Unit testing is a type of testing technique which is becoming quite fashionable to the developers and companies that are in the business of creating and managing software. Alas there are seldom any concrete data to support the positive claims of the authors in unit testing methodology books. These claims are instead based on empirical studies and the experience of the authors. The problem that arises from this situation is that it becomes problematic for managers and also the developers themselves to convince both customers and their own management to use this type of testing as there is no exact return of investment model. This essay examines this problem from two points, the first point is from the literature itself and interviews conducted with a number of developers at a software company located in Umea, Sweden.

Examensarbetet är en del av IBCleanings och Robotdalens projekt ?Automatiserad Isblästring? som innebär att med hjälp av en industrirobot blästra väggarna på insidan av fraktcontainers med torris och således rengöra denna yta. För att föra in industriroboten i den smutsiga containern har en specialdesignad åkbana framtagits.Syftet med detta arbete är att analysera och beräkna hållfasthetsparametrar hos sammanställningen som består av roboten och den specialdesignade åkbanan. Ett annat syfte är att undersöka om det finns möjlighet att bidra med förslag på hur metoden kan utvecklas.Rapporten beskriver kortfattat torrisblästring och hur en automatisering av denna kan utformas.Litteraturstudier inom hållfasthetslära samt handledning inom ANSYS har genomförts parallellt med arbetet och använts till att jämföra, utvärdera och lösa olika situationer som inträffar under arbetsgenomgången.FEM analyser med hjälp av ANSYS har genomförts som stöd för beräkningar och analyser . ANSYS användes också då det inte var möjligt att utföra en manuell beräkning på grund av för komplicerade procedurer eller behovet att utföra flera operationer samtidigt.En del av tiden har jag ägnat åt att realisera 3D-ritningar med hjälp av Pro-Engineer, ritningar som har skickats vidare till ANSYS för att kunna genomföra olika analyser av konstruktionen och få konkreta resultat.

This is an investigation of a mobile prefabrication factory´s competitiveness and profitability which also will result in a suggestion for a design of the factory. The mobile prefabrication factory is an idea of a new concept for production which is meant to be used in the manufacture of slab. The main intention with this concept is that by using a fast established prefabrication factory to produce elements near the construction site, thus avoiding transport from the factory to the building site. This means not only an environmental and economic gain, but also that you can avoid risking damage the elements which often occur during transportation. The contractor is owner of the mobile prefabrication factory and can thus avoid long waiting times and cyclicality.

The purpose of this study is to get the cadastral procedure for condominiums to become more affordable. The aims of the study is to examine how the number of condominiums, the number of joint facilities and the number of joint property units that are formed in a condominium cadastral procedure in Sweden influences the cadastral procedure cost. To get an overall perspective the study also explores how the chosen forms of co-operation have worked out in association management.A condominium is a type of three-dimensional property unit, which may only contain one residence.  This form of property formation has been allowed in Sweden since 1 May 2009.  At the end of 2014 less than 1000 condominiums had been formed despite the legislator?s expectations for 3000-5000 condominiums a year. The property unit can have access to necessary facilities, not available within the property boundaries, by establishing joint facilities or form joint property units.

En fallstudie har gjorts där kvalitativ metod har använts genom intervjuer och textanalyser. Semiotiska analyser har genomförts på utvalda annonsbilder, en reklamfilm och en blogg..

En fallstudie har gjorts där kvalitativ metod har använts genom intervjuer och textanalyser. Semiotiska analyser har genomförts på utvalda annonsbilder, en reklamfilm och en blogg..

Syftet med uppsatsen är att med utgångspunkt från redovisningsprofessionen tydliggöra skillnader mellan nuvarande redovisningsstandard och den kommande IFRS-standarden. Utifrån vårt syfte kan frågan ställas om hur implementeringen av IFRS kommer att ske? För att lösa detta problem har vi valt att strukturera upp uppsatsen utifrån ett internationellt, nationellt och ett företagsperspektiv. Vi har grundat våra analyser på intervjuer genomförda med revisionsbolag. Utifrån dessa analyser har vi sedan kommit fram till att professionen ser på internationaliseringen som en naturlig process i positiv riktning.

Utifrån nationalekonomiska teorier om samhällsekonomiska kalkyler och miljö utreds i uppsatsen om det togs tillräcklig hänsyn till miljöaspekter i de två samhällsekonomiska kalkylerna för Botniabanan. Fokus ligger på två miljöaspekter; värdet av intrång i natur och värdet av minskade koldioxidutsläpp till följd av förväntade trafiköverflyttningar, samt kalkylparametern diskonteringsräntan. Diskonteringsräntan har stor inverkan på kalkyler för projekt med långsiktiga effekter. Den första samhällsekonomiska kalkylen gjordes 1996 och hade en nettonuvärdeskvot på 0,54-0,83. Den andra gjordes 2004 till följd av ökade kostnader och hade en nettonuvärdeskvot på noll.

As a result of increased energy prices more and more energy-efficient homes are coveted. An energy-efficient alternative is passive houses, which is characterized by an extremely well insulated building envelope that recovers the heat without the use of radiators or under floor heating. But a passive house requires a higher investment cost than a conventional building project, since it will require more construction materials, training of construction workers, greater land area, and long construction period. But the lower operating cost expects to pay back the higher cost of investment. We therefore question how profitable a passive house is in relation to houses built according to modern conventional building techniques.The aim of our study is to investigate the viability of passive houses compared to convent­ional houses.

I examensarbetet undersöks de två företeelserna orienterbarhet och rörelse i stadsplaneringssammanhang. Genom att koppla ihop teori och praktik ges en ökad kunskap om hur orienterbarhet och rörelse fungerar.Först sker en teoretisk litteraturstudie av vad några stadsanalyser påstår och påvisar gällande orienterbarhet och rörelse. I studien ingår författarna Kevin Lynch, Inger Bergström, Bill Hillier, Gordon Cullen och Jan Gehl. Både orienterbarhet och rörelse som är tätt sammankopplade, påverkas till stor del av omgivningen. I litteraturstudien ges exempel på analysmetoder som kan användas för att undersöka orienterbarhet och rörelse på en plats/stad.De studerade teorierna och analyserna appliceras på den planerade stads-delen, Västra Centrum i Varberg, som är fallstudieobjekt i examensarbetet.

The Swedish road transport sector relies almost completely on fossil fuels. In 2007, as much as 96 percent of the total sales of fuels was made up of petrol and diesel, while at the same time the share of total emissions of greenhouse gases in Sweden that came from road transports amounted to close to 30 per cent. Sweden is by no means worse off than any other European country in these respects. In order to address the questions of high oil dependence and CO2 emissions the European Commission has proposed a reinforcement of the legislative framework, with a 10 percent minimum for the market share of biofuels in 2020. Furthermore, the proposed target is binding for the member states, unlike the current voluntary target of 5.75 percent by 2010. More than doubling the usage of biofuels in only a bit more than a decade will most likely not be possible without policy interventions.

A large cost at the construction sites today is the labour cost of the workers. But unfortunately the worker potential is not used to full. It is not unusual to take into a count with a work-­?place-­?additional-­?time of 50% in some cases. By increasing the workers' motivation and responsibility for their tasks may reduce the time considerably, which also increases the potential for greater gains in construction projects.By using the situational leadership may the workers level of maturity develop entirely.

Fuel wood is currently the third largest assortment from the forest in Sweden after pulpwood and lumber. Branches and tops i.e. logging residues are one of the assortments of fuel wood which is a common by-product after harvesting nowadays. The way to utilize, disintegrate and transport the logging residues varies between northern and southern Sweden. Branches and tops are collected throughout the year at appropriate stands, but are consumed mainly wintertime.

The climate changes that are occuring in the world have resulted in that the EU callingfor a 20 % reduction in energy consumption to the year 2020, to reach that goal theEU want the public sector to go forth as a good example. Västfastigheter owns andmanage the hospital buildings in the Västra Götaland region. To be able to reducetheir energy usage Västfastigheter has hired several consulting firms to chart out theenergy consumption on each hospital building. The biggest energy savings potentialhave been calculated and what the cost will be to perform each action. The energyaudit have been completed and stand as the decision basis for Västfastigheter?s choiceon which action packages that should be implemented.

The main purpose of this bachelor thesis is to create a product in the form of a database that can be used for cost estimates of equipment within bio refineries. Through interviews and literature searches the key components and their costs were identified. The database was constructed in Microsoft Excel with different tabs for different categories of components; these tabs are further divided into three parts: one part with costs, one part with calculations and an information part. Most of the part with costs contains the expenses found in scientific papers during the literature study, the calculating part converts different capacities according to user preferences and the currency to euro (?) from 2010 and the information part consists of references and information about what is included in the cost.The database is a good tool for making cost estimates for bio refineries.