Ethical evaluation of scientific studies carried out using animals is legally mandated in many countries and has been so in Sweden for over three decades. The animal ethics committees (AECs) responsible for the task have however been subjected to criticism; common critique being that the wrong issues are discussed and that the ethical evaluation is thus incomplete, that there is a lack of coherence across committees and that the committees are not as democratic as they might appear. This study investigates the view of Swedish AEC members on a number of issues in order to shed some light on the mandate and functioning of the committees, and on the grounds for ongoing criticism. In a survey and interviews AEC members and other persons connected to the committees gave their views on the AEC task in relation to their roles, the ethical evaluation per se and whether or not emotions such as empathy play any part in it. There were significant differences found between AEC member categories and several issues were encountered, many of which have been stressed in previous studies.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka likheter och skillnader i undervisningen som finns mellan en grundsärskoleklass och en grundskoleklass. Undersökningens metod är strukturerade observationer genomförda av två observatörer i en grundskoleklass och i en särskoleklass på samma skola. Olika aspekter av undervisningen observerades, av vilka några kan anses utgöra förutsättningar för en inkluderande undervisning. Dessa är: samarbete mellan pedagoger i undervisningen, ledarskapsmodeller, cooperativt lärande (samarbetsinlärning), dynamisk pedagogik samt samarbete mellan pedagoger i problemlösande undervisning. Resultatet visar på likhet mellan de båda skolformerna beträffande användandet av en organismisk modell med ett demokratiskt ledarskap, där grundsärskolans pedagoger endast använder det aningen mer frekvent än grundskolans pedagoger.

This thesis is a study of residential environments and a design concept for a proposed housing area in Tierp. The industrial era created a need for the central planning of housing. The confined environments that arised in cities during the 19th century, together with modernistic and democratic ideas, led to regulations in planning and housing. Though the overall goal has been the same: to create a good standard in living, the ideas of how to achieve that have varied. The starting point for following generations has been to attend to the insufficiencies of the earlier planning periods.

The European history of bath has its roots in the Greek culture about 2500 years ago. In every Greek town was situated at least one center of culture, a gymnasium, that contained bath establishements, areas for physical training, restaurants, librarys and readingrooms. Already 400 B.C. Hippokrates, founder of the art of healing, spoke for the waters important qualities in medical treatements. After the Greeks the Romans overtook and maintained the polished manners of bathing, and thanks to them the culture spread to the north of Europe. During the middleages the art of swimming was well respected among soldiers and knights, and was frequently practised in tournament games and competitions. At the same time the bathhouses were developed in the towns of Europe.

SammanfattningAnalysen undersöker meningserbjudandet gällande konsumentfrågor i tre läroböcker inom hem- och konsumentkunskap, med utgångspunkt i kursplan 2000 (Skolverket, 2000a). Först definierades och avgränsades konsumentfrågorna med hjälp av konsumtionsprocessen (Bjurström, 2004, McGregor, 2011a). Det andra steget i analysen var att kategorisera det befintliga konsumentinnehållet utifrån tre undervisningsstrategier: fakta-, normerande- och pluralistisk undervisningsstrategi (Skolverket, 2002, Kronlid & Öhman, 2010). Som ett tredje steg genomfördes en analys även av kursplan 2000, med hjälp av de tre undervisningsstrategierna. Detta tredje steg utgick ifrån antagandet att läroböckernas legitimitet och relevans styrs av kursplanen (Sellander, 1988, Lundgren, 1989, Englund, 2011).

SammanfattningAnalysen undersöker meningserbjudandet gällande konsumentfrågor i tre läroböcker inom hem- och konsumentkunskap, med utgångspunkt i kursplan 2000 (Skolverket, 2000a). Först definierades och avgränsades konsumentfrågorna med hjälp av konsumtionsprocessen (Bjurström, 2004, McGregor, 2011a). Det andra steget i analysen var att kategorisera det befintliga konsumentinnehållet utifrån tre undervisningsstrategier: fakta-, normerande- och pluralistisk undervisningsstrategi (Skolverket, 2002, Kronlid & Öhman, 2010). Som ett tredje steg genomfördes en analys även av kursplan 2000, med hjälp av de tre undervisningsstrategierna. Detta tredje steg utgick ifrån antagandet att läroböckernas legitimitet och relevans styrs av kursplanen (Sellander, 1988, Lundgren, 1989, Englund, 2011).

For several years has there been a leading line from the government and the municipalities in Sweden to invest in schools and school grounds. The outdoor environment of schools has been rediscovered and given a greater importance. Investments have been made both practically with reconstruction and in a research context. Although, my work started with an assumption that these investments were mainly made at primary schools, and that secondary schools were set aside. The thesis This is my schoolyard.