The aim of the study was auditing medical records examine postoperative blood glucose levels after undergoing CABG surgery. Furthermore the aim was to determine if the ward staff abides the local guidelines frame of reference concerning each ward, regarding blood glucose measurements and blood glucose levels. The study included 70 patients undergoing CABG surgery at the cardiothoracic surgery, Uppsala University Hospital. The study was conducted by retrospective medical record auditing. Studied factors were postoperative blood glucose levels, number of registered blood glucose measurements, a current diagnosis of DM and preoperative HbA1c.

Bristande compliance till läkemedelsordinationer vid kronisk sjukdom är idag ett vanligt förekommande problem inom sjukvården. Detta bidrar till ökade kostnader för sjukvården men hindrar också effektiv behandling, vilket kan utgöra hinder för patienters upplevelse av hälsa och välbefinnande. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån patientens perspektiv beskriva faktorer bakom bristande compliance vid kronisk sjukdom. Uppsatsen är utförd genom en litteraturöversikt där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier jämförts och sammanställts. I resultatet framkommer sju teman vilka samtliga beskriver bakomliggande orsaker till bristande compliance.

Introduction: Good hand hygiene practice is the single most important measure to reduce the spread of bacteria and viruses in healthcare. For nurses, this has become more important as the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitals is increasingObjective: To identify factors that are important for adherence to hand hygiene among health care workers with patient contact.Method: Systematic literature review. Original articles were searched in PubMed and Cinahl.Results: Factors of importance for compliance was profession, lack of time, knowledge/education, physical work environment, attitudes toward hand hygiene, and dry hands.Conclusion: More education, less workload and more visible placement of hand disinfectant containers are examples of actions that could lead to the improvement of staff hand hygiene and reduce the incidence of healthcare associated infections. Due to the fact that health care workers around the world have different training and approaches, the result of this study may be difficult to use. To increase adherence to hand hygiene, a similar study limited to a specific country, such as Sweden, would therefore be interesting to carry through.Keywords: hand hygiene, Infection Control, Compliance..

The connection between management control systems for controlling sustainability and a firm's motivation for engaging in sustainability is not completely understood (Arjaliès & Mundy, 2013). The aim of this thesis is to develop a more profound understanding for management control in achieving sustainable companies. To do this, we raise the question: How and to what extent do companies use management control systems to achieve sustainability compliance Simons's Levers of Control (1995) are applied to this question in order to get a consistent and thorough insight of management control systems. Hence, a case study of ABB:s work to achieve material compliance in accordance with EU-regulation was conducted. The findings of the case study reveal that ABB uses the regulations as explicit goals and implement them in sustainability procedures.

Kritiskt sjuka patienter riskerar att utveckla malnutrition och ska erhålla nutritionsstöd i form av enteral nutrition (EN) och parenteral nutrition (PN). Trots att flödesscheman för EN används på många intensivvårdsavdelningar får patienter sällan 100 % av ordinerat kaloribehov. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera införandet av flödesschema för enteral nutrition på en neurokirurgisk intensivvårdsavdelning (NIVA). Som metod valdes en retrospektiv, kvantitativ studie. En granskning av journaldata från förgruppen (n =28), fem månader innan införandet av flödesschemat och data ifrån eftergruppen (n =20), fem månader efter införandet av flödesschemat har gjorts.

Ett av målen med Mobil Intensivvårdsgrupp (MIG) på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna är att erbjuda intensivvårdskunnande och expertis för att höja kunskapsnivån på respektive vårdavdelning. Syftet med denna undersökning var att utvärdera om sjuksköterskorna på vårdavdelningarna upplevde att MIG fungerade som ett tillfälle till bedsideundervisning. En strukturerad intervju genomfördes med ett eget utformat frågeformulär, 47 sjuksköterskor deltog i undersökningen. Det framkom i resultatet att MIG förmedlade kunskap till vårdavdelningarna. Resultatet visade även att sjuksköterskor som arbetat i mindre än fem år upplevde att MIG var ett tillfälle till bedsideundervisning, i högre utsträckning än sjuksköterskor som arbetat i fem år eller mer.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of informing relatives to critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodThe study was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Nine nurses were interviewed. The study took place in a university hospital in the midst of Sweden. An interview guide was used, designed in consensus with the study questions. Data was analyzed via qualitative content analysis.FindingsMeeting and preparing relatives at the arrival at the ICU seemed valuable and led to safety and participation among relatives.

Introduktion: Begreppet compliance används i optiker- världen för att benämna hur väl en kontaktlinspatient följer instruktioner för linsbärande.En debatt pågår om hur e-handel av kontaktlinser ska kunna skötas för att inte riskera patientsäkerheten. Motståndare till e-handel av kontaktlinser hävdar att det största hotet mot patientsäkerheten är icke-compliance.Syftet med denna undersökning var att undersöka om linsbärare som köper sina kontaktlinser på Internet skiljer sig i compliance gentemot de som köper kontaktlinser i butikMetod: En enkät med 27 frågor som berörde linsskötsel samt hur de medverkande såg på sitt linsbärande delades ut till 53 personer på bland annat kontor och offentliga platser. Enkätsvaren sammanställdes i ett poängsystem, där höga poäng betyder god compliance.Resultat: Totalt blev det 19 stycken Internetköpare och 28 stycken butiksköpare. Medelpoängen blev 23,68 för Internetköparna och 21,07 för butiksköparna. Alltså är de som köper sina kontaktlinser på Internet mer compliant än de som köper i optikerbutik enligt den här studien.Diskussion: Resultatet är mycket intressant och kan tyda på att det kanske är så att Internetköpare tar större ansvar för sitt linsbärande eftersom de känner av ett större ansvar..

This is a qualitative study based on eight interviews, four of which have been probation inspectors and three have been external controllers, or controllers as they say, and one have been an email interview with the headquarters of the correctional treatment. The interviews have been made on probation service offices in southern Sweden.The purpose of this study is to investigate how the professionals in Probation service see their work with intensive supervision with electronic monitoring. We are interested in their work from mainly three aspects, how they look at their control, how they see the intensive supervision with electronic monitoring as collective punishment and how they work with the client's family.In our results it emerges through interviews that probation staff in general find it difficult to work with the Children Convention (CRC) and the law when it comes to intensive supervision with electronic monitoring. They mostly do not believe that intensive supervision with electronic monitoring is a collective punishment for the adults but when it comes to children it becomes a longer discussion with different arguments and thoughts.Our results have found that in comparison to prison, most people seem to find that intensive supervision with electronic monitoring is a decent punishment. Most of the professionals are aware, and think it's important to recognize, that they are in a position of power in relation to the client.In the analysis, we establish an outcome from the interviews into our theories and trying to find a connection between them..

This thesis aims to investigate what requirements companies have in order to achieve a successful legislative compliance control. The implementation of an environmental management system can help the company to structure their business and succeed with their environmental legislative compliance.Both small and medium sized businesses perceive that it is difficult and time consuming because the legislation can be difficult to interpret if you do not have the required knowledge. There are many companies that hire help in the form of consultants who audit their compliance, but this leads to a risk that the company will be exposed when the knowledge does not remain in the company if the consultant would cancel the cooperation. There are not so many tools today for businesses to obtain good legal compliance. The methods used are usually checklists included in the control program, and it costs a lot of resources to do everything needed.This study strives to deliver the expressed needs of the businesses.

The following thesis is examining compliance with EU-law from a member state perspective. The variation in the compliance level between the member states from 1995 to 2005 is analyzed to prove the fact that the Nordic member countries during the measured time period experienced a low number of infringements. The infringements that did occur were resolved faster and more efficient in the Nordic countries then in the other member states. The theory used to explain the Nordic compliance rate is divided between external and internal pressure in a pull and push model. The external pressure is illustrated with argumentative persuasion from the EU-commission to the individual member states; how the state responds to the persuasion in order to act compliant.

Are we able to help younger students to develop their understanding and their use of the capital letter, dot and question mark by giving them intensive teaching on the subject during a short period, and would the effect be long lasting?I decided to investigate this together with young students in second and third grade and at the same time try to see which grade would benefit most.By using an experimental research design I conducted the investigation in a class with children from both grades where the result was compared with two similar control groups. The investigation lasted during five months, while the students were able to show their knowledge in the subject just before and after a two weeks period of intensive teaching and then again after four months.The result showed that the intensive teaching had an effect that lasted over time and that it was the students in second grade that would benefit most. .

Title: A study about conditions for leadership in knowledge-intensive firms.Authors: Cecilia Ekström and Niklas SandbergKeywords: Leadership, knowledge-intensive firm, hierarchies, followers.Background: Leadership is becoming one of our greatest social myths and is considered a total solution for many problems that occur in an organization. The view of leadership is usually from a top-down perspective, which contributes to an often underestimated view of the follower. Just as it is important to understand the leader's view of leadership, it is important to understand how employees view the structure from which the leader derives its legitimacy. The existing conditions in knowledge-intensive firms, such as autonomy, place special demands on the formal leadership.Purpose: The purpose of this study takes an employee perspective, to understand what the conditions are for formal leadership in knowledge-intensive firms.Method: A qualitative research method was used and empirical material was collected through interviews with employees in knowledge-intensive firms. The empirical material was analyzed by the respondents? mental images which were set against the theoretical framework of the thesis.Conclusions: The conditions for formal leadership in knowledge-intensive firms make it advantageous to have a leader with a withdrawn role.

Title: A study about conditions for leadership in knowledge-intensive firms.Authors: Cecilia Ekström and Niklas SandbergKeywords: Leadership, knowledge-intensive firm, hierarchies, followers.Background: Leadership is becoming one of our greatest social myths and is considered a total solution for many problems that occur in an organization. The view of leadership is usually from a top-down perspective, which contributes to an often underestimated view of the follower. Just as it is important to understand the leader's view of leadership, it is important to understand how employees view the structure from which the leader derives its legitimacy. The existing conditions in knowledge-intensive firms, such as autonomy, place special demands on the formal leadership.Purpose: The purpose of this study takes an employee perspective, to understand what the conditions are for formal leadership in knowledge-intensive firms.Method: A qualitative research method was used and empirical material was collected through interviews with employees in knowledge-intensive firms. The empirical material was analyzed by the respondents? mental images which were set against the theoretical framework of the thesis.Conclusions: The conditions for formal leadership in knowledge-intensive firms make it advantageous to have a leader with a withdrawn role.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att bland patienter med långvarig smärta, som är remitterade till en smärtmottagning, undersöka förväntningar avseende det första besöket, i vilken utsträckning patienterna anser att dessa uppfylldes samt att undersöka vilka förväntningar patienterna har på den fortsatta vården och kontakten med Smärtmottagningen. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvalitativ deduktiv ansats. Datainsamling skedde genom att tio personer intervjuades på Smärtmottagningen efter deras första besök. Materialet bearbetades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Patienter vid Smärtmottagningen hade i olika stor utsträckning förväntningar inför det första besöket och den fortsatta vården.