There are around 855 000 on-site sewage systems in Sweden and some 1 800 of these are located in the municipality of Sigtuna. The Sigtuna local authority has set the goal that all sewage systems with insufficient function should be improved before the end of year 2010. A malfunctioning on-site sewage system may cause three main problems: spreading of diseases, discharge of eutrophicating compounds and wastage of resources. The municipality strives to reduce these problems already at the stage of granting permits for installation of on site sanitation systems. The municipality has recently adopted new guidelines, which demands certain minimum reductions for different compounds. The guidelines also state that it is preferred that neighboring house-owners cooperate in jointly built and operated sewage systems and that the system should be able to recycle plant nutrients.

Since the early 1940s in Sweden, subsidies have been a recurring feature in housing politics.Throughout history, these have been used as a management measure to control theconstruction of housing and to promote the Swedish welfare state. The political parties aretoday disagreeing on how much responsibility the state should carry for citizens housing. Tosolve the conflict, the dwelling has to be defined. Is the dwelling to be considered a socialright, like education and healthcare or is the dwelling to be considered a product for the freemarket, driven by supply and demand?The positive population growth in Stockholm has lead to an increased demand for dwellings.The supply of dwellings has not been growing at the same rate, which has implied higherhousing prices and longer wait for rented apartments.

Bakgrund: Patienter som ska genomgå elektiva operationer kan uppleva preoperativ oro och ångest. Preoperativ oro kan grundas i bristande information, tanken på att mista kontrollen samt vistelse i okänd miljö. Det vilar ett stort ansvar på sjuksköterskan då hon ska möjliggöra optimal delaktighet i vård och behandling för patienten samt uppmärksamma patienter som inte själva uttrycker ett omvårdnadsbehov. Syfte: Att sammanställa kunskap om vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan minska patienters preoperativa oro vid elektiva operationer. Metod: Litteraturstudie, baserad på två kvalitativa och åtta kvantitativa artiklar.

More and more preschools are choosing to reduce the sugar consumption. The reason is, inter alia, the increase of weight in the community, but there is also research showing that sugar is harmful to children. The discussions on sugar and children are also a hot media topic.I have chosen to use a qualitative method, interviews, to gather material for the essay. I have interviewed a teacher and a cook in three different preschools, in different municipalities. I have also looked at their various nutrition policies to see how the guidelines for their work on diet and health look like.

This study was conducted at the University of Bath, UK, from September to December 2014 as part of an ongoing research project aimed at elucidating how the Grb10 gene might act as a mediator of long-term health effects (such as predisposition to obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension) caused by environmental factors during development. This phenomenon is known as developmental programming. The purpose of this thesis was not primarily to answer any of the broader questions posed by this research project at large since this would require much more data than is reasonable to acquire over the course of a few months, but rather to evaluate the methods used in this project and reveal whether they are working the way they are presumed to. In the research project, which employs mice with the Grb10 gene knocked out as well as wild-type control mice, a dietary restriction model is utilized during gestation, which is supposed to generate offspring with lower birth weight and subsequent detrimental health effects in adulthood. This is supposed to be achieved by restricting the protein content of the pregnant mothers? diet to 9 % (as opposed to the control diet of 20 %) throughout gestation.

Bakgrund: Bipolär sjukdom kännetecknas av återkommande episoder av mani och egentlig depression med mellanliggande perioder av psykisk återhämtning. Huvudsymtomen vid en manisk episod är förhöjd, expansiv eller irritabel sinnesstämning, medan huvudsymtomen vid en egentlig depression är nedstämdhet och minskat intresse eller glädje. Bipolär sjukdom drabbar ungefär lika många män som kvinnor och brukar debutera i tonåren. Sjukdomen kan påverka familjerelationer, arbetsförmåga med mera. Livskvalitet är ett mått som kan användas för att mäta en individs välbefinnande och är betydelsefull att försöka mäta vid bipolär sjukdom.

By immersion in the situation of the food production today and a historical study of how past development has led us to this point, one goal of this essay is to discuss whether the current way of farming can be applied in a sustainable future. Another objective of the essay is to study the vision Vertical farming as an alternative approach, and to focus on different aspects of this phenomenon in order to provide as comprehensive a picture as possible.The paper, thus, seeks to broaden the views for alternative approaches regarding a well-established method which we often take for granted. The aim is also to initiate a discussion around the need to also take radical ideas in regard if we want to face the future in a sustainable manner. The method is a qualitative literary study where scientific articles and papers have been used to discuss the issues: why has the idea of Vertical farming arisen, what is Vertical farming and how is the Vertical Farm meant to operate? Does Vertical farming have a place in the sustainable city of the future? For a long time us humans lived as one with nature, in a symbiotic relationship in which we gave and took as a functioning part of an ecosystem.

Ethical evaluation of scientific studies carried out using animals is legally mandated in many countries and has been so in Sweden for over three decades. The animal ethics committees (AECs) responsible for the task have however been subjected to criticism; common critique being that the wrong issues are discussed and that the ethical evaluation is thus incomplete, that there is a lack of coherence across committees and that the committees are not as democratic as they might appear. This study investigates the view of Swedish AEC members on a number of issues in order to shed some light on the mandate and functioning of the committees, and on the grounds for ongoing criticism. In a survey and interviews AEC members and other persons connected to the committees gave their views on the AEC task in relation to their roles, the ethical evaluation per se and whether or not emotions such as empathy play any part in it. There were significant differences found between AEC member categories and several issues were encountered, many of which have been stressed in previous studies.

The purpose of this comparative study is to investigate how certified family therapeuts, with base professions psychologist and social counsellor respectively, construct boundaries through language. The study aims to demonstrate and analyse how the two professions present each other, through similarities and differences. For the purpose of definition and elucidation, the study comprises five main themes (see Appendix). The first theme is concerned with motives for choosing a professional career in family therapy. The second theme investigates conceptions of the professional role, while the third theme looks at professional practise and the implications of family therapy work.

Focus of this study was on the underlying values behind consumers buying motives at the point of purchase of meat products in Sweden. Meat consumption in Sweden has increased and in 2012, almost 50% of all meat consumed was imported (SJV, 2013). This is the case despite of the fact that consumers frequently state the importance of Swedish country of origin on the meat products they purchase (www, LRF, 2, 2006). A rising public awareness about health, environmental issues, animal welfare and food safety coupled to meat consumption and meat production is scrutinized both from media and consumers. Due to rising concerns of production-methods of meat, consumers wants to make informed purchasing decisions of the meat they purchase (BEUC, 2013).

SAMMANFATTNINGFör att möjliggöra öppen hjärtkirurgi används hjärt-lungmaskin som leder blodet i en bana utanför kroppen sammankopplat med kroppscirkulationen. Möjliga komplikationer efter kirurgi med stöd av hjärt-lungmaskin kommer från det centrala nervsystemet och kan ge upphov till kognitiva symtom, dessa komplikationer har ökat sedan 70-talet. Kognitiva nedsättningar kan påverka både patientens livskvalitet och sjukvårdens ekonomi. Risker med att opereras med stöd av hjärt-lungmaskin är embolier, hypoperfusion, anestesi och inflammation. Detaljerad information till patienter som ska genomgå hjärtkirurgi gör dem mer förberedda på eventuella komplikationer.

Genom praktiska och teoretiska studier på studie- och yrkesvägledarprogrammet har vi kunnat se en ökning av de elever som gör ett omval efter ett år på gymnasiet. Syftet med undersökningen var att se bidragande orsaker till att ett eventuellt omval sker. En kvalitativ studie har gjorts genom intervjuer med fem elever som gått ett år på sitt omvalda gymnasieprogram. Detta resultat har ställts i relation till Linda. S Gottfredsons teori kring begreppen begränsningar och kompromisser i studievalet samt SCCT-teorin där fokus ligger på självskattning.

Sveriges befolkning blir allt äldre och år 2050 beräknas en fjärdedel av befolkningen vara över 65 år. Detta medför ett ökat behov av tillgänglighetsanpassade bostäder som till exempel mellanboende. Samtidigt håller sig Sveriges befolkning friskare och på grund av detta minskar vårdbehovet och efterfrågan av särskilda boenden. Trygghetsboende är en typ av mellanboende. Det är till för människor över 70 år som känner sig i behov av ett tillgängligt utformat boende och kanske känner sig ensamma men som av kommunen inte anses i behov av ett särskilt boende.

Sveriges befolkning blir allt äldre och år 2050 beräknas en fjärdedel av befolkningen vara över 65 år. Detta medför ett ökat behov av tillgänglighetsanpassade bostäder som till exempel mellanboende. Samtidigt håller sig Sveriges befolkning friskare och på grund av detta minskar vårdbehovet och efterfrågan av särskilda boenden. Trygghetsboende är en typ av mellanboende. Det är till för människor över 70 år som känner sig i behov av ett tillgängligt utformat boende och kanske känner sig ensamma men som av kommunen inte anses i behov av ett särskilt boende.

Sveriges befolkning blir allt äldre och år 2050 beräknas en fjärdedel av befolkningen vara över 65 år. Detta medför ett ökat behov av tillgänglighetsanpassade bostäder som till exempel mellanboende. Samtidigt håller sig Sveriges befolkning friskare och på grund av detta minskar vårdbehovet och efterfrågan av särskilda boenden. Trygghetsboende är en typ av mellanboende. Det är till för människor över 70 år som känner sig i behov av ett tillgängligt utformat boende och kanske känner sig ensamma men som av kommunen inte anses i behov av ett särskilt boende.