Omställningen till ett mer hållbart samhälle spelar en betydande roll för att uppnå deEuropeiska mål och klimatavtalen, 20/20/20-målen. Ett av målen anger att andelen förnybarenergi ska öka vilket ställer högre krav på elnätets kvalitét. Framtidens elnät måste blimodernare, att det genom utvecklad styrning och övervakning kan balansera ökadeeffektvariationer och därmed erhålla en ökad stabilitet, så att god samverkan mellan förnybarelproduktion och elanvändning uppnås. Redan i dagsläget finns tekniska lösningar som gördet möjligt att konstruera ett sådant modernt elnät.Projektgruppens uppdragsgivare var Ystad Energi AB som ville undersöka möjligheten attansluta ett batterilager i samband med landanslutningen i Ystad hamn.När färjorna vid kaj ansluts till det fasta elnätet kan effektbehovet i Ystads lokala elnät öka iden utsträckningen att abonnerad effekt på överliggande elnät överskrids. I dagsläget är detinte möjligt att uppgradera till ett högre effektabonnemang eftersom transformatornsbegränsade maxeffekt som förser Ystad med elenergi redan är uppnådd.För att undersöka möjligheterna till ett batterilager, har dels Ystads effektbehov ochlandanslutningens tillkommande effektbehov analyserats.

This paper aims to explore the phenomenon urban wind energy, its visual effect on built environment and the factors that affect the opinion towards new elements in the city. A place study of the city Gävle serves as a complement to the theoretical part of the paper. The theoretical discussion opens with an account for the technical and economical conditions of urban wind energy. It presents the technical basics, different types of turbines and a discussion occurring wind related techniques in built environment. Today, the knowledge of how the wind moves and acts in the rural landscape is quite good.

The Effects of dietary biotin supplementation on hoof health in Swedish dairy cows - a controlled cohort field study. The aim of the present degree project was to investigate the effects of biotin supplementation on hoof health in dairy cows. The experiment was performed as a controlled cohort study in three commercial farms in western Sweden from January 2002 to October 2002. The cows were all housed in cubicle systems with transponder concentrate feeding systems. Within each farm the cows were allocated to either biotin or control treatment. The biotin groups received 20 mg of biotin per cow and day, starting 14 days before expected calving.

En fusion innebär att ett företag övertar ett annat företags tillgångar och skulder utan en mellanliggande likvidation. För företag som är i behov av att gå samman i större enheter, för att rationalisera verksamheten och uppnå synergieffekter, kan en fusion kan vara lösningen. EG-direktivets regler utgör grunden till den skatterättsliga definitionen om fusion och har implementerats i svensk skatterätt i 37 kapitlet IL om fusioner och fissioner. Grundtanken bakom inkomstskattebestämmelserna kring fusioner är att fusionen inte ska leda till en skattebelastning för företaget. Verksamheten behöver inte upphöra och kan fortsätta vidare fast i en annan regi.

The purpose with this essay is to study the public support givers view of the concept innovation and to study how the public support givers discuss and act around the division of public support to entrepreneurs innovations. The purpose is further to describe if the division of public support favour or not favour environmental innovations and to examine if the public support givers consider the industry for environmental innovations is profitable for the society?s economy.We have done several case studies where we have interviewed eight public support. Support givers in this essay are defined as public authorities and other organisations on local, national and/or international level that gives public support to innovations. The public support givers that take part of the essay is VINNOVA, ALMI Stockholm, Innovationsbron, Energimyndigheten, SU Holding AB, KTH Holding, Västra Götalandsregionen and MISTRA.Our theoretical starting point is Silverman and Baums theory ?Picking Winners or Building Them?.

In Scandinavia today many old harbour areas are developed into residential and commercial areas. For example are both Helsingborg city and Malmoe city in south Sweden planning to restructure some of their harbour areas to accommodate shops, schools, offices, residences et cetera. In Copenhagen in Denmark new plans for Nordhavn is also underway. In almost every plan proposal to redevelope an old harbour area the harbour activities are set a side to give room for new development. In Reykjavik, however, this has not been the case.

Librarians like to think that libraries contribute substantially to the progress of research. However, libraries still seem to have serious problems getting integrated in their parent organization on equal terms with other parts of that organization. The degree of integration of the library is thus the main topic of this thesis and the purpose is to examine how the interaction between librarians and scientists is formed and can be developed. That issue leads to concrete questions concerning what part librarians play in the scientists work and which factors influence the cooperation or lack of cooperation. We have chosen, for reasons of comparison, to make two case studies; one is a branch of a university library and the other is a library in a large pharmaceutical company.

A growing need to strengthen ones position on the market, even as a city in competition with other cities, has resulted in an increasing number of municipalities developing brand platforms. When the city of Umeå developed their platform, they identified decision makers and investors as one of four important target groups.The aim of this study is to explore the portrayed image of the city of Umeå in two Swedish trade journals which addresses the specific target group decition makers and investors in both public and private sector. The aim is also to compare the image of Umeå in the two papers, to the ambition of the municipality, expressed in the brand platform.In order to make the observations as firmly established as possible, the method of the study is a combination of a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative text analysis. The study draws on the theories of Eli Avraham and Philip Kotler, concerning how to improve city images and how to market a specific city among others. The study shows that the city of Umeå in large extent is portrayed in accordance to the ambition which the municipality expressed in the brand platform.Umeå is displayed as an expanding city.

Songs from the Crypt: Mapping the Forces that Hinder the Digital Revolution of Music Distribution This paper seeks an explanation to the low market share growth of the commercial digital music distribution in Sweden. The analysis identifies a spectrum of obstacles that hinder the digital distribution technology from becoming the main form of music distribution in Sweden. These obstacles make the digital music distribution less favourable in comparison with physical distribution from the consumer?s point of view. The authors suggest that in order for the digital distribution of music to become competitive the digital product would either have to be developed further to offer more customer value or the so called a là carte retail model would have to be replaced by a subscription-based distribution model.

.The Whole language program is in Sweden generally referred to as ?Kiwimetoden? - ?the Kiwi program? (author?s direct translation) partly due to the fact that the Whole language program originates from New Zealand. Whole language is basically a literacy program and approaches literacy from a holistic point of view. Children learning to read and write should do so in the same natural way children learn to speak their native language which is in the context of authentic language as a whole. In Sweden the program is generally practiced together with a commercial and pre-organised material called ?kiwi? or ?Stjärnsvenska?.

A growing need to strengthen ones position on the market, even as a city in competition with other cities, has resulted in an increasing number of municipalities developing brand platforms. When the city of Umeå developed their platform, they identified decision makers and investors as one of four important target groups.The aim of this study is to explore the portrayed image of the city of Umeå in two Swedish trade journals which addresses the specific target group decition makers and investors in both public and private sector. The aim is also to compare the image of Umeå in the two papers, to the ambition of the municipality, expressed in the brand platform.In order to make the observations as firmly established as possible, the method of the study is a combination of a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative text analysis. The study draws on the theories of Eli Avraham and Philip Kotler, concerning how to improve city images and how to market a specific city among others. The study shows that the city of Umeå in large extent is portrayed in accordance to the ambition which the municipality expressed in the brand platform.Umeå is displayed as an expanding city.

Increased understanding of the mechanisms that operate in conjunction with the welding of metal surfaces may help to improve existing manufacturing processes, and to enable new products and combinations of materials. The purpose of the project has therefore been to acquire a deeper understanding of what is happening in the bond for steel and for the factors that form the basis for a bond to develop between metals in the production of laminates by pressing. The merge has been done by pressing and the surfaces after the experiments have been studied in detail in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and with interferenceprofilometry in Wyko, to provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence the bonding in the interface between metals. The project was limited to contain the materials Docol 1000, HyTens 1200, Aluminum AA3003 and a commercial steel. The parameters varied in the experiments to study their influence closer are temperature, pressure, heat treatment and pretreatment. This has been implemented by pressing with varying temperature and pressure.

Parallel import in the European Union is the perfectly legal activity under Art. 28-30 EC of buying goods in a low-price country in order to ship and sell them in a high-price country. The pharmaceutical market in Europe is subject to the subsidiartiy principle of Art. 5 EC and heavily characterised by national regulations that lead to significant price differentials between – generally speaking – Northern and Southern Europe. This incites the activity of parallel traders in the first place, who act as arbitrageurs.

Hela mediebranschen är idag inne i ständigt pågående förändringsprocess. Alla medieorganisationer, såväl på global nivå som på lokal nivå, påverkas på ett eller annat sätt och måste ta ställning till hur de ska agera i förändringarna. Att utforma hållbara strategier för något som är i ständig förändring är dock inte helt okomplicerat.     I den här studien har fyra värmländska medieorganisationers förhållningssätt till strategier i förändringsprocesser undersökts. Två av dem, Nya Wermlands-Tidningen och TV4 Värmland, är kommersiellt drivna, medan två av dem verkar för public service, nämligen Sveriges Televisions Värmlandsnytt och Sveriges Radio Värmland. Dessa organisationer har valts ut för att det kan vara intressant att se hur det ser ut på lokal nivå, samt om synen på strategier i förändring skiljer sig åt beroende på om de verkar kommersiellt eller inte.     För att besvara syftet med studien har två delstudier genomförts, dels en kvalitativ samtalsintervju, där en person i ledningen på respektive medieorganisation har intervjuats och dels en mindre kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

During the later half of the 20th century standard form contracts began to be used more frequently in contract situations. This trend has been consistent and in today?s world numerous commercial parties employ such contracts in their business transactions. The reasons for the extended use of standard form contracts are the benefits that can be obtained for the parties such as time efficiency, effectiveness and price advantages. Standardised contracts often regulate certain issues of the contract for example the way of delivery, remedies and complaints.