Rotavirus causes diarrhea in young mammals all over the world, including infant humans. The diarrhea leads to severe dehydration that can be fatal if left untreated. The dehydration can be treated with fluid therapy and the infection heals itself. Despite the relatively easy treatment half a million children under the age of five dies every year due to diarrhea caused by rotavirus. Rotavirus sorts into the family Reoviridae and is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome.

Bakgrund: Läkemedelsbranschen är idag en av de mest reglerade branscherna på marknaden. Forskning och utveckling har en stor betydelse för läkemedelsföretagen. För att lansera ett läkemedel krävs det att företagen genomför kliniska prövningar, deras utfall kan mycket väl avgöra företagens framtid.Problemformulering: hur stor inverkan har de olika faserna inom produktutvecklingen på aktiekurserna för företag i läkemedelsbranschen.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur marknaden reagerar när läkemedel som är under utveckling går in i de tre olika kliniska faserna.Metod: Studien baseras på kvantitativ data där ett bekvämlighetsval gjorts på sju stycken läkemedelsföretag. PR meddelanden där läkemedel i utveckling går in i fas-1, fas-2 och fas-3 kliniska prövningar har valts ut som enskilda händelsen i eventstudien som genomförts. Vi har studerat vad som händer 5 dagar före och 5 dagar efter att händelsen utspelar sig.

Bakgrund: Stressrelaterade symtomen har ökat i samhället och framförallt bland yngre kvinnor. Grundstenarna i distriktssköterskans arbete är att främja hälsa och förebygga sjukdom. Ett preventivt arbetssätt har visats ha god effekt på stress. Syftet: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur distriktssköterskan skattar förekomsten av unga kvinnor som söker med stressrelaterade symtom, samt synliggöra distriktssköterskans preventiva arbete. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvantitativ enkätundersökning.

Background: ?Transitional care? is a new form of care in the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Sweden. The level of care, between outpatient and inpatient, has been developed to meet children/adolescents and their families in a different way than in the traditional outpatient and inpatient treatment. The contact offered can be intense with frequent contact and also with more time set aside for every occasion. The nurse, who is one of the categories of personnel involved in the multidisciplinary team works largely in other contexts than in the therapy room at the clinic or on the ward.

Too many dogs are euthanized because of different kind of behaviour problems today. Is it really necessary? Who has the main responsibility for this action? Do breed differences matter when it comes to increased risk of euthanasia of the dog? The purpose of this piece of work is to find the answers to these questions and also to find out what kind of behaviour problems that can lead to euthanasia of dogs in general. The most common reason for dogs being euthanized is aggression. The aggression can be directed toward humans or other animals, mostly other dogs. There are some important factors of the dog that increases the risk of being euthanized, and these are the breed, the gender and sexual status and also the size of the dog.

Stress är ett växande problem i dagens samhälle.                                                        Människor som har en hög stressnivå kan få stressrelaterade symtom som t.ex. depression, kroniska smärttillstånd och sömnstörningar. Det ingår i distriktssköterskors arbete att hjälpa människor att genomföra olika typer av livsstils-förändringar, där en förändring är att minska stressnivån. Behovet av komplementära behandlingar till den traditionella medicinska behandlingen ökar.

Background: Sleep-disturbances in persons with Alzheimer´s disease are prevalent. They are characterized as increased frequency and duration of awakenings, decreased slow-wave sleep, REM-sleep and increase of day-time napping. Depression and lower quality of life are associated with sleep-disturbances. Altogether a significant source of stress for caregivers and an important factor in institutionalization. Non-pharmacological treatment alternatives are rare.Method: Single-case A-B-C design, with non-concurrent multiple baselines, a pilotstudy.Aim: To explore if an educational program on sleep, sleep disturbances and behavioural change directed towards caregivers improved sleep, depression and quality of life in persons with Alzheimer´s disease living at home.

Bakgrund: Mobbning utgör ett allvarligt problem i svenska skolor. Huvudvärk, magont, ryggont, nacksmärtor och trötthet är frekventa psykosomatiska symtom hos elever utsatta för mobbning. En viktig uppgift för skolsköterskan kan vara förebyggandet av mobbning. Syfte: var att studera om det finns samband mellan upplevelsen av att vara utsatt för mobbning och förekomst av psykosomatiska symtom hos skolbarn i årskurs 5 och 7.Metod: Studien var en tvärsnittsstudie utifrån registerdata inhämtad från Folkhälsoinstitutet. I studien ingick totalt 7596 svenska skolbarn i åldern 11 och 13 år.

Purpose: To evaluate how a treatment period on four weeks in a warm climate influences physical function, condition and the patient's experience of the climate effect of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Method: 10 persons with a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis went through four weeks of treatment on Centro Forestal Sueco, Marbella. The treatment consisted of both physical and theoretic lessons given of a rehabilitation team. All patients were examinated measured for physical function and condition before treatment, after two weeks and at the end of the treatment. To measure physical function, Timed-Stands Test, Timed Get Up and Go, The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Index of muscle function and functionestimitation of shoulder/arm were used.

Abstract.The levels of dioxin and comparable substances rose to a large extent in our environment during the second half of the 20'Th century. This was the result of the synthesis of, and careless usage of these substances in cooling fluids, hydraulics, pesticides etc. Background levels of dioxins and furans in sealed samples prior to this era suggest that former sources of these substances existed. Salt glazing is a method of adding a smooth acid resistant exterior to stoneware ceramics. The technique has been in use since the 16'Th century, maybe even earlier than that.

Assessing and measuring post-operative pain in all animals is a challenge, but doing it in small mammals, for example guinea pigs, presents an even larger difficulty. Validated pain scales developed for use in dogs in clinical practice are currently available, but no such scale has been widely accepted for use in guinea pigs in the veterinary setting. In this experimental study, six guinea pigs that had undergone surgery and anaesthesia were observed for behavioural changes that could be associated with pain. The six guinea pigs were also given pain scores with the use of Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (CSU-APSF), a scale which uses both behaviour when not handled, body tension and response to palpation to evaluate pain intensity. The six guinea pigs showed a number of different behaviours, for example rigid posture, fixed stare and ?wet dog response? (the body is vigourosly shaken), that could be associated with pain.

The aims of the present study were to implement and evaluate a three-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) stress management intervention in a non-clinical group of university students (N = 25) and to investigate the importance of practice in an ACT-intervention. A design with pre-test and double post-test was chosen. A comparison was made between a nine-hour ACT-intervention containing practice for the participants, a two-hour lecture on ACT and stress management containing no practice for the participants and a control group. Psychological flexibility was assessed with Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2 and mindfulness was measured with Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Perceived stress level was measured with Perceived Stress Scale.

 Sambandet mellan diabetes och kognitiv dysfunktion har visats i ett flertal studier detsenaste decenniet. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att belysa faktorersom påverkar omvårdnaden av personer med diabetes och kognitiv dysfunktion. Niovetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut i databaserna Cinahl, Clinical Evidence, Cochrane,ELIN@Kristianstad och psycINFO. Dessa kvalitetsbedömdes enligt granskningsmall.Artiklarna analyserades deduktivt enligt Kims domäner personen, omgivningen,yrkesfunktionen och mötet. Fyra huvudfynd identifierades: betydelsen för personen attanpassa sin livssituation och självidentitet, betydelsen av närståendes engagemang ochstöttning, den positiva effekten på den kognitiva förmågan vid regelbunden fysiskaktivitet samt att undervisning bör ske vid korta upprepade sessioner.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to describe various methods of treatment and effects of treatment of ADHD, and to investigate wheater there is an association between adults with ADHD and obesity. Method:  Literature review. Twelve quantitative scientific articles were found in the data bases PubMed, Cinahl and MedLine.  Result: ADHD is a cognitive impairment that can lead to serious complications such as obesity. Studies show that drug treatments of adults with ADHD have positive effects in terms of reduced symptoms, increased efficiency and improved quality of life, but drugs can also cause side effects in form of loss of appetite and insomnia. For adults with ADHD and obesity drugs that affect metabolism have a significant impact on patients ability to lose weight.

Abstract.The levels of dioxin and comparable substances rose to a large extent in our environment during the second half of the 20'Th century. This was the result of the synthesis of, and careless usage of these substances in cooling fluids, hydraulics, pesticides etc. Background levels of dioxins and furans in sealed samples prior to this era suggest that former sources of these substances existed. Salt glazing is a method of adding a smooth acid resistant exterior to stoneware ceramics. The technique has been in use since the 16'Th century, maybe even earlier than that.