The following is an assignment about the use of the word terrorism throughout history. This assignment contains a conceptual historical analysis of the term terrorism. The aim of this assignment is the following: To discern, through a conceptual historical analysis, how the term terrorism has been used and how the meanings of the term terrorism has changed in time.To provide an answer to this thesis is the assignment tries to answer the following questions:1) How can conceptual historical analysis be applied to the term terrorism?2) How can the term terrorism be defined?3) How has the term terrorism been used throughout history, with specific focus on the academic world and even some contemporary texts?4) Is it possible to point out some clear changes in the use of the term from the moment of its first use until current time?5) Which meanings has the term terrorism received and how are these meanings associated with the term terrorism?The assignment initially highlights different theories on conceptual historical research as well as links these theories to the actual term terrorism. After this some difficulties with defining terrorism as a term are pointed out and the impact this has on research within the field of terrorism.

As an increasingly rationalized forestry and agriculture have human interference in the form of tradition, grazing and use declined. There is a strong link between biodiversity and disturbance of the landscape. In sandy soils many insects and plants require exposed sand to survive while the disorder may contribute to seed dispersal in the woodlands. On behalf of O-Ringen Skåne 2014, a study of the interference from orienteering in sandy soil and the forest during competitions conducted. The aim is to clarify the interference of which orienteering runners contributes, through to inventory presence before and after the competitions in the bottom and field layer in three locations.

This essay aims to analyse the social and physical interaction through the body inpublic space, based on the performances Twilight Walk by The New Beauty Council,and Crawl, by William Pope.L. As part of the performance-programme CityExcavations from Gothenburg International Biennial of Contemporary Art 2011,artists occupied the streets of Gothenburg for a few days in June 2011. Through aninterpretation on performativity and feminism architecture-theory this essay looks intohow bodies integrate with public space; on how space potentially includes or excludesrepresentations of different bodies and the construction of (gender) identities. I wantto discuss how bodily performances such as movements, gestures, visual andemotional expressions interact with architecture and social contexts..

This study is essentially based on my own questions concerning contemporary playgrounds. Why are they so unimaginative? What do the children say about them? Is it possible to create playgrounds less constructed, and with more natural elements? This report starts with references to literature studies, personal references and my personal view, and ends with a suggestion for a physical solution for an actual day care centre. The aim is to learn more about how the natural environment affects children, the importance of playing, and try to use this knowledge in a design of a day care centre. My main theme can be summarized in the following question: Why is natural elements in playgrounds considered to be healthy for children? I wanted to create a playground with natural characteristics which I myself would have appreciated as a child.

The purpose with this essay is to examine how arts and politics integrate to raise urgent messages and call upon social changes. Performance art as an artistic manifestation against the surveillance society has been studied to clarify this integration and through an empirical examination of the anarchistic performance group The Surveillance Camera Players. This group formed in New York City 1996 as a manifestation against the increased use of surveillance cameras in public places in Manhattan. Through performance in front of these cameras, The Surveillance Camera Players are able to express their protest against the surveillance society which, occurring to them, violates citizens constitutionally right to privacy. The development and signification of the surveillance society are examined through theoretical perspective by foremost Michel Foucault, but also by contemporary scientist in that field.

The gathered texts and letters from Ali Ibn Abi Talib, found in the book Nahjul Balagha,constitute one of the most important writings of Shiite Islam, next the hadits and the Quran.Imam Ali´s ethics and moral approach in Nahjul Balagha, is considered by imam Ali, to beseen as a guideline for both individual purposes as for any kind of governance. The esotericteachings, about truth and justice in Nahjul Balagha, should therefore probably have been of agreat concern to Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic revolution.This essay will from an deductive approach, on a relatively contemporary historic event, try toanalyze Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini´s interpreting on imam Ali´s texts and preaching inNahjul Balagha. The Islamic revolution, as the Islamic Republic of Iran, led by AyatollahKhomeini, was confirmed as both brutal and violent. My ambition in this essay, will there forconcern a possible interpreting on justice and political rule, from Ayatollah Khomeini and theIslamic Republic of Iran, on imam Ali´s teachings in Nahjul Balagha..

This thesis examines Jews and Catholics views on immigration to the United States in the late 19th century. It is qualitative analysis of how immigrants and immigration is treated in two different magazines, The American Jewess and Catholic World. The findings are then put in the context of contemporary nativist ideas. This thesis states that both The American Jewess and Catholic World are, principally, in favor of immigration and do not want to restrict immigration at that time. Catholic World is somewhat more open to the idea ofdiscussing harder immigration laws but the overall tendency in both magazines is that immigration is not a problem to the United States.

The purpose of this survey is to better understand how students in Swedish upper secondary school perceive knowledge in history. 44 students from two different schools took part in the survey. The students partaking were asked to make a rough plan for a course in history, in which they were to both suggest contents of the course and also motivate their choice of content by arguing their view of the purpose of knowledge in history. The results of the survey were then compared to the curriculum of the history subject. The survey shows that a majority of the students asked find modern history, especially World War 1 & 2, and Swedish history to be of importance.

Globalization has among other tendencies led to the emergence of new ways of doing business. One of the ways for organizations to meet the demands of a new competitive landscape has been through management accounting change, a field which has become increasingly popular in research. This paper builds on that research and seeks to investigate the case of the implementation of a new management accounting system in a Swedish company which was triggered by strategic change. Commonality through the interactive approach is by some researchers seen as a key to successful change. This approach is contrasted to the importance of symbolic constructs and change recipients? cognitive effort to understand the meaning of change for which Framing theory is applied.

What is the relation of image and word, of sentences and pictures? What kind of message does this combination produce when juxtaposed on a single material plane? And how do we read its ?infinite? relation? These are the questions at the center of this inquiry. My main interest concerns the exact nature of the relation between photographic images and textual elements of poetic language when these are juxtaposed in what I call Phototext poetry.The thesis calls into question the conventional reading habits of the conjunction of photographs and texts, and seeks to understand the more complex connections intrinsic to the relation image/word and its material and perceptual play in poetic works. Does a text always ?anchor? the multiple meanings of an image, as Roland Barthes argues? What if the alterations of an image could ?anchor? certain fractions of a poetic, polysemantic textual construct? Is a photograph indifferent to the visual, material permutations of texts that certain contemporary poetic practices produce?I discuss phototextual works and collaborations of various kinds, from Molin fontän [?Molin?s fountain?] (1866) over classic surrealist poetry to language-oriented writing.

The title: ?Klara färdiga GÅ? can be translated as ?Ready steady GO?, and is ment as a request to start move. In this project I want to invite people to walk more by creating creative, demanding and playful walkways and paths, where the body can be allowed to work just a tiny bit harder.It?s because walking means exercise and fresh air, for free and without spetial equipment. Walking can also be fun, it allows people to stop, change direction and experience things.I think activity should be fun, inspired by children playground my project is a contribution to how adults might stay healthier in a city, where too often healthy activity is solely confined to the gym or sports fields.

Every place is a stage where people interact. The nature of the stage and its scenography to some extent shapes the interaction. Considered as a place, the school ground gives rise to many varying expectations. Lower school pupils often have clear ideas of how they are expected to behave and how they are expected to use the place. But as the pupils age, the purpose of the school ground grows less obvious.

This essay seeks to analyze the consequences of modern information and communication technology for collective action within the framework of social movements. With references to the protests in Seattle 1999, the essay argues that the emergence of distributed collective action is closely related to the use of technology, for example cell phones and Internet. This distributed collective action can be characterized by its decentralized and self-organizing features, forming a global pattern emerging from local interactions. Whereas contemporary theories of collective action can be ´stretched´ to fit these aspects, they lack analytical tools to describe and analyze such systems. Further, their rejection of classical crowd theory is problematic, since it contains valuable insights.

The mental health has during the recent years decreased among Swedish adolescents while theinternet has become a common tool for communication between people. Aim: The overall aim is toidentify the relationship between internet use among adolescents and their mental health. Method:A literature based study within a defined research field. Result: The scientific hypotheses whichexist is based on whether social capital increase or decrease due to internet use. The healthoutcome is positively affected by internet communication, especially for boys and socially anxiousadolescents.

During an excavation at Old Uppsala 571 raw garnets was found. In comparison with similar fragments from other sites in Sweden my aim was to prove a completely domestic production of garnets for cloisonné work. I have chosen to look at the archaeological sites of Old Uppsala, Valsta, Slöinge and Paviken and more closely at the material from Old Uppsala and Valsta. My theoretical framework has been to look at the garnets own agency in the contemporary society.Garnet cloisonné was a popular jewellery form during the Merovingian period on the continent although it came to an end in the early 7th century. It was during this time in Scandinavia a new sort of garnet, technique and paste was introduced and the garnet cloisonné was profoundly used for the gear of the elite and ritual objects.