Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is an immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes and is one of the most common haematological diseases diagnosed in dogs. The haemolysis is a type II immunoreaction and is initiated by IgG or IgM antibodies or complements. This retrospective study includes 63 dogs suffering from primary IMHA. The study was based on information from records from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences in Uppsala and from the Animal Hospital in Strömsholm. The aim of the study was to evaluate the progress of the disease, treatment and the prognostic factors in different breeds, gender and age. Following criteria were used for the dogs to be allowed in the study: the dogs were diagnosed with anaemia, the anaemia was regenerative and autoagglutination and/or spherocytes were seen in the blood. About 50 % of the dogs in the study were diagnosed with IMHA within 2-6 years of age. Wire-haired dachshund was remarkably one of the most common breeds in this study together with Cocker and Springer spaniel.

More and more companies open up facilities and stores in countries all around the world. Entering a new country means a new culture, a new language, different norms and values and new people with a different way of thinking unlike what you are used to. In order to survive and be successful in this new country means that you have to adapt to the new culture and its components you encounter.The purpose of this thesis has been to identify possibilities and barriers in the Middle Eastern culture affecting international clothing companies. Furthermore it has been investigated how these companies must adapt their products and promotion to this culture.In order to obtain relevant data for achieving the purpose of the study interviews and observations was made at three international clothing companies in Tehran, Iran. These were Mango, United Colors of Benetton and adidas.

Background In Nyanza in western Kenya are 30,5% of children estimated as malnourished. It is a family situation that nurses often come in contact with. Therefore it is of interest to know how nurses work with parents of malnourished children when they have a significant role in developing the family's knowledge and child health. Aim. The aim is to investigate how nurses experience that they are working with parents of malnourished children.

Bakgrund Oväntad död är en traumatisk upplevelse förnärstående, kris och sorg i någon form är ofrånkomligt isamband med död och saknad. Vårdpersonal står inför en svårutmaning i omvårdnaden för att ge ett kompetentomhändertagande. Det korta mötet mellan vårdpersonal ochnärstående har visat sig vara av betydelse. Syfte Syftet medlitteraturstudien var att belysa närståendes behov ochvårdpersonals uppfattningar om närståendes behov i sambandmed en oväntad död. Metod Metoden var en litteraturstudie därdet ingick både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experiences and treatment of Muslim women in their encounters with the social services. The primal themes for this study was: How does Muslim women experience the treatment of their case in the social services in a situation of need? How can the encounter and experience with the social services affect the clients trust in the social services?  What is the ideal treatment of women with a Muslim identity by the social services?The aim of this study was to investigate and capture the respondents lived perceptions and experiences with the social services, and thus the qualitative interview methodology was implemented to answer the research questions and hypotheses. Seven interviews with Muslim women were conducted in various districts of Stockholm, a city in northern Sweden. Five of the respondents were of ethnic Swedish origin and two were of other ethic origin.The results show that the majority of the respondents experienced a negative response at least once when in contact with the social services.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a disease that can affect cats and is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). FCoV is spread via the feacal-oral route and many cats are carriers of the virus. Despite that, very few of the carrier cats develop FIP. The explanation of this phenomenon is that the virus has to mutate to be able to cause FIP and in the majority of the carrier cats this mutation never occurs. FIP is very hard to diagnose because the symptoms are diffuse and a completely accurate diagnosis can almost exclusively be established during a postmortem necropsy.

Riskbedömning är en väsentlig del av klinikerns vardag. Varje patient ska riskbedömas och riskgrupperas, vilket sedan utgör grund för val av behandling, behandlare och revisionsintervall. I tandvården i Sverige idag används det ett flertal olika stödsystem eller riktlinjer för riskbedömning av oral hälsa. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka stödsystem/riktlinjer som finns för riskbedömning av oral hälsa i Sverige idag och ge en beskrivning av de mest frekvent använda systemen samt göra en jämförelse av dessa. Syftet var också att undersöka huruvida dessa system är evidensbaserade och utvärderade samt att kartlägga kunskapsläget, gällande evidensbasering och utvärdering av stödsystem/riktlinjer, för riskbedömning av oral hälsa.

Revenue is the largest post in the financial statements but is often least described. They are an important element when different companies are compared with each other. Revenue is often associated with assessment which Enron and Prosolvia is two examples of. Enron reported their incomes and assets while their costs and debts were not reported. Thus were a positive image maintained of the company when the financial position in reality were otherwise.

Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

Bakgrund: I början av århundradet ansågs smärta vara relaterad till kroppsliga orsaker. Smärta utan kroppslig skada betraktades som psykisk sjukdom. Oklar kronisk smärta delades in i två olika grupper utifrån den psykoanalytiska synen och den strikt organiska synen. Fibromyalgisyndrom (FMS) är ett svårdiagnostiserat tillstånd eftersom de flesta symtomen är subjektiva. Prevalensen av FMS är drygt 3 % bland kvinnor och 0,5 % bland män.

Bakgrund: Akutmottagningar kännetecknas av ett högt tempo och en hög patientomsättning. För patienten innebär detta ett möte med okända miljöer och rutiner. Aggression, hot och våld är en återkommande problematik inom vården och akutmottagningar är en särskilt drabbad sektor. Patientrelaterat våld har visat sig ha en negativ inverkan på sjuksköterskornas mentala och känslomässiga hälsa, men även på patienten som riskerar att erhålla sämre eller utebliven omvårdnad.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur patientrelaterat våld uppstår på en akutmottagning.Metod: Syftet besvarades genom en litteraturöversikt av sex kvantitativa och fem kvalitativa artiklar.Resultat: Vid granskningen framkom fyra teman kring hur och varför våld uppstått på akutmottagningen: Våld som ett resultat av patienten berörde hur patientens egenskaper såsom ålder, kön och om de varit påverkade av sjukdom eller substanser ansetts bidra till att våld uppstått. Våld som ett resultat av sjuksköterskan visade på hur sjuksköterskan genom sitt beteende antingen kunde bidra till eller minska en potentiellt våldsam situation.

Undersökningen bygger på en fallstudie som genomförts på företaget AstraZeneca. De är ettläkemedelsföretag vars produkter finns till försäljning i över 100 länder. Deras tre speciellaforskningsenheter i Sverige, Clinical Pharmacology Unit (CPU), behöver hela tiden flerfrivilliga som kan agera försökspersoner för forskning och utveckling av nya läkemedel.Syftet i denna studie är att beskriva hur företag kan använda viral marknadsföring iwebbaserade sociala nätverk för att nå sin målgrupp. Vi genomförde intervjuer med försökspersonerför att få en bild av hur de idag får information om AstraZeneca CPU, och för att fåveta hur de blev försökspersoner. Därefter konstruerade vi en webbenkät och frågorna gav osssvar på respondenternas internetvanor och hur de tillämpar informationsspridning på internet.Många människor runt om i världen är idag medlemmar i ett webbaserat socialt nätverk.

The cardiovascular system is one of the three major body systems. When an animal in a critical state arrives at the animal hospital, it is important to know the normal parameters in order to assess the patient?s cardiovascular status. Triage is a process where you considerate the patient?s condition instead of check in time, or other criteria.

AbstractThis paper is based on a research conducted in a medium sized company, situated in Sweden, with the intent to study possible connections regarding views of gender and the existing sex segregation within the company. How is gender constructed, and does it exist representational ideas of the sexes, that leads to restrictions for men and women to be working within different areas of the company? Why are there such few women working within the company? Through five interviews with employees within the company, three women and two men, I found answers to these questions. My thesis and the specific questions were categorized into three different themes. The first theme aims to understand the interviewees? discussions of gender and labour.

Identification of fungi is based on macroscopic observations of morphology and microscopic characteristics. These conventional methods are time-consuming and requires expert knowledge. For the past years Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry has been used for routine bacterial identification in clinical laboratories but not yet in the same extension for fungi. In this study three preanalytic preparation methods for fungi were evaluated in order to shorten the processing time in routine laboratory performance.Clinically relevant strains (n=18) of molds and dermatophytes were cultivated on agar plates and prepared according to the different preparation methods for protein extraction. Each strain was analyzed in quadruplicate by the MALDI Biotyper and the database Filamentous Fungi Library 1.0.The results showed that the genus and species identification rates of the least time-consuming direct extraction method were 33% and 11% respectively.