Problem: For what type of investors are index funds versus exchange-traded index funds best suited?Objective: The purpose of the paper is to determine how an index fund or an exchange-traded index fund (ETF) suits different types of investors with different requirements in terms of time frame, investment size and purpose of investment. The comparison is based on fees and trade practicality. This is going to describe the advantages and disadvantages with the two different financial instruments.Method: The study is a comparative study using two methods; one of which is a case study, the other is a qualitative interview. The case study focuses on fees and is made on an exchange traded fund (XACT OMXS30) and a simple equity index fund (Erik Pensér equity enhanced index).

Abstract The purpose of this project is to develop a modular processor card which is intended to work as a platform for Kitron Development Karlskoga. The modular processor card is meant to be used as a control system in development projects, mainly in medical and industrial products. The processor card will consist of a central unit with the basic functions for a control system. Furthermore there will be complete modules with machine commodity and programming, to pick exactly the necessary functions for a specific application. With consideration to the specification of the development and the main unit, I chose an adequate microprocessor (AT90CAN32) as core and interface circuits to stated border areas. The construction is first completed in the program MultiSim and then remade in the program OrCAD Capture. The programming language C was used in the software model.

Illegal logging and its related trade is of great concern around the world. The European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) is a regulatory approach by the EU to prevent illegal timber and timber products to be placed on the European Union inner market. This means the regulation affects both actors in the member countries as well as the actors exporting timber and timber products to the EU from non EU member countries. This study aims to study the implementation process of the EUTR in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H), and its preconditions. Institutional theory is used to understand and explain how the EUTR affects B-H organisations? business environment, and how the organisations choose to respond to the EUTR.

Abstract The overall aim of this paper is to examine the impact of ideologies and norms on a legal system. Against a background of a description of the hierarchy of norms in Swedish labour law and in European Union law, respectively, the paper aims to specifically demonstrate the problems caused by the different hierarchies of norms when implementing EU directives in Swedish labor law. The research question examines how the trade unions? right to industrial action towards an undertaker providing transnational services by posting of workers, is affected by the implementation of the Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. The paper answers the question under what conditions the Swedish trade unions have the right to take industrial action in situations of posting of workers. Through the study of sources of law and adhering to traditional jurisprudence, this paper investigates the legislation regarding trade unions? rights to take industrial action in situations of posting of workers. In addition to the jurisprudential research, a glance at the history of ideologies is provided.

Förr i tiden fanns det marknadsplatser där människor utbytte varor så som mat och kläder - dagens marknadsplatser kallas idag mässor och fyller en viktig funktion i att utveckla det globala samhället. Mässor är idag en viktig del i företags- och konsumenters utveckling. Det är viktigt att företag vet hur de på bästa sätt ska agera före, under och efter mässan för att lyckas så bra som möjligt. Vi har använt oss utav en teoretisk modell vid namn Trade Fair Intelligence, för att få med alla delar som berör ett mässdeltagande.Uppsatsens undersökning bygger på att vi har utfört en dold observation på en verklig blomster- och inredningsmässa, för att se hur kunder och personal beter sig under en mässa. Vilka problem som kan uppstå och vilka metoder som är bäst för att lösa dem.

This paper investigates the ongoing talks between the Swedish libraryassociation (Svensk Biblioteksförening) and the Swedish Publishers?Association (Svenska Förläggareföreningen) regarding a new payment modelfor e-book loans in Swedish public libraries. The current model allows an ebookto be lent an infinite number of times and for each loan the library paystwenty Swedish kronor to the supplier, Elib, which in turn passes half of thatsum on to the publicers.The reason for the talks is that both libraries and publishers have reason to bedispleased with the current model. For the libraries it has proven to be aneconomic challenge, for the already strained library economies, sincepayment is made directly by the individual library from the media budget.The publishers also have reasons to want a change of model since thecompensation they receive from the libraries is not enough for them tocontinue publishing e-books and making a profit. They argue that to protectthe commercial e-book market the principle of free loans has to be replacedby a model that introduces ?friction? in the form of limitations on how manytimes a title can be loaned.This study is based on interviews with representatives from both sidesinvolved in the talks, along with a representative from Elib and a librarian.An analytical tool has been constructed by the author to aid in the process ofuncovering arguments and standpoints in the interviews.

Debatten om hur oljan skall ersättas i Sverige till år 2020 pågår. Ett diskuterat alternativ är etanol, vars förbrukning förväntas öka. Sveriges etanolproduktion är beroende av EU:s tullstruktur, utan den blir fabrikerna i Sverige utkonkurrerade. Samtidigt är Sveriges handelspolitiska utgångspunkt att alla former av handelshinder skall motverkas. Om man skall satsa på en inhemsk produktion av etanol måste man gå emot handelspolitiken och inte propagera för en frihandel.

International trade in services has increased over the past 30 years as a result of progress in information and communication technology, increased focus on services from the manufacturing sector and the establishment of trade associations.The international market for healthcare services, also referred to as medical tourism, is growing more and more. Patients increasingly seeking treatment at other countries healthcare systems because of long queues within their own country or because it exists better prices for the same care abroad. However, this type of service exports occurs at a limited extent in Sweden.The purpose of this study is to highlight and analyze the conditions for Swedish service companies to export healthcare services. This, includes the challenges and opportunities that exist to expand the exports of these services.The approach for this study has been in the form of interviews with two market actors and written responses, from the same interview guide, with three market actors. These market participants are the so-called Care companies which export healthcare services in various counties, and the membership organization Swecare who work with export promotion activities for its members in the Swedish healthcare sector.

Many companies choose to position themselves in New York. The city is one of the main cities when it comes to advertising. The competition is strong and for new companies, it is hard to survive on the market.In our thesis we have investigated how Swedish people, who open new advertising agencies in New York, should market themselves to be successful on the market in New York.To gain as much information as possible about this subject, we traveled to New York and interviewed three advertising agencies, who were started by Swedes, and also the Consulate General of Sweden, and Swedish Trade Council.Our investigation resulted in that the best way to be successful on the American market is to differentiate your work from what the market has to offer. By doing this potential customers may find your work interesting and thereby chose to work with your company..

Syfte Hur kommer företag i Sverige, som använder sig av skatteupplägget med räntesnurror, att påverkas för det fall att lagförslaget Sänkt bolagsskatt och vissa andra skatteåtgärder för företag, proposition 2008/09:65 träder i kraft, i termer av företagets finansiering och företagets värdeförändring? Metod Studien utgår från en deduktiv ansats där en kvalitativ metod använts för att finna svaret på vår frågeställning. Undersökningsdesignen som nyttjats är en fallstudie där vi dels tagit del av lagförslag, remissvar samt rättsfall men även intervjuat företag, institutioner, samt myndigheter via telefon. Teoretiskt perspektiv Studien är baserad på teorier såsom pecking-order- hypotesen, trade-offeorin samt agent-principalteorin. Empiri Uppsatsen har utgått från lagförslaget Sänkt bolagsskatt och vissa andra skatteåtgärder för företag, proposition 2008/09:65, samt aktuella rättsfall.

The aim of this essay is to find out how students at Malmö University relate to moral responsibility in their private consumption. I am going to test moral theories in order to find out if researchers have a too moral starting point in comparison to everyday use. Through a critical research, free from valuation, I also aim to raise a discussion about moral responsibility which should lead to fair trade in the long run. My essay discusses the subject out of a Swedish city, Malmö - a place where many stores, cafés and restaurant are using moral responsibility as a step in their marketing. The results show that students are interested in morality but their financial conditions are their prior factor..

Det här arbetet fokuserar på den profana och religiösa människans omedvetna arketypiska arv som vi fått genom myterna, och vidare på hur detta påverkar oss i särskilda situationer. Som exempel har jag fördjupat mig i terroristattacken mot World Trade Center den 11 september 2001.I min första del beskriver jag myterna och olika mytkriterier, hur de är uppbyggda och vad de innehåller. Gemensamt för de olika myterna visar sig vara kampen mellan kaos och ordning och/eller det onda och goda, där harmoni måste råda på det jordiska planet såväl som på det gudomliga. I denna del tar jag också upp tidens betydelse och hur både den profana och religiösa tiden är av cyklisk natur där nyåret och återupprepning av högtider är av stor vikt för den psykologiska bearbetningen och personliga existensen.I min andra del beskriver jag staden New York och dess betydelse för innevånarna själva och omvärlden, som en stad med grandios arkitektur som själv talar om sig som en stad som symboliserar absolut frihet, välgång och tillväxt. Jag beskriver också tvillingtornen i World Trade Center som en axis mundi, ett mänskligt strävande åt det gudomliga, i världens navel, den absoluta mittpunkten.

Tidigare studier visar att konsumenter i allmänhet har en positiv attityd till Fair Trade-produkter men att köpbeteendet av dessa produkter inte överensstämmer med den positiva attityden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka relationen mellan svenska konsumenters attityd och köpbeteende gällande rättvisemärkt livsmedel samt undersöka vad som formar attityderna..

The ongoing construction of Kristianstad is a trade mall in the city center, the City Hall and the railway station neighborhood is rebuilding, new residential projects are planned and "The healthy garden", "Accessibility for everyone" and "ERA-farms" are also current. Kristianstad has always a sustainable way of thinking in the background during the development and they are trying to meet all three perspective of sustainability: economical, ecological and social. The municipality seeks knowledge both by sharing their own and takes part in other municipalities in the development process..

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a correlation between attitude andbuying decisions of consumers regarding certified coffee. The study will examine whether marketsurveys measuring consumer?s attitudes, is a good method for predicting a purchasing decisionsregarding certified coffee.Method: To study consumer attitudes towards certified coffee, we have implemented a web-basedsurvey at Facebook. A total of 108 responses were recorded. To complement the Facebook study wehave conducted three surveys on persons who are customers at ICA.