Bakgrund: Smärtan är subjektiv och det innebär att det är en individuell upplevelse. Den kan upplevas olika beroende på vilka tidigare erfarenheter patienterna har. Ingen annan än patienterna själva kan beskriva den upplevda smärtan. Det är viktigt att patienternas upplevelse av smärta uppmärksammas för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna bemöta deras behov på bästa sätt och därmed minska lidande. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienternas upplevelser av postoperativ smärta.

Today dairy farmers in Sweden are obligated to have lights turned on during night time in addition to the mandatory daylight inlet. This presents a cost for the production but many argue that it can be economically beneficial, especially in loose housing of dairy cows. In loose housing and even more so in herds with automatic milking, well functioning cow traffic during all hours of the day is crucial to optimise production. In order to keep the cow traffic flowing, lights may be an important management tool. It is also perceived among farmers with tied up stall that night light decreases the incidents of cows accidental stepping on their own or neighbours udders.

 SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundPostoperativt illamående och kräkningar (PONV) är de vanligaste komplikationerna efter kirurgi och anestesi. Många patienter kan uppleva illamående och kräkningar som ett större problem än postoperativ smärta i samband med kirurgiska ingrepp. Faktorer som kön, ålder och åksjuka kan öka risken att drabbas av PONV.SyfteStudiens syfte var att undersöka förekomsten av illamående efter hjärtkirurgi. Vi ville även kartlägga om det fanns skillnad mellan kvinnor och män, i ålder samt samband mellan åksjuka och tid med respiratorbehandling och illamående.   MetodStudiens design var kvantitativ. Data samlades in med hjälp av ett frågeformulär bland patienter som genomgått hjärtkirurgi.

BakgrundI Sverige har kommunerna ansvar för att alla invånare har tillgång till bra bostäder. För att kunna erbjuda bra bostadsalternativ som gör att fler vill bosätta sig i kommunen krävs att det finns mark för bostäder. Idag finns fastigheter bildade för bostadsändamål som inte har blivit bebyggda. I kommuner där det råder bostadsbrist och det finns en tydlig efterfrågan på mark för bostadsändamål är det viktigt att ta reda på varför fastigheterna inte blir bebyggda. Tidigare studier har utförts som i stort behandlar faktorer som kan förhindra bostadsbyggandet men privata fastighetsägares motiv till att inte bebygga sina fastigheter är ett outrett område.

This final project includes an analysis and a programme proposal for the area Bergsbrunna södra. The area is situated along the railway between Uppsala ? Stockholm, just south of Uppsala city. A new railway station is planned here, which make the area attractive as residential area. There are several values to take into consideration when developing an area. An extensive analysis and valuation may define and protect different characters and values, and also find the places most suitable to build upon. The area consists of three separate characters of landscape: the wide open cultivated fields, the hilly wooden ground and the more varying little valley. There are visual, cultural, social and ecological values to preserve. The south part of the area is woods with high natural values that borders to a national park in the natural forest of Lunsen.

With this study, we have chosen to continue our B-essay about dual-diagnosis. In the essay we have done some research on how this target group feels about the treatment from the dependent unit, psychiatry unit, social services unit and the housing environment. We wanted to know about the feelings because during the B-essay we found out that individuals whit the dual-diagnosis is skipped between different caregivers. We used a qualitative method with six interviews from two different housings in south of Sweden. The information we got we used in our result and analysis part, where we found out that the caretaker?s thought the treatment were fine and that it was the surroundings they found the most fault with..

This report is about how accessibility in Eskilstuna's central trade street Kungsgatan can be improved, based on my background as spatial configuration designer, and by Eskilstuna's residents' opinions. In this report I explain what methods I have used, and how I attained my results. The goal of this project was to create ideal accessibility in the central part of Kungsgatan in Eskilstuna. Since Fristadstorget was rebuilt, and since the city is growing in terms of housing and residents, accessibility will in the near future be even more limited for visitors than it is today. My design proposal is designed based on street conditions, residents' opinions and Eskilstuna's existing ideas..

The EU Services Directive has caused an intense debate across Europe. Its purpose is to remove obstacles to trade and to open up the public sector to increased competition. The Swedish labour movement has been deeply involved in the policy process, and union leaders have proclaimed the compromise reached in the European Parliament in April 2006 as a success.In the paper two major aspects have been considered: the meaning of the Swedish model and the process of Europeanization. The Swedish model previously allowed for a strong labour movement, through a social democratic hegemony, but the EU membership has implied new conditions for union influence. The paper examines how this change has affected the strategic choices of the Swedish labour movement, and how it has been manifested in the union's work with the Services Directive.

Bakgrund: Den senaste tiden har en debatt blossat upp i media om huruvida det är rimligt att bostadsrättsföreningar får tillämpa progressiva avskrivningar och om raka avskrivningar är ett bättre alternativ. Bokföringsnämnden beslöt under våren år 2014 att progressiva avskrivningar inte är en tillämplig avskrivningsmetod för byggnader. I media har många uttalat sig om vad detta kommer få för effekt på marknaden för bostadsrätter, men det har ännu inte utretts ur ett vetenskapligt perspektiv.Syfte: Uppsatsen syftar till att bidra med detta vetenskapliga perspektiv genom att analysera huruvida progressiva avskrivningar är en förutsättning för nyproduktion. I uppsatsen ämnas även undersöka om detta skiljer mellan olika regioner i Sverige.Metod: För att besvara de i syftet ställda problemformuleringarna har en teoretisk modell utvecklats med grundantagandet att köpare av bostadsrätter ska vara indifferenta till vilken avskrivningsmetod som används. Regler och praxis kring avskrivningar i bostadsrättsföreningar har kartlagts för att kunna ge modellen adekvat utformning.

Arbetet har sin utgångspunkt i en beskrivning och analys av den befintliga situationen. Med hjälp av den historiska bakgrunden har analysen fördjupats. Arbetsområdets avgränsning har gjorts med hänsyn till infarternas sträckning och utformning. Förslagsarbetet har varit inriktat på att ge de tre infarterna en egen identitet samtidigt som det ska finnas ett gemensamt tema som är specifikt för Ronneby. Utformningen av förslagen ska förstärka vissa attraktiva faktorer medan annat som inte är lika attraktivt tonas ner. Arbetet är ett idéförslag hur Ronneby som stad skulle kunna göras attraktivare genom vackra, värdiga och funktionella infarter..

 There is an ongoing reorganization within media industries today as they adapt to new and changing demands - the environment is changing fast and the organizations with it. The development of new technology is contributing to new forms of media distribution in the present media industry. The structure of media organizations is getting flatter and the co-workers are getting a new and bigger role. All this is bringing new challenges for the leaders of the organization. Caught in the middle of these new structures is the middle manager who now is facing different demands from all sides.

KRAV-certified organic dairy herds generally have a lower milk yield than conventional dairy herds. A high-level of milk yield requires a feeding regime with high amounts of concentrates, a factor known to contribute to the development of claw lesions (Bergsten, C. 2003). The aim of this study was to compare claw health between organic and conventional dairy herds in free and tie stall systems. The number of herds from different domestic animal health associations was chosen in proportion to the association´s total portion of Swedish dairy producing herds of each type, respectively.

Now a day?s there is dramatic change from traditional to digital information processing in construction industry. This change can be visualized in the project concept stage where it now has accessibility to join all the data in one place. Location-based planning technique simplifies scheduling by visualizing the schedule efficiently and has many advantages such as might shortened the project period by about 10 - 20 % if the company uses location-based technology, reducing risks in many ways by maintaining production continuity and identify collisions between things etc. Vico Office software has been used for Location based planning technique and in this thesis.The purpose of this thesis work was to demonstrate how location -based planning technology change the scheduling stage in Peab, potentially reducing the project time.

Introduction Postoperative wound infections leads to increased patient suffering and cost society money because it leads to longer hospital stays. Previous research shows that patient related risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), advanced age (>65 years) a low preoperative hemoglobin level (<140g/L) and a high BMI (> 30) increases the risk of suffering a postoperative wound infection. Aim To investigate whether patients that underwent surgery with Coronary artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in a university hospital in central Sweden in 2013 and had any of these risk factors more often suffer from post-operative wound infection.MethodThe study has a descriptive design and is based on an ongoing infection registration area of operations. The study included 148 patients out of 255 (58%) undergoing CABG in 2013. Possible risk factors were collected through medical record review.Results There was no significant correlation between surgical wound infection and patient-related risk factors such as smoking (not quit smoking four weeks before surgery), diabetes, COPD, advanced age (>65 years), low preoperative hemoglobin (<140g/L) or a high BMI (>30) and suffered a postoperative wound infection.Conclusion More research and a larger sample is needed in the field to produce a reliable result could be presented..

There are changes in Sweden's foreign policy, and Sweden is no longer a non-aligned and neutral nation. Sweden has expressed a willingness to actively participate in creating peace and stability in the world by giving and receiving military assistance in case of war, crisis or disaster. This is described as complete turnaround in Swedish policy compared to the neutrality and non-alignment during the Cold war.However new research shows that defence cooperation is not new in the Nordic region. Sweden cooperated secretly with Denmark and Norway, two NATO countries, about co-operative defence of Scandinavia during the Cold War.Is our historical picture wrong and what we perceive as new and revolutionized not particularly new? Is today's open Nordic defence cooperation a continuation of what was done in secret during the Cold War? The essay investigates and compares two different Swedish defence cooperation?s where one was previously secret and the other is open.