This study examines how upper secondary school teachers in Västerbotten and Österbotten plan to teach about the Finnish War 1808-09. The study includes written interviews with nine teachers in Västerbotten and eight teachers in Österbotten, who have answered questions concerning school policy documents, content and didactic methods. The purpose has been to examine whether there is a difference in historical culture in how the war is treated in the two regions. Historical culture is here meant within the prospective history lesson, where the pupils encounter history within certain boundaries.The result of the interview study shows that there are differences in structure concerning the school policy documents, but that these differences on the whole are compensated by the widespread interest in the Finnish War by the teachers in both regions. The differences in historical culture can be found within the construction of the content when it comes to the aftermaths of the war as well as the purpose of the teaching.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, induced by an immune mediated reaction in the small intestine after ingestion of gluten and related prolamines. There is a strong genetic linkage and most important are the genes that encodes for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has developed new guidelines for investigation of CD in children and adolescents, which include genotyping for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Therefore, the clinical microbiological laboratory in Västmanland wants to introduce a method for analysis of these genes. Microarray is a newly developed method for determination of the alleles HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 that encodes for the ?- and ?-subunits of the HLA-molecules.

ABSTRACT Infertility is a medical condition that affects approximately 16 % of Swedish couples in childbearing age and is a condition found in both men and women. When a couple has been trying to conceive for more than 12 months without success they need to see a health care provider. Infertility can be treated with medicine, insemination or assisted reproductive technology such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The aim of this study was to validate a morphokinetic selection model, KIDScore? D3 Basic, against morphological selection model that is currently in use at the Fertility unit at University hospital in Orebro.

Bakgrund: När en person söker vård för sin diabetes typ II sker ett möte med sjuksköterskan. Mötet mellan patient och sjuksköterska utgör grunden för att en patient ska kunna skapa tillit och känna trygghet i samvaro med sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur patienter med diabetes typ II upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan. Metod: En litteraturstudie som bygger på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Genom analys hittades fem huvudkategorier: Att ta emot och förstå information, att ta emot stöd och bli motiverad, att våga känna tillit till sjuksköterskan, att vara delaktig i sin vård och att genom kommunikation skapa en relation med sjuksköterskan.

Suicide and attempted suicide frequently occur in society today and represent a major public health problem. In inpatient psychiatric care the nurse have a central role when caring for suicidal patients. Few systematic studies exists that address the nurse?s practical work with these patients. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe the nursing care of suicidal patients as it was perceived by registered clinical expert nurses.

The store manager can make great benefits of having an eye on how the staff works towards the customer, because the personnel is an important tool when competing with other stores. This paper is focusing on the part that relates to the staff in the store, which is one of the key tools in the competition for customers after the customer made it to the store. Many stores have guidelines which the staff should follow when they meet with customers. If the staff is too tightly controlled by these guidelines, customers can perceive the first encounter with the staff as artificial and as if the genuine friendliness does not exist. It is important that the staff looks at the individual customer and treat every customer in a personal way and that the staff can see the customer?s needs.

The globalization today has led to increased global competition. As companies seek out foreign markets in order to internationalize their operations, it is common that they encounter many cultural problems. Bribery and corruption is a common problem in international trade. Corruption is strongly linked to the national culture which means that corruption is accepted in differing degrees within different nations. This can be a problem when companies establish their operations in foreign markets.The purpose of this essay is to examine and analyze how companies act in a corrupt market without participating in corrupt activities.The authors have performed both a qualitative and a quantitative study.

Increasing immigration to Sweden has transformed a culturally homogeneous society into a more heterogeneous one. As a consequence intercultural communication and interaction have been increasing. Child health care agencies have encountered these increases. The aim of this study was to examine what the health care professionals experienced and communicated in these intercultural environments. Eight interviews with child health care nurses were carried through at four child health care centers in the south of Sweden.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare equations used to calculate BMR to values of BMR obtained from measurements in order to determine the most suitable equation to be used on children and adolescents with CF.Design: The participants where children and adolescents with CF. Data was collected from the division of Clinical Nutrition at Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhus. Age, weight, height, BMI, BMR, FFM and FM was recorded from 27 measurements. BMR from the participants collected from the indirect respiratory calorimetry was compared to the results obtained from five equations used to obtain a calculated value of BMR.Results: Tverskayas equation was best correlated with the measured BMR for the whole group. The equation underestimated BMR for the participants with a measured BMR over 1400 kcal/24h and overestimated BMR for participants with a measured BMR under 1400 kcal/24h.

This study is aimed at finding out how nursery and pre-school teachers carry out their obligation to report suspected child abuse, and their views on the issue. The study was alsoa imed at highlighting any difficulties teachers might have when dealing with children who arem istreated. In addition, the study examines the impact on teachers and children when thet eachers decide to either report or not report abuse.The main issues addressed by this study are:  Are pre-school and nursery teachers aware of their duty to report suspected child abuse and what are their opinions regarding this duty?How do the teachers claim they behave if obliged to report and what difficulties dothey encounter?In order to find the answer to these questions, qualitative interviews were made with eight pre-school teachers. The empirical evidence has been put in relation to theories of action and communication as well as to previous research in the area that concerns children who are mistreated.

This study is aimed at finding out how nursery and pre-school teachers carry out their obligation to report suspected child abuse, and their views on the issue. The study was alsoa imed at highlighting any difficulties teachers might have when dealing with children who arem istreated. In addition, the study examines the impact on teachers and children when thet eachers decide to either report or not report abuse.The main issues addressed by this study are:  Are pre-school and nursery teachers aware of their duty to report suspected child abuse and what are their opinions regarding this duty?How do the teachers claim they behave if obliged to report and what difficulties dothey encounter?In order to find the answer to these questions, qualitative interviews were made with eight pre-school teachers. The empirical evidence has been put in relation to theories of action and communication as well as to previous research in the area that concerns children who are mistreated.

Syftet med denna studie var att hos patienter som varit på besök inom primärvårdenundersöka nöjdhet/tillfredställelse med besöket, hur delaktig patienten känt sig isjukskrivningsbeslut i förekommande fall samt eventuella skillnader avseende detta mellankvinnor och män, samt sjukskrivna och icke sjukskrivna.Enkäter som handlade om patientens tillfredsställelse med besöket delades ut till patientermellan 18 och 64 år som besökte läkare vid Tierps vårdcentral under nio vardagar i oktober2009. Totalt 129 patienter ingick i studien.Av dem som diskuterat sjukskrivning med läkaren kände sig nästan alla delaktiga i det beslutsom togs. Den stora majoriteten av besökarna var helt och hållet nöjda med sitt besök. Ettfåtal av besökarna var inte alls nöjda med sitt besök på Tierps vårdcentral. De mönster somkan ses i tillfredställelse med besöket är att kvinnor var mer nöjda än män samt att ickesjukskrivna var nöjdare än de sjukskrivna.De skillnader som påvisades mellan grupperna var inte signifikanta men hade kanske varittydligare om studien haft fler deltagare.

En stor del av anmälningarna som kommer till patientnämnden handlar om dåligt bemötande. Patienter som söker vård ska inte känna sig underlägsna eller otrygga på grund av vårdpersonalens bemötande. Ett professionellt vårdande bemötande kan skänka kraft och öka välbefinnandet hos patienten. Ett ökat välbefinnande kan reducera känslan av ohälsa hos patienten. Den patientgrupp studien fokuserar på är de patienter som kommer till akutmottagningen med en icke-brådskande diagnos.

The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how social services utilizing Chapter 5. Section 11 of the Swedish social service act when it comes to identify the needs of women experiencing domestic violence. Furthermore the study aims to investigate how the social services look at the need of women experiencing domestic violence seeking protective shelter together with their pets. The study's purpose and research question was answered with a qualitative approach where semi-structured interviews were conducted. Eight social workers from seven municipalities where participating in the interviews.

Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl?s external genital organs are removed. Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care.Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim.