Vårt syfte med examensarbetet är att försöka förstå hur två svensklärare ser på sitt arbete med att inkludera elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar (NPF). Vi har börjat med att gå igenom en förändring i den nya skollagen som började gälla 2011. Den innebär att elever med diagnoser inom autismspektrumtillståndet (AST) men som inte har begåvningsutvecklingsstörning skall tillhöra grundskolan. AST går in under begreppet Neuropsykiatriska Funktionsnedsättningar (NPF). Tidigare fanns ett val huruvida dessa elever skulle gå i särskola eller grundskola.

The company Sol & Energiteknik wanted to examine the possibility to make a standardhouse totally energy independent. Based upon this I have, during the spring of 2007,examined the possibilities available at the market today through litterature studies, contactwith several companies and reading reports at the internet.The first thing to examine has been to determine the energy consumption for a standardhouse, and find out if there are better technologies to be used for energy conservation.My conclusion in this matter is that there are possibilities today for building a house moreenergy efficient.When I had reached the point at which my design for the house was decided, I also hadto choose the different products to use to produce energy as well as to store that energy.To produce heat and electricity to the house I decided to use a wind turbine and a solarwater heater.The most difficult part of designing a house that is energy independent is that theproduced energy must be stored somehow. Storing the heat is relatively easy beacuse theheat can be stored in a large water tank. The electricity is a bigger problem beacuse itmust be stored in batteries, which today are too expensive to be used in a standard house.In the future producing and storing hydrogen might be used to produce electricity, buttoday that technology is both expensive and not tested enough.My final conclusion is that a standard house can not be built to be totally energyindependent today, unless it is very expensive to connect the house to the electricitynetwork. As an alternative solution I came up with a proposal for a house which isconnected to the electricity network and have some amount of own produced energy.This house prooved to be a good investment if you choose to build it today, and it couldbe a very good investment in the long run beacuse energy prices increase every year..

In my essay I have examined how teachers look upon their role as leader in the classroom. I have interviewed six teachers, senior level ones and teachers from the upper secondary school, about how they look upon tasks that involve planning, control, motivation, groups, and individuals. Based on their answers, I have analyzed if there is anything that can be related to a common leader competence within their profession and, in that case, how it will appear.The result that I have found has been that it exists a common leadership style that teachers are more or less conscious of. The teachers decide on what level the classes or the pupils are andafter that decision they plan their education. The leadership in the classroom can be of different kinds depending on the situation.

This thesis is intended to review and create a greater understanding for the history and originsof printed scraps from late eighteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century.A questionnaire survey was sent out to several Swedish museums, containing questionsconcerning their collections, possible exhibits, special difficulties and types of damagesconcerning scraps and their current storage. A visit to the Gothenburg city museum storagewas made to take a closer look at their scrap collection and how they were stored. Thisresearch resulted in an understanding regarding the current situation of printed scraps, whichunfortunately appears to be quite poor and inattentive. These results are presented in the firstchapter.The second chapter describes the history of printed scraps, followed by a chapter presentingrelevant printing techniques and technology. This is followed by various chapters dealing withhow the printed scrap has been used through the ages, history and development of motifs andthe album's significance.

SAMMANFATTNING  Bakgrund: Patienter på kirurgavdelningar är komplexa såtillvida att de förutom den kirurgiska åkomman kan ha olika medicinska diagnoser vilket ofta komplicerar både vården, behandlingen samt medför svårigheter i att upptäcka ett försämrat tillstånd. För att kunna bedöma patientens tillstånd och få en uppfattning om hur denne mår måste objektiva och lätt mätbara parametrar användas.Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) är ett poängsystem som mäter några av patientens vitala funktioner och baseras på sex mätbara/bedömningsbara  funktioner: andningsfrekvens, puls, systoliskt blodtryck, kroppstemperatur, vakenhet och urinmängd. Poängsumman varierar mellan 0 och 17, där 0 är normalt. Syfte: Att kartlägga fördelningen av poäng enligt MEWS hos akuta patienter med kirurgiska åkommor på två kirurgavdelningar på ett universitetssjukhus i Sverige samt undersöka vilka åtgärder som vidtagits vid respektive poäng enligt MEWS. Metod: Retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie  där dokumentation av mätningar med MEWS för 94 patienter granskades. Resultat: Totalt återfanns 229 poäng enligt MEWS varav 76 var från mätningar vid ankomst till avdelning och resterande  153 från mätningar under fortsatt vårdtid. Antalet MEWS-mätningar per patient varierade mellan  1 och 31. Nitton åtgärder som ingår i sjuksköterskans profession kopplade till en poäng enligt MEWS återfanns.

That animals should be able to express their natural behaviours, even in captivity, has become a more important issue lately. Nowadays Zoos work much more with educating people and helping conservation projects for endangered species. This is two important reasons for making the environment as natural as possible for zoo animals. Both in captivity and in the wild capuchin monkeys have been seen to use tools such as stones and sticks to get food and are therefore seen as a natural and important behaviour for them. This study was carried out to evaluate a specific sort of environmental enrichment where a group of three capuchins had to use sticks to get different kinds of food out of bottles.

Huvudsyftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka fil.kand. behandlingspedagogers upplevelser av sitt arbete och vilka arbetsuppgifter de har inom skolans verksamhet. Vidare undersöktes om dessa behandlingspedagoger upplever att de har den kompetens som krävs för detta arbete och om behandlingspedagoger kan kallas en profession. Metoden som användes var kvalitativ med semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tre behandlingspedagoger som är verksamma inom skolan. Resultatet tolkades utifrån bakgrundslitteraturen.

Studien ska ge mig och de som läser studien en insikt i vikten av och hur man kan använda sig av verklighetsanknytning. Genom denna uppsats ska läraren kunna få en grundläggande förståelse samt en hjälp kring de didaktiska bitarna av verklighetsanknytning. Lärare bör kunna koppla samman skolans värld med verkligheten och utöka elevernas förståelse för dess samband. Studien visar att verklighetsanknuten undervisning motiverar och stimulerar eleverna. I flera fall finns stöd från bland annat Deweys, Vygotskiljs och Kants teorier för studiens resultat.

In my essay I have examined how teachers look upon their role as leader in the classroom. I have interviewed six teachers, senior level ones and teachers from the upper secondary school, about how they look upon tasks that involve planning, control, motivation, groups, and individuals. Based on their answers, I have analyzed if there is anything that can be related to a common leader competence within their profession and, in that case, how it will appear.The result that I have found has been that it exists a common leadership style that teachers are more or less conscious of. The teachers decide on what level the classes or the pupils are andafter that decision they plan their education. The leadership in the classroom can be of different kinds depending on the situation.

This study is primarily an account of my examination work in archival science which took place in the archive of Margareta Böttiger, the state epidemiologist at the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control Stockholm. The records are from Böttigers period of work, mainly divided into three parts, polio, HIVS/AIDS and vaccination. Of these I have focused on polio with was the area she got renowned for. Moreover, owing to the uniqueness of the material this study has focused on the properties of the archive as a working-life archive which I propose as a special type of personal archive with unique attributes. To summarize, a working-life archive has in comparison with other personal archives a more fluid process of archiving where the profession is important, not the personal production of records.

The purpose of this study is to investigate, and if possible explain, how background, childhood, and education in a municipal or regional context can affect young peoples? life trajectories.The living conditions for the population in the coastal region Roslagen with its geographical and historical specificities has during centuries largely been characterized by practical crafts-manship. With a growing share of non-permanent residents in the region with demand for help and services, this culture has during the later years been able to prosper. The social reproduc-tion in the municipality also seems to be extensive. In addition to original background, appar-ently the municipality?s service-dominated trade and industry culture has also affected the choice of education and profession of the youth in Norrtälje.

My aim was to get a deeper insight about the parish clerk and how this profession has changed over time in Sweden from the Middle Ages up to the eighteenth century. Who was the parish clerk? Is it possible to find out in what way his duties changed over time? The information mainly derives from written historical sources, such aslaws. It seems like the parish clerk in the countryside often was a layman whom had to be approved by the parish, the parish priest or the bishop. His position in the early Middle Ages seems to have taken the form of assistant to the priest, participating in the liturgy.

Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva upplevelsen av MS-relaterad fatigue, hur den påverkade vardagen och val av egenvårdsstrategier.Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Resultatdelen innehåller 15 st vetenskapliga artiklar, varav 8 st har en kvantitativ ansats, 5 st har en kvalitativ ansats och 2 st har båda ansatserna. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl och genom manuell sökning.Resultat: MS-relaterad fatigue var en unik och individuell upplevelse. Fatigue hade en multidimensionell och handikappande inverkan på vardagen, som berörde såväl fysiska, psykiska, sociala och kognitiva aspekter. Personer med MS hade utvecklat olika egenvårdsstragier för att minska, förebygga och dölja konsekvenserna av fatigue. Tre av artiklarna saknade en tillräcklig beskrivning av inklusions- och exklusionkriterier. Fyra artiklar saknade en adekvat beskrivning av bortfall. Slutsats: MS-relaterad fatigue bidrog till en försämring av fysiska, psykiska, sociala och kognitiva funktioner och stod i direkt relation till sämre livskvalitet.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka en eventuell professionaliseringsprocess inom informatörsnätverket i Värmland. Nätverket som består av 117 yrkesverksamma informatörer i Värmland fungerar som ett forum för kompetensutveckling för länets informatörer, och har för avsikt att sätta fokus på yrkesrollen informatör.För att kunna besvara våra frågeställningar valde vi att göra en kvantitativ undersökning genom elektroniska enkäter. Populationen bestod av informatörsnätverket i Värmlands samtliga medlemmar.Utifrån resultatet drog vi slutsatsen att: nätverket är en social värld, där en professionalisering av yrket informatör sker på både ett medvetet och ett omedvetet plan. Svaren från enkäterna visar på att det sker en social utestängning genom språkbruk och genom en gemensam uppfattning kring yrket informatör som profession..

Cultural relict plant species from the Nordic countries have been collected by the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) for the purpose of conservation. To ensure high seed vitality in store, regular germination tests need to be conducted. It is important to get a correct viability status, but the knowledge of seed dormancy in the cultural relict plants is often poor. The objective of this study was to investigate how seed dormancy is affected by cold stratification. The study includes 31 accessions from 28 species with the purpose of establishing germination protocols.