 18 articles from six issues in 2011. This is done by using a variety of theories and previous research results, which is gender theory, the theory of late-modern society and media theory. The analysis shows that Veckorevyn depicts virility and feminine differently. Furthermore, pointing the results from the analysis that a change of manhood and womanhood takes place in the social practice. The selection of articles from the magazine also shows that Veckorevyn seems to promote gender equality. .

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the schools? pupils have the capacity to understand societal change through social consciousness. In order to investigate that a theory has been developed specifying what social consciousness means and how it is used. The theory has been used as a tool in an ideology critical analysis of the steering documents on which the schools? work is based.

The starting point of this study is that the news media in general strongly influence which topics determine the public agenda by their choice of what is considered newsworthy. The study is based on articles from two major Swedish daily newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The aim of our thesis is to establish how the environmental public debate as portrayed in the newspaper corresponds to the environmental discussion within the scientific (subject matter expert) field, that is taught by the academic institutions, or if the two materially differ. The environmental communication discourse at the academic institutions advocates ?episodic? formation as the driving force behind transformation of attitudes and behavioral preconceptions. This episodic formation is aimed at incentivizing change by creating intimacy to the incident by linking cause and consequence to the individual citizen instead of to society as a whole.

Death is the only experience we know we will come across in our lives. Yet it is so difficult to speak about death and the sorrow before and after death occurs. The aim of this literature study was to find out how as a general nurse one can help relatives to handle their situation in mourning. The question was: How does the nurse feel when confronted with mourning relatives? What measures and caring should the nurse take to alleviate the handling of the relatives in mourning? After scrutiny and critical analysis of ten scientific papers, some common denominators have remained.

This paper presents an analysis of history textbooks used in schools in Sweden and Norway. The intention of the research was to study how the history textbooks describe communism and communistic dictatorship mainly during the cold war. The result of this study is that there were no big differences between Swedish and Norwegian history textbooks, but there are, however, some differences in how communism was described between the authors and also over time. Mostly, the books that were written in the post cold war period were somewhat more critical to communism in the eastern Europe (even thought they mainly handled with Stalin´s communism. And they also set quotationmark between Stalin´s communism and the nazi terror during World War two..