Bakgrund Preoperativ ?ngest ?r vanligt hos vuxna patienter och kan leda till fysiologiska stressreaktioner, ?kad risk f?r komplikationer och f?rs?mrad ?terh?mtning. I klinisk praxis dominerar ofta farmakologiska behandlingar, vilket v?cker fr?gor om vilka icke-farmakologiska omv?rdnadsinterventioner som ocks? kan bidra till att lindra ?ngest inf?r operation. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva vilka omv?rdnadsinterventioner som lindrar preoperativ ?ngest hos vuxna patienter.

When migration to a country increases, the integration of the migrants becomes extra important for the host country?s society, economy and culture. In the last decade, Europe has faced several crises, such as the refugee crisis and the covid-19 pandemic, which has affected both migration and integration policy. The challenges that have characterized European society in recent years makes it interesting to study how the measures highlighted by the European Commission to integrate migrants has developed. Therefore, the paper aims to compare the Commission?s action plans for integration published in 2016 and 2020 based on the threat theory and the contact theory to see how both perspectives can contribute to understanding the differences between the years and which theory is best suited to understand the Commission?s current visions of integration.

This study has an integration policy direction as it focuses on the qualification for the new arrivals to quickly establish themselves in the labor market, and how the government's interventions, which in this case is the establishment reform, have affected municipalities and what its role is in this context. The purpose of the establishment reform is to faster the new arrivals integration in to the labor market. The aim of this study is to analyze the interaction factors that is affecting the integration of new arrivals into the labor market by study the professionals opinions on the interplay between involved organizations in two municipalities before and after the establishment reform. Studies have shown that the establishment reform has not achieved its goal and the purpose is to analyze the aspects behind this problem. The results of the study were analyzed with help of the interaction theory and the new institutional theory which is a part of the organization theory. An important aspect in the results of our study is the deficiency with the interaction between the participating organizations that obstruct the new arrivals path to becoming self-contained. In order to identify the problem, the study focuses on the co-operation among two communities in Sweden with the new arrivals way into the labor market.

The Mobile phone has contributed to massive changes in the way that human beings communicate with each other and is a technology that is a part of society?s globalization. Opinions differ in the area of user interface where some feel that mobile phones exclude users such as senior citizens or users with an intellectual or a physical disability.Universal Design ??design for all?, is a vision that intends to bring about settings, products and services that suits as many people as possible irrespective of an individual?s needs and prospects. The criteria for ?design for all? are among other things flexibility, user friendliness, comprehensibility and a high tolerance for mistakes.The purpose of this essay is to investigate the mobile phones graphic user-interface from the theory of a universal design.

Syfte: Att undersöka vad som utmärker ledarskap i ekonomiska kriser, till följd av den idag aktuella finanskrisen.Genomförande: Empirin har insamlats med hjälp av den kvalitativa metoden. Studien innefattar djupintervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor och tio respondenter från två olika företag inom banksektorn. Utifrån empirin har författarna försökt att dra paralleller mellan ledarnas beteenden och de teorier som omfattar olika ledarstilar.Slutsatser: Utifrån analysen av empirin framgick det att ledarbeteenden i ekonomiska kriser skiljer sig. Dock kan orsaken till det vara företagens olika förutsättningar och struktur innan den ekonomiska krisen. Beteenden som tydlighet, tillgänglighet, delaktighet, samhörighet och minskat handlingsutrymme blev mer utmärkande.

Gang crime has increased significantly in Sweden over the past decade, deadly shootings are becoming more common. This led to the year 2022 being established as the deadliest year in Swedish crime statistics since the police began compiling national statistics on shootings. Gang crime is, therefore, a highly relevant topic in the Swedish mass media. Besides the mass media, the phenomenon is also of interest to politicians and the general public. Because of the escalation of violence in Sweden, daily reports discuss the measures that should be implemented to combat gang crime.

Denna studie undersöker hur begravningsbyrån Fonus valde att bemöta en kritisk artikel, publicerad i Aftonbladet, med ett pressmeddelande som lades upp på den egna hemsidan. Uppsatsen undersöker först vilka retoriska verktyg som har använts i skapandet av detta meddelande, och sett från Benoits teori om Image Repair, vilka strategier som använts och hur användningen av dessa har sett ut.Därefter söker studien att praktiskt undersöka detta budskap genom att låta en utvald grupp respondenter ta del av materialet samtidigt som de i personliga intervjuer får svara på frågor om det de läst. Här utsätts respondenterna först för negativa påståenden riktade mot Fonus för att färga deras åsikt om företaget innan de får ta del av pressmeddelandet. Syftet är att undersöka om Fonus textbaserade kriskommunikation kan påverka respondenterna och deras attityd mot företaget i en positiv riktning.Undersökningens slutsats är att ett budskap som utformats med en väl balanserad retorik och ett väl avvägt bruk av Benoits strategier, utgör ett fruktbart sätt att påverka mottagaren i den önskade riktningen..

AimThe aim of this study was to find out whether Motivational Interviewing can affect people to change their behaviour in form of increasing physical activity. What results do studies conducted at healthy adults using Motivational Interviewing with physical activity as an outcome present?MethodTo fulfil the aim of the study we chose a review process. During the research two data-bases were used, PUBMED and CSA. Studies including participants under the age of 18 or studies where the participants suffered from diseases were excluded.

The purpose of this study is to examine which factors played an important role in the food price crisis of 2007-2008. Theories used are Microeconomic theory, explaining changes in supply and demand, and Macroeconomic theory, explaining the impact of changes in exchange rate on prices. A theory regarding speculation is also used to explain the impact of speculative activities effects on price. The method used is multiple regression analysis in order to determine the effects which ethanol production, oil price and dollar exchange rate had on the surge in the price of corn, rice and wheat.The data used is in monthly observations during the period 2005-2008. However, other factors are taken into consideration during the study, such as production quantity, stock size, economic growth, speculative activity and population growth.

The purpose of this study was to look at the common opinion about children in Cambodia. By interviewing the professionals in different help organizations we studied the common opinion about children in general and the common opinion about children who are exposed to sexual trafficking. The ambition of the study was also to see if the common opinion about children in Cambodia affects the help that is available for the children who are exposed to sexual trafficking.This is a qualitative study including semi structured interviews with seven professionals who work with vulnerable children. The interview guide focused on the themes: children?s needs, sexual trafficking, children?s rights, childhood, children?s sexuality and gender.

The aim of this study was to examine how two integrating social enterprises relate to and combines social, ecological and economic sustainability and how they work with sustainable development in the field of social work. The study has been focusing on three questions: What are the values underpinning ?Macken? and ?Vägen uts? approach to sustainable development? What motivates these companies to work with ecological sustainability in the creation of new jobs? How do these companies combine social, ecological and economic sustainability? To answer our questions we have been interviewing nine employees through semi-structured interviews combined with observations and this study was analysed through a symbolic perspective. The conclusion of this study showed that these companies worked with specific themes to reach social sustainability. Recurring themes in the study was empowerment, recovery and the employee?s own experience of exclusion.

Syftet med den här erfarenhetsbaserade och vetenskapliga essän är att genom reflektion kring erfarenheterna, relevant litteratur och forskning undersöka olika arbetssätt för lärare och fritidspedagoger att kunna hjälpa och stötta barn i svåra livssituationer. Essän tar sin början i tre berättelser om barn i svåra livssituationer, efter det följer ett tydliggörande av dilemmat i berättelserna. I undersökningen kopplas problematiken i berättelserna ihop med olika arbetssätt för hur lärare och fritidspedagoger kan hjälpa barn i svåra livssituationer. För- och nackdelar med de olika arbetssätten behandlas och diskuteras. Genom reflektion kring problemområdet uppstår kunskap och medvetenhet om hur det är lämpligt att lärare och fritidspedagoger stöttar och hjälper barn i svåra livssituationer.

In the wake of the latest financial crisis, a group of individuals launched the Occupy WallStreet movement. It wanted to change the structures that economic and political life arefounded upon. They believe that the established structures are unfair and exploit the majorityof the population. Researchers critisised the movement saying it was ambiguous because itcould not produce any realistic ideas for change, while others thought that was a success forthe movement.Therefore, the aim of this Bachelor Thesis is to examine the different ideas articulatedby the Occupy movement and present them systematically. Through an inductive qualitativetext analysis six different themes are identified regarding how the movement wants to changethe structures in society to make them fair.

Background Swedish nurses are required by law to document nursing care. Studies have proved scarce in nursing documentation with regard to written language, the nursing process and the nurse´s caring perspective. Educating nurses in using the VIPS model have improved nursing documentation. Few studies have included nursing documentation of psychiatric care.Aim The aim of this study was to describe nursing documentation within psychiatric care of inpatient settings.Method A quantitative, retrospective descriptive research design was applied. A total of 60 nursing journals from a psychiatric department of six wards were studied.

Accounting has been critized for being one of the leading factors in the latest financial crisis. One of the primary problem areas was identified as delayed recogonition of losses on financial instruments. Consequently, a new impairment model is being developed and is to be namned expected loss model. The difference from the present model, incurred loss model, is that it takes losses into consideration on an much earlier level. Even though the model may be theoretically feasible, in practice it may implicate a number of issues.