Purpose: To contribute to the understanding of the relationship between private labels and the retailer brand in grocery retailing. Methodology: We use structured interviews as a cross-sectional method for quantitative data collection. The existence of the relationship is tested through correlation analysis and regression analysis. Theoretical perspective: Perceived quality of private labels and of retailers are the main theoretical concepts for this thesis. Additionally, we introduce the concept of loyalty to show the benefits of a positive consumer image.

In a time of fierce global competition, where an immense amount of commercial messages reaches consumers around the clock and in every conceivable context, companies constantly seek to find new ways to reach out with their product. One way to do so, that has increased in popularity in recent years, is the use of gift bags. A gift bag may contain samples, miniature products and even products in full size, as a rule from several different brands, which the recipient receives free of charge. The gift bag is typically distributed at some form of event, such as store openings, fashion shows, theme parties and the like, and the receiver of the gift bag can then evaluate the content without any obligation to purchase. The ambition of the companies that choose to participate with their products in a gift bag is, of course, that the recipient will find their products satisfactory, and ideally, that he or she will continue to consume the brand in the future.There are numerous scientific research contributions related to the use of free samples, but very few that concern the gift bag, where a collection of samples from different sources and brands appear.

Our common future involves many important challenges. People and nature need to improve the relationship in order to reach an ecologically sustainable development. In a society where consumption of products steadily increases, the consumer awareness about social and environmental issues connected to the products becomes an importent factor. More and more companies choose to work more actively with these issues and more and more products get labelled by some of the eco labelling organisations. From the cradle to the gate means that a study has been done on a part of a products life cycle.

The purpose of this thesis is to outline an appropriate model in order for companies to successfully act and compete physically as wholesalers at the same time as acting on the virtual market by selling directly to the end consumer. The approach of this thesis is hermeneutical and abductive with elements of hypothetically deductive approach. Our research has a qualitative research strategy based on case studies and interviews as well as on secondary data. Interviews were conducted with the case company JaymJay Wear AB as well as with other companies, so called mini cases. The secondary data consists mainly of textbooks, web sites and journals.

A challenge faced by marketers is to make their products stand out in today's cluttered marketplace. Recently, a new approach to attract attention has been observed - brands communicating their products by making fun of other brands. This way of parodying a competitor, or even an unrelated brand, is a risky but potentially effective way to increase attention. Brand parodies walk a fine line between being humorous and clever, or coming off as offensive. Furthermore, parodying another trademark poses legal considerations.

Floor signs in stores have become a more common phenomenon during past years. The problem is that the knowledge about these signs is limited and the actual effects are unknown. This lack of knowledge can have a negative impact on store performance and marketing efforts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of floor signs on consumer attitude and behaviour. The study was conducted in two grocery stores, where the movement pattern of 39 501 customers was recorded over a four week period.

The concept of brand equity emerged inthe eightiesto justify the long term value of marketing investments. Brand equity signify the value that a brand adds to a product and is the result of the marketing of a brand. One of the most widely used strategies to enhance brand equity is to do a brand extension, which means that a firm uses an established brand to introduce a new product to the market. At worst, a failed brand extension can damage the brand equity, which Vinjamuri (2008) claims that the brand Axe is currently in danger of doing. This January Axe launched an extention including products for both men and women for the first time and Vinjamuri claims that this can disappoint Axe´s former target group (men between 14 and 27 years old) (Newman, 2012). In this thesis Axe´s brand equity among the extensions target group (men and women, age 14 to 27) in Sweden is studied to find out if the brand extension is likely to affect the brand equity in the target group.

This study is based on an ongoing debate regarding the Stockholm Stock Exchange, which centers around the possible abolition of quarterly reports. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this debate by examining how the relationship between financial reports and stock price correlates. The study's methodological approach is based on the Capital Market Research frame-work in which an ERC model and an extended model are used to measure the relationship. Three hypotheses were formed to categorize the direction of the study, these categorizations treats the differences in impact between quarterly and annual reports on stock price, as well as differences in impact as a casual effect of company size and seasonal sensitivity. The results of the study show that quarterly reports have a stronger impact on the share price than annual reports.

Money by definition is always a subjective human creation. Because of this it is unavoidablethat the physical and mental structure of a specific money system will have an effect on thesociety where it is circulating. With this fact as a starting point, the thesis is analysing whetherthe Swedish national currency, the crown, is consistent with a sustainable development. Theaim of the analysis is to: (a) identify the major shortcomings of the infrastructure of the crownin relation to its ability to support a sustainable development, (b) evaluate what possiblesolutions there are at hand to adjust for the shortcomings. The method used is purely based ontheoretical analysis, with emphasis on abstraction and causal simplicity.In a modern society, money is not only circulating as coins and bills, but also as digital assetstransferred directly between bank accounts.

During the last few years, there has been a lot of debate regarding the price ofelectricity on the Swedish market. According to a recent survey from Sifo, anon-bias governmental institute for consumer research and testing, the priceof electricity is what worries Swedish households the most. An investigationof the eciency of the Nordic power grids inuence on the Swedish spotprice is therefore both relevant and valuable. Three quarters of all electricityproduced in the Nordic region is traded at the Nord Pool Spot power market.This survey examines how much of the variation of the swedish spot pricecan be descried by the variation of the nordic system price and how much iscaused because of ineciencies in the power grid. Primarily, linear regressionwith adjustments for endogeneity and heteroskedasticity has been used in orderto analyze data obtained mainly from Nord Pool Spot and Vattenfall AB.The results show that the variation of the system price can account for all butabout 40% of the variation in the Swedish spot price.

Jeansmarknaden idag i Sverige är präglad av hög konkurrens med många olika aktörer somverkar där. De senaste åren har en speciell kundgrupp vuxit fram vilka kallas jeansnördar.Dessa konsumenter och deras syn på jeans är i dagsläget inte kartlagt vilket därförhuvudsyftet med studien. Under studien har vi kommit i kontakt med ett svenskt jeansföretagvid namn Pace Jeans som vi intervjuade och fick därigenom hjälp med att identifiera personersom kunde hjälpa oss att uppnå vårt syfte. Genom att ställa oss frågan hur företaget ser påjeansnörden och hur det här skiljer sig från hur den faktiska konsumenten är. Huvudfrågan fördenna studie är vem jeansnörden är och hur denne ser på jeans.

Genom ökad användning på träningskläder har antibakteriella behandlingar blivit allt vanligare för den allmänna konsumenten. Dessa plagg marknadsförs ofta som antibakte-riella eller luktfria, men det som inte framgår är vilka ämnen som används för att uppnå den luktfria effekten. Vanligt förekommande är de behandlingar som är baserade på oorganiska silversalter. Medan leverantörerna av dessa produkter argumenterar för, argumenterar många miljövetare och forskare på bakterier emot antibakteriella produk-ter då dessa kan ha en skadlig inverkan på vår miljö och hälsa. Rapporten syftar till att ge större kunskap kring miljö- och hälsopåverkan vid användandet av textiler behandlade med silversalter samt till att analysera konsumenters inställning till antibakteriella kläder samt deras användar- och tvättvanor för träningskläder.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att ta reda på hur brasilianska företag gått tillväga då de anpassat sin varumärkesidentitet till den skandinaviska marknaden samt försöka finna gemensamma nämnare för hur brasilianska företag bör gå tillväga, för att på ett framgångsrikt sätt anpassa sin varumärkesidentitet till den skandinaviska marknaden.En kvalitativ forskningsansats med abduktivt angreppsätt har använtsdär två brasilianska fallföretag intervjuats, Havaianas och Brahmasom båda riktar sig mot business-to-consumer marknaden.Teorin inleds med en beskrivning av internationella marknadsföringsstrategier, därefter klargörs varumärkesidentiteten genom bland annat Kapferers teorier. Slutligen i detta tredelade avsnitt presenteras teorier om de faktorer som påverkar varumärkesidentiteten vid en lansering på en ny marknad. I empirin redogörs resultatet av djupintervjuerna vi genomfört med respektive fallföretag.Studien visar att varumärkesidentiteten är beroende av en anpassning till den nya marknaden där kulturen är den vikigastefaktorn. Brasilianska företag bör anpassa sin varumärkesidentitet efter Skandinaviens kultur som då skulle leda till en hybridstrategi av identiteten mellan brasilianska kärnvärden och värden som är viktiga för den skandinaviska konsumenten exempelvis modernitet ochexklusivitet..

The main issue: On the basis of the authors problem discussion has following questions came along: how will the closed companies be affected by a abolishing of demand on auditing? How could the abolishing of demand on auditing in Denmark and England relate to Swedish possible abolishing of auditing?Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and describe how closed companies stand to abolishing of demand on auditing and which affects they think they will get.Method: The authors have chosen to use a qualitative method. With open questions can give space for discussions, which can give the authors better understanding. The empirical material consists of eight different closed companies. The subordinate data were collected before the interview occasion, this because to develop the interview questions.Conclusion: The authors has come to a conclusion that larger the closed company is, the more of them will keep audit.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att studera hur tevereklam till kvinnor och till män kan beskrivas. Vi ville uppnå syftet genom att undersöka hur ett företag arbetar med att utforma tevereklam till kvinnor och män: vilka mål samt fördelar och nackdelar de har med tevereklam, hur tevereklam utformas, hur traditionella könsroller eventuellt påverkar utformningen samt om lagar och egenåtgärder har någon påverkan på innehållet i tevereklam. För att uppnå detta syfte gjorde vi en fallstudie på RoxxEmotion Film & Television, ett mindre företag som är en del av Roxx Communication Group AB. Vi utförde en telefonintervju med en av de två personer som ansvarar för tevereklamfilm på företaget. Slutsatser från denna fallstudie visar att det är vanligt att rikta tevereklam till ett visst kön men att tillvägagångssätt vid utformning av tevereklam samt mål, fördelar och nackdelar med tevereklam är lika för reklam till både kvinnor och män.