What is a city? What do we mean when we describe something as urban? In what way should we build the city so that we can achieve a good environment for our own generation and for generations to come? These questions are constantly of interest and they are frequently discussed. It is also important to have considered these questions when working with city-planning. This essay contains a description of and reflections about the recurrent questions in today?s debate about the city and city-planning.

This thesis examines history of the subject of mechatronics and innovation. The main reason tostudy mechatronics from a historical point of view is that it has never been done to a greater extent before. An overview is justified because various definitions have been used over the decades, but nowadays the subject has become more established. Focus in this thesis is mainly on development of the subject of mechatronics at Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Innovation is the other aspect of this thesis.

Författarna finner att dagens teori saknar tydliga riktlinjer för hur praktiker i den svenska banksektorn bör använda sig av intern marknadsföring. Bristen av en klar definition av begreppet medför svårigheter att applicera teorin på strategiarbetet och använda de verktyg som finns att tillgå i befintlig forskning. Nuvarande forskning visar på vikten av intern marknadsföring i alla organisationer, och då främst inom servicesektorn. Studierna som har gjorts är emellertid baserade på sektorer utomlands, vilket innebär svårigheter för svenska banker att tillämpa resultatet inom sin egen organisation, menar författarna. Författarna ämnar därför undersöka intern marknadsföring och dess effekt på uppfattade konkurrensfördelar på den svenska banksektorn och författarna har valt att fokusera på svenska fullsortimentsbanker.

AbstractEqual opportunities from an employer brand perspective- What does the future manpower inquire?Authors: Erik Frick & Niklas HalldénInstructor: Karin JonnergårdExaminer: Sarah PhilipsonBackgroundWe are living in a society that originates from a patriarchy founded many thousand years ago. This has put women in an inferior position in the labour market. To promote equal opportunities we argue for that companies can utilise employer brand. Employer brand is a new theoretic concept that is being used more frequently among scholars and companies.Presentation of the problem? Which role do equal opportunities play to attract potential manpower from an employer brand perspective?MethodOur method has a quantitative approach and we have choosen to carry out a survey.

Products and services have for a long time competed with their brands. For some time now, cities have begun to compete with each other to attract visitors and other stakeholders to come to their town. It is important that the citizens feel as they are a part of the message that the city sends out in its communication.Cities are today working actively with their brands, much like regular companies, in order to create the profile and image in order to be competitive against other cities and places. Cities and places are part of a dynamic process which includes both positive and negative events. These events might have an impact on the brands, and therefore it is a necessity to be able to react on these events to make the most of positive things and deal with the negative in a way that minimizes the effects on the brand.Citybranding as a research field is quite new.

This essay is focusing on leadership and motivation in the creative process. The perception on the leadership has changed over time. Today?s leadership theories suggest that the leadership should be adapted after the organisations conditions. Due to the increasing globalization, companies are forced to operate in an increasingly competitive market.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to give a contribution to the studies of what strategies those are of importance for challengers in consumer technological markets aiming for the market leader position. To be able to investigate this phenomenon we have chosen to study Microsoft?s second position in the video game console industry. In addition, we want to illuminate Microsoft?s competitive advantages, how Microsoft can take advantage from Sony?s setbacks and what strategies those are of importance for Microsoft in the battle of becoming the market leader.

The focus of the thesis is: how conditions for agriculture in the Republic of Macedonia today may form the basis for development of the agricultural sector towards conditions needed for future accession into the European Union. The method for investigating this question has been to look at newly available farm monitoring system (FMS) data from Macedonia. Also to look at the latest government policies created in the country for the agricultural sector and rural areas in relation to the requirements for EU accession. Articles and empirical studies published by other authors related to the questions which arise in this study have been reviewed and presented herein. Trade relations, trade patterns and national economic and agricultural trends are displayed to provide a background overview for the study of the agricultural sector.

A wish for a higher standard of living has driven the rate of consumption in Sweden. Mainfocus in business is on a higher growth and profitability where some companies use a lowprice strategy to win competitive advantage. The positive consumption pattern spiral is oftendiscussed in media, while criticism is limited and often refers to the environment. In order toreduce our ecological footprint we should consume more sustainably. More and morecompanies implement CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) in their business strategy tobecome more sustainable.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur manliga brottare på elitnivå hanterar ängslan inför och under ett svenskt mästerskap. De frågeställningar som använts för att uppfylla syftet är:Vilka copingstrategier använder sig rutinerade brottare av inför en match jämfört med mindre rutinerade brottare?Upplevs ängslan i huvudsak som positiv eller negativ för prestationen?Finns det skillnader i hur rutinerade brottare hanterar ängslan jämfört med mindre rutinerade brottare inför och under ett SM?MetodVi har använt oss av både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ metod, där den kvantitativa delen består av en enkät, Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R (CSAI-2R) som 18 manliga brottare (viktklass74 kg) mellan 17 och 32 år, fick fylla i. Den kvalitativa delen består av fyra intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna valdes ut efter tidigare internationella prestationer på seniornivå.

This essay reviews the situation for real estate agencies within the Stockholm area. In this essay we assume that costumer loyalty is a requirement for survival on the competitive estate market. Two actors have been compared; A well known national Internet-based agency, Skandia Mäklarna, and a smaller local traditional agent Mäklarfirman Grönberg. These actors have been analyzed up on theories on loyalty, relationship marketing, service marketing, quality and involvement .The conclusion of the essay is that it is possible for small estate agencies to compeed with larger Internet based agencies by building loyal relationships with their customers. This can be achieved if the right strategic decisions are made.

The economic development and competitiveness in Europe is heavily dependent on an efficient transport system. Movement of goods and people is essential for a competitive industry and successful trade. As a result of an intensified transport business, consumption of fossil fuels has increased dramatically. As a consequence, there are increased emissions of dangerous greenhouse gases. Transports are often mentioned as an area with high impact on the environment.

Bees are of importance for the global food security. In Europe 84% and in the World 35% of all the agricultural crops are dependent of animal pollination (Winfree et al., 2011:1). In agricultural production there is a huge lack of pollinators (Azien & Harden, 2009). A problem that is widely spread. In Sweden the problem becomes clear when looking at the statistics of the number of bee colonies during the last 20 years, where it has been a decline with 63 % (Statistiska Centralbyrån & Jordbruksverket, 2011).

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarIntentionen med studien är att undersöka hur idrottslärare uppfattar begreppet idrott och hur detta återspeglas i undervisningen. Vad för definition har idrottslärare på begreppet idrott?Vad har lärarna för syn på tävlingsmoment i undervisningen?Vilka svårigheter finner lärarna kring bedömning inom ämnet?MetodFör att samla in de data som behövdes för studien användes kvalitativa intervjuer. Urvalsgruppen bestod av fyra lärare som undervisar i ämnet idrott och hälsa i samtliga årskurser, lågstadiet till och med gymnasiet.ResultatResultaten visar att lärarnas definition av idrott delvis speglas i deras tidigare erfarenheter men att det inte påverkar undervisningen i någon större utsträckning. Tävlingsmomentet ses som en motivationsfaktor men även något som kan ha en hämmande effekt på elevens prestation och inlärning. Svårigheter finns även i bedömningen då den är subjektiv, dock upplever lärare som varit verksamma inom ämnet en längre tid inte samma svårigheter som de mindre erfarna.SlutsatsStudiens resultat visar att ens tidigare erfarenheter av idrott har betydelse för hur man definierar det, dock verkar detta inte påverka undervisningens upplägg.Samtliga lärare är överens om att tävling motiverar många elever.

Songs from the Crypt: Mapping the Forces that Hinder the Digital Revolution of Music Distribution This paper seeks an explanation to the low market share growth of the commercial digital music distribution in Sweden. The analysis identifies a spectrum of obstacles that hinder the digital distribution technology from becoming the main form of music distribution in Sweden. These obstacles make the digital music distribution less favourable in comparison with physical distribution from the consumer?s point of view. The authors suggest that in order for the digital distribution of music to become competitive the digital product would either have to be developed further to offer more customer value or the so called a là carte retail model would have to be replaced by a subscription-based distribution model.