For a company to get the best possible profitability, requires financial planning. Budgeting isa common tool in financial planning. For operating lamb producers, a planning program suchas Agriwise is a good tool. Individual lamb producers may change certain standard figureswithin the planning program to better correspond with reality of the individual cases. In thisway, lamb producers may plan according to which revenues and costs they may expect thenext period.

The national spatial planning guidelines and the subsequent legal regulation in the Natural Resources Act and the Environmental Code has been a part of the Swedish planning system for almost 40 years. In the recent years, critics have claimed that the regulations are outdated and does not work the way it was intended. This paper examines closer why it is perceived that the regulations does not work, with a focus on how the national interests are managed in the municipal planning. Why is the national interests not applied in the municipal planning as intended? Is the error in the system or in the implementation of it? The aim of this essay is to study the gap between theory and practice by studying how the land management provisions in the Environmental Code is applied in five selected municipalities.

This study aims to theoretically investigate the concepts of the interpersonal actions 'to motivate' and 'to manipulate' and also to examine possible differences and similarities between the two. The method used is a conceptual review based on the Self-Determination Theory, related to the concept of motivation, and Machiavellianism, related to the concept of manipu-lation. The results show that 'to motivate', according to Self-Determination Theory, concerns influencing the intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, where intrinsic motivation is related to the feeling of self-determination, inner locus of causality, being or feeling competent and exercise activities for the pleasure of it, whilst extrinsic motivation is related to external locus of cau-sality, external pressure and engaging in activities for the purpose of reaching a goal or re-ward. 'To manipulate' is according to Machiavellianism based on the manipulator doing whatever it takes to reach a certain goal and gain something for himself with no regard of what methods being used. The comparative analysis showed that the crucial difference in how an behaviour is interpreted as either, or both, motivating and manipulative is based on who is doing the interpretation, what information she has and which aspects that are focused on..

The purpose of this essay is to examine the development of the use of private securitycontractors in Iraq. The reason is that there has been a considerable increase of the number ofprivate security firms operating in Iraq during the last couple of years. The legislation in thefield of private military and security is indistinct and my hypothesis is that the lack of nationaland/or international legislation can be connected to the increased globalization. To come toany conclusions about this I have chosen to make a Comparative study between the two casesthe Gulf War and the War in Iraq which started in 2003. In this comparison, I ask thefollowing questions: 1) Are there any signs of anarchy in the field of private security duringthe Gulf War respectively the last War in Iraq? 2) In what way has the use of private securitycontractors changed from Case 1 to Case 2 ?According to my research, there were signs of anarchy in the field of private security bothduring the Gulf War and during the latest war in Iraq.

A challenge faced by marketers is to make their products stand out in today's cluttered marketplace. Recently, a new approach to attract attention has been observed - brands communicating their products by making fun of other brands. This way of parodying a competitor, or even an unrelated brand, is a risky but potentially effective way to increase attention. Brand parodies walk a fine line between being humorous and clever, or coming off as offensive. Furthermore, parodying another trademark poses legal considerations.

Titel: Comparative study between traditional seminars and webinars for marketing purpose. Level:Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business AdministrationAuthor:Peter Nicks and Alexander WidellSupervisor:Aihie OsarenkhoeDate:2011 ? JanuaryAim:We want to examine how businesses can use webinars to supplement or replace seminars in its industrial marketing. When should businesses use seminars, when should they use webinars and when should they use a combination of the two?Method:We have chosen to do a combination of quantitative and qualitative research.

With the end of the Cold War the number of conflicts where the United Nations have intervened has increased dramatically. This has entailed a need for a burden-sharing between the UN and regional organizations regarding management of conflicts. The aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and the efficiency in the efforts undertaken by ECOWAS and the UN during the civil war in Sierra Leone, through using theories on conflict resolution and the advantages of regional organizations in conflict resolution.My conclusion is that both ECOWAS and the UN were quite successful in managing the conflict and had an impact on the resolution of the war, although both peace operations suffered from internal problems. ECOWAS was effective in managing the conflict and in its mediating efforts as an insider from the region. The UN was more efficient in managing to attain their goals.

Sammanfattning Elaine Kotte, Progressiva genusglasögon ? En komparativ studie med den svenska och den brasilianska läroplanen i blickfånget (Gender viewed through bifocals ? A Comparative study of the Brazilian and Swedish National Curricula) Syftet med uppsatsen är att uppnå en djupare förståelse för skolpolitiska jämställdhetsfrågor genom en komparativ studie mellan den svenska (Lpo 94) och den brasilianska läroplanen (PCN). Resultatet av jämförelsen visar att ländernas läroplaner har en klar intention att förmedla jämställdhet som ett kunskapsområde och demokratisk värdegrund. Däremot finns det likheter, skillnader samt omfattning i läroplanernas och kursplanernas förmedling för måluppfyllelse mellan länderna. Medan riktlinjerna beskrivs i koncisa och allmänna ordalag i Lpo 94 är de mera övergripande och detaljerade i PCN. Jag har även, genom digitala enkätintervjuer med lärarutbildare i Sverige och Brasilien, fått en begränsad inblick i lärarutbildningens insatser kring genusfrågeställningar relaterade till läroplanens jämställdhetsriktlinjer i respektive land. Nyckelord: Brasilien, genus, jämställdhet, kursplan, Lpo 94, läroplan, PCN, Sverige..

The present study is primarily of historiographical type, but also uses comparative method and qualitative text analysis. It mainly aims to explore how Germany and the issue of guilt have been portrayed in Swedish and German nonfiction literature (excluding teaching materials) during the years 1996-2010, in the context of the Holocaust, but also makes a comparison between these two countries' depictions. Furthermore, it also examines whether it is possible to link the various depictions to specific theories, in this case determinism together with the actor and structural perspectives, as well as to other potential factors such as the authors' personal connections to the Holocaust or the millennium. In addition, overall trends is an aspect which is examined. Despite the fact that the Holocaust has been the subject of extensive research, no study with the same selection as this one has been carried out before.

This thesis explores the narrow spaces between closely built houses in the over 300-year-old wooden town center of Mariestad, Sweden, and their potential as time capsules and sources of knowledge in cultural-historical building investigations. By interpreting well-preserved carpentry work on a facade in one of these spaces, the study aims to provide an example of how these preserved spaces can serve as a source of knowledge and understanding of craftsmanship and the history of the place. The thesis also addresses the municipality of Mariestad's work with cultural heritage, as well as maps out more of these potentially interesting interstitial spaces. Old Swedish wooden towns possess a high degree of uniqueness both nationally and internationally; nevertheless, they are subjected to relatively significant threats of demolitions and substantial changes, often in the form of many smaller restorations or changes over a long period of time. The focus of the case study is a window from the 16th or 17th century and the facade's old, hand planed wooden cladding.

I föreliggande uppsats studeras Ryszard Kapuscinskis bok Ebenholts (sv. 2000). Syftet är att närläsa texten och söka förståelse för de narrativa och berättarmässiga tekniker, som är centrala i förståelsen av Kapuscinski. Teoristoffet grundar sig främst på Arne Melbergs tankar kring reselitteratur i kombination med utvalda delar från det postkoloniala fältet..

Bakgrunden till vår studie är att naturvetenskap och teknik fått större plats i förskolans läroplan samtidigt som studier visat på att det finns brister i arbetet med dessa ämnen på skolor och förskolor. Syftet med studien var att få syn på likheter och skillnader i hur fyra förskollärare, från en ämnesinriktad och en traditionell förskola, ser på naturvetenskap och teknik samt arbetssätt och ämneskunskapens betydelse. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie och som metod valde vi att göra enskilda intervjuer som spelades in med ljudupptagning. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som använts i analysen har fokus på det sociokulturella perspektivet. Resultatet visar att de likheter som finns är att förskollärarna anser att grunden för barns lärande är ett utforskande och undersökande arbetsätt i samspel med barn och vuxna.

Abstract:Styrdokument i musikämnet-En komparativ studie av norska och svenska styrdokument i Musikämnet i skolan.(Music Subject governing documents- A Comparative study of Norwegian and Swedish policy documents in the Music subject in school)The purpose of this study is to compare the Norwegian and Swedish policy documents on teaching in the Music topic. The comparison also applies to the requirements which have been in Sweden over time. In comparison, the policy document LGR 11 from Sweden, analyzed, and the governing documents MUS1-01 and R94 from the Norwegian School.The main issue in the study is: How does the policy documents for the topic music in Sweden, compared to Norway? In order to answer the question, I compared the above-mentioned policy documents and set in relation to the musical substance is designed in Norway and Sweden.In curriculum theory treats one problem based approaches in structural functionalism, pragmatism, social epistemology and post structuralism. The starting points are then used to explore various relationships between curriculum theory and didactics.The principal researcher and proponent of curriculum theory is Ulf Lundgren.

Att beträda Ann Jäderlunds poetiska landskap i samlingen Som en gång varit äng är en omtumlande upplevelse. Den värld man möter i dikterna är rik på symboler/metaforer och bilder insvepta i bedrägligt prunkande grönska med starkt erotiska undertoner. Dikternas utgångspunkt är ofta traditionella bilder av kvinnligt/manligt som sedan bearbetas och dekonstrueras. Denna dekonstruktion av konventionella och vedertagna begrepp analyseras i min uppsats, ur ett feministiskt/eklektiskt perspektiv, genom fördjupade närläsningar av den poetiska texten. .

The response to many on-going or emerging conflicts since the beginning of the 21st century has been different forms of multinational complex peace operations. Civil-military relations are a commonly studied field that traditionally has its focus on nations. This study intends, in the context of organisations, to test the correlation between a civil-military approach and outcome in complex peace operations. A hypothesis has been deduced from researcher Robert Egnell?s theory on complex peace operations, that states that: UN peace operations with an integrated civil-military approach are more successful in achieving their goals than peace operations with a divided approach.