Parallel import in the European Union is the perfectly legal activity under Art. 28-30 EC of buying goods in a low-price country in order to ship and sell them in a high-price country. The pharmaceutical market in Europe is subject to the subsidiartiy principle of Art. 5 EC and heavily characterised by national regulations that lead to significant price differentials between ? generally speaking ? Northern and Southern Europe.

This report was written as a final thesis within the Department of forest economics at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences as a completion of the M.SC Forestry programme. The aim of this study was to create a model that, with respect to given stock levels, temperature, fuel usage and fuel price, would identify the optimal levels for purchase of bio fuels, optimal levels of incineration of bio fuels and the sum of the present values of all costs. The model would be applicable for a larger district heating plant. Data regarding temperature were received from SMHI. Information considering fuel prices was taken from the Swedish Forest Agency and the facts about fuel usage were collected from a large district heating plant, located in the southwest of Sweden. For the temperature, a sinus curve was adapted to describe the temperature over a year.

In theory, the logic behind partnerships is simple: All organisations have strengths, but no organisation has all the strength required to do everything. Triggered by global perspectives and challenged by sustainability objectives, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 pointed out needs for corporate responsibility. In this conference, Private-public partnership, PPP, was identified as a potential way to work towards sustainability, especially as a way to emphasize a corporate responsibility commitment. Nowadays, organizations exist to satisfy the needs and interests of all their stakeholders, such as customers, markets, shareholders, as well as secondary stakeholders such as media, NGOs, and society at large. Addressing all stakeholders and working towards a sustainable business development makes PPP a potential solution, but also a source of challenges.

Water is a vital element and also enriches the experience of landscapes. It is naturally in Constant movement and change but also exposed to the hands of man. In this paper two stretches of water is described through landscape and time in correlation between development and the experience of the watercourse Höje-å in the rural parts of southern Sweden. The intention is to investigate how Höje-å has changed over time and also how it is experienced in the surrounding landscape. With the help of literary studies the history of Höje-å have been described and through the course of field-studies the experience of two different areas along the watercourse.The biggest changes of Höje-å and its surrounding area have taken part during the last two centuries.

In theory, the logic behind partnerships is simple: All organisations have strengths, but no organisation has all the strength required to do everything. Triggered by global perspectives and challenged by sustainability objectives, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 pointed out needs for corporate responsibility. In this conference, Private-public partnership, PPP, was identified as a potential way to work towards sustainability, especially as a way to emphasize a corporate responsibility commitment. Nowadays, organizations exist to satisfy the needs and interests of all their stakeholders, such as customers, markets, shareholders, as well as secondary stakeholders such as media, NGOs, and society at large. Addressing all stakeholders and working towards a sustainable business development makes PPP a potential solution, but also a source of challenges.

Sub-lethal doses of neonicotinoids have been shown to negatively impact the health of honeybees. However, most studies to date have exposed bees only artificially to these pesticides under laboratory conditions. There have been just a few well designed and replicated studies of the impacts of realistic neonicotinoid exposure on honeybees foraging under field conditions. In order to close this knowledge gap, and to test the influence of the neonicotinoid clothianidin on honeybees, we used a study system of 16 paired, spatially separated (>4 km) spring oilseed rape fields in the south of Sweden. The fields were paired according to land use, the surrounding landscape and geographical proximity, using GIS.

Generally in Macedonia keeping farm records and farm business planning is not often practiced like an ordinary activity in farming. Therefore one of the crucial things to do it is to comprise and continuously practice record keeping of farm data. The efficient and justified farm business planning should be based on farm records about the previous work of the farm, which will bring a structured approach for planning all the activities, as well as provide a good basis for attracting investors and creditors for the additional expansion of the business.Given that sheep breeding holds an important part of the livestock production in Macedonia, there is a need for adding analytical sheep enterprise budgets to support the farm business planning process at sheep farms.The aim of this research was to develop sheep enterprise budgets created on the best production practice for Macedonian conditions of breeding and test their applicability into the farm business plan model Agriwise Macedonia. The sheep budgets were composed with a process of data collecting consisted of direct farm data (for the cases), expert's consultation and relevant desk research, as well as a literature study. The aim of doing it was to attain more accurate calculations of the enterprise budgets, which will result in a more precise outcome in the farm business plan model Agriwise Macedonia.

The primary goal of this study was to investigate how the radial growth of retained trees responds after thinning-from-above. The National Board of Forestry which initiated this study, was interested in whether there were differences in the growth-response between the tree species Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Another question of issue was if there were differences in the growth response between trees of different sizes. It is within the framework of the National Board of Forestry?s, Continuous Forests Project that these urgent questions are to be answered.

The idea with constructions made out of prefabricated elements is that it should be quick and easy to build as the demands for lower production costs, increased profitability and shorter production times are Constantly increasing. High accuracy in measurements and well-balanced tolerances is required to achieve this. The fact that the concrete-elements doesn?t fit and that damage occurs during assembly is a highly topical issue even though we now have methods and systems that make this high-intensity construction possible. Through this report we want to highlight the problems that cause the dimensional and tolerance problems and give suggestions on how to come to terms with these.

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into refuges experience of traumatic events such as torture, political persecution, war, natural disasters and other trauma. For the study used theories which, inter alia, deals with many of the refugees coming to Sweden is influenced by various psychological trauma and may be accompanied by torture, political persecution, war, natural disasters and other trauma. To this study, a survey with 40 participants, 17 women and 23 men. There was also an interview on the Internet with a refugees consultant within the Red Cross. The men had higher average than women in all the perceived problems.

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into refuges experience of traumatic events such as torture, political persecution, war, natural disasters and other trauma. For the study used theories which, inter alia, deals with many of the refugees coming to Sweden is influenced by various psychological trauma and may be accompanied by torture, political persecution, war, natural disasters and other trauma. To this study, a survey with 40 participants, 17 women and 23 men. There was also an interview on the Internet with a refugees consultant within the Red Cross. The men had higher average than women in all the perceived problems.

Numerical simulations play a vital role in both static and dynamic stability assessment of electric power systems and the foreseeing of voltage collapse. Simulations performed by Svenska Kraftnät(SvK) are mainly done in the specialized voltage collapse predicting software tool, SPICA and the more all?purpose software tool, ARISTO.The grid operators at SvK use SPICA to predict the maximum transfer limit at specified sections (in this report the section in concerns is the southern part of Sweden i.e. interface1 4). SPICA is mainly used as an online application by using actual states from the grid, these states update every quarter of an hour.This thesis is a continuation of the master thesis SPICA ? ARISTO JÄMFÖRELSE by Jakob Katzman and Johan Fält.

The farming system is the basis of human existence through its production of provisions for man. By a continuous exchange of information, energy and material, between the ecosystems and the social systems, the farming system becomes an emergent property. The system's own properties, in the sense of farming methods, circulations and institutions, evolve through an adaptive process. Understanding this process and Constantly learn from it, is the starting point for creating a sustainable development within farming systems. Thus, future farming system has to develop strategies that produce food provisions while at the same time takes into consideration the ecosystem's resilience and its integrity, but which also enables an ethical discussion. The institutions within the farming system are understood as links between the ecosystems and the social systems.

Fastighetsbranschen står inför en förändring. Forskning tyder på att fastighetsbolag kommer att gå mer och mer mot att bli mer traditionella tjänsteföretag och att pengar inom branschen kommer att tjänas genom att vara en så duktig förvaltare som möjligt i avseende till fastighetsdrift och hyresgästförvaltning. Denna kandidatuppsats fokuserar därför på att undersöka hur fastighetsbolag kan utveckla sina tjänster mot sina hyresgäster samt vilka faktorer som kommer vara avgörande i framtiden för att bli ett framgångsrikt fastighetsbolag.SyfteProjektets syfte är att göra en undersökning över hur fastighetsbranschen troligtvist kommer att förändra sitt strategiska arbete mot sina hyresgäster och vilka faktorer som då kommer att karaktärisera ett framgångsrikt fastighetsbolag.Frågeställningar? Vad kommer att vara viktiga framgångsfaktorer hos ett fastighetsbolag i framtiden?? På vilket sätt bör fastighetsbolag kontakta hyresgäster och hur ska de samla och dela information om sina hyresgäster för att kunna förutspå deras framtida behov?? Finns det några särskilda krav på fastighetsbolagets organisation för att tillgodose hyresgästernas behov på bästa sätt?MetodUndersökningen är av kvalitativ karaktär och baseras på intervjuer med representanter från olika fastighetsbolag och representanter från kommersiella hyresgäster. Sammanlagt har 14 intervjuer genomförts.

Ett varumärke är en stor del av företagsstrategin för ett framgångsrikt företag och det är viktigt att skydda och bevara sitt varumärke. För att skapa och utveckla ett varumärke krävs en tydlig varumärkesstrategi, där den viktigaste delen är varumärkesidentiteten som är riktlinje för företagets arbete med varumärket. Varumärkets image syftar på hur konsumenter uppfattar ett varumärke genom dess produkter, service och kommunikation. Därför är det viktigt att företaget vet vad de vill förmedla till marknaden och hur de ska förmedla det. Då varumärken är precis som sin omgivning, under ständig förändring, behöver ett företag alltid vara förändringsbart för att kunna växa.