Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a disease that can affect cats and is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). FCoV is spread via the feacal-oral route and many cats are carriers of the virus. Despite that, very few of the carrier cats develop FIP. The explanation of this phenomenon is that the virus has to mutate to be able to cause FIP and in the majority of the carrier cats this mutation never occurs. FIP is very hard to diagnose because the symptoms are diffuse and a completely accurate diagnosis can almost exclusively be established during a postmortem necropsy.

Denna studie bygger på huvudfrågan: Har musiken i grundskolan någon påverkan på elevens inställning till musik senare i livet? Under studien har nya infallsvinklar tagit form och lett studien till resultatet: Musiklärarens påverkan. Från en relativt smal syn på musikundervisningen i grundskolan har element som t ex läroplaner och ledarskapsteorier vidgat studiens syn för vad musiklärare i grundskolan har haft för styrmedel genom tiden för de fyra läroplanerna, Lgr 62, Lgr 69, Lgr 80 och Lpo 94. Denna studie kan urskilja att det har skett en progressiv utveckling av varje ny läroplan, och att lärarrollen har utvecklats med denna process. Musikundervisningen i grundskolan har gått från en traditionell till en mer öppen undervisningsform.

Riskbedömning är en väsentlig del av klinikerns vardag. Varje patient ska riskbedömas och riskgrupperas, vilket sedan utgör grund för val av behandling, behandlare och revisionsintervall. I tandvården i Sverige idag används det ett flertal olika stödsystem eller riktlinjer för riskbedömning av oral hälsa. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka stödsystem/riktlinjer som finns för riskbedömning av oral hälsa i Sverige idag och ge en beskrivning av de mest frekvent använda systemen samt göra en jämförelse av dessa. Syftet var också att undersöka huruvida dessa system är evidensbaserade och utvärderade samt att kartlägga kunskapsläget, gällande evidensbasering och utvärdering av stödsystem/riktlinjer, för riskbedömning av oral hälsa.

My thesis is a combination of theory and practice, where theory is meant to create a context and a background for my interpretation proposal. I wanted to ?access? the ideas that are always in the background of the reasoning which underlies both planning in a larger scale, and the design of a place. I wanted to make a ?work of ideas.? In the process of shaping the proposal, I wanted to be deleted from the site itself.

Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

During the last couple of years the focus for many businesses have moved from just being price oriented to include such factors as quality, flexibility, service, delivery precision and environmentally friendliness. The shift in viewpoint arises from the increasingly competition on the market and the hard economic atmosphere. It has become more important to differentiate the company and its products to be able to increase market share. The purpose with this master?s thesis was to get a better understanding on how companies (customer to DHL) are reasoning and prioritizing when choosing Swedish carriers.

Undersökningen bygger på en fallstudie som genomförts på företaget AstraZeneca. De är ettläkemedelsföretag vars produkter finns till försäljning i över 100 länder. Deras tre speciellaforskningsenheter i Sverige, Clinical Pharmacology Unit (CPU), behöver hela tiden flerfrivilliga som kan agera försökspersoner för forskning och utveckling av nya läkemedel.Syftet i denna studie är att beskriva hur företag kan använda viral marknadsföring iwebbaserade sociala nätverk för att nå sin målgrupp. Vi genomförde intervjuer med försökspersonerför att få en bild av hur de idag får information om AstraZeneca CPU, och för att fåveta hur de blev försökspersoner. Därefter konstruerade vi en webbenkät och frågorna gav osssvar på respondenternas internetvanor och hur de tillämpar informationsspridning på internet.Många människor runt om i världen är idag medlemmar i ett webbaserat socialt nätverk.

The cardiovascular system is one of the three major body systems. When an animal in a critical state arrives at the animal hospital, it is important to know the normal parameters in order to assess the patient?s cardiovascular status. Triage is a process where you considerate the patient?s condition instead of check in time, or other criteria.

Identification of fungi is based on macroscopic observations of morphology and microscopic characteristics. These conventional methods are time-consuming and requires expert knowledge. For the past years Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry has been used for routine bacterial identification in clinical laboratories but not yet in the same extension for fungi. In this study three preanalytic preparation methods for fungi were evaluated in order to shorten the processing time in routine laboratory performance.Clinically relevant strains (n=18) of molds and dermatophytes were cultivated on agar plates and prepared according to the different preparation methods for protein extraction. Each strain was analyzed in quadruplicate by the MALDI Biotyper and the database Filamentous Fungi Library 1.0.The results showed that the genus and species identification rates of the least time-consuming direct extraction method were 33% and 11% respectively.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: The relation between alcohol and abdominal obesityAuthor: Anna Eriksson och Karin EdenholmSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 30, 2013Background: Abdominal obesity is a part of the metabolic syndrome, which has a worldwideprevalence of 20-25 %. The problem with abdominal obesity is the accumulation of visceraladipose tissue, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Alcohol haseffects on metabolism, and can also lead to an increase in total energy intake; these twofactors can lead to an increase in accumulation of visceral fat. Besides this there are studiesthat show that a moderate alcohol intake could be good for your health. The context gets morecomplicated since different studies have shown contradictory results concerning theassociation between alcohol, different types of alcoholic beverages and measurements ofabdominal fat.Objective: The objective of this article review is to assess the evidence of whether alcoholintake is associated with accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, using the measurementswaist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR).Search strategy: The databases used in the literature study were PubMed and Scopus.

Under år 2011 levde ca 5800 personer i Sverige med diagnosen hiv (humant immunbristvirus) och 18 nya fall upptäcktes via MHV:s screening av gravida kvinnor. Risken att ett barn smittas under graviditet och förlossning är 15-25 % om kvinnan inte behandlas med antiretrovirala läkemedel. Riskerna ökar med ytterligare 10-15 % om kvinnan sedan väljer att amma sitt barn. Barn till kvinnor som behandlas med antiretrovirala läkemedel och har icke mätbara virusnivåer i blodet löper en risk på 0,4-1 % att smittas. RAV (referensgruppen för antivirala medel) uppdaterade 2010 sina behandlingsrekommendationer för hiv-1 positiva kvinnor under graviditet och förlossning.

The mountainous Central Asian and former Soviet country Tajikistan is the least advantaged country economically among the former Soviet Union states. Approximately 6.5 % of the land is arable in a country where roughly 80 % of the households typically own small numbers of sheep and goats. Management practices and animal husbandry in the villages such as uncontrolled breeding, mixing of animals on pastures favor transmission of infectious diseases. Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella spp. The disease is endemic in Tajikistan. B.

Consumers seem to become more demanding in their buying behaviour within the fashionmarket. The society refers to individualism, personality and creativity, which affect people?s wayof dressing themselves. Many companies have started to work with aspects that create aconsumer experience to meet the customers? new demands.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeprogrammet  vid Uppsala universitet innefattar 49,5 högskolepoäng verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU). I termin 2 har studenterna fyra veckor VFU inom basal omvårdnad och handledes då av undersköterska. Handledning är ett sätt att lära ut och utveckla kompetens och innefattar både teoretiskt och praktiskt kunnande. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka undersköterskornas upplevelser av att handleda sjuksköterskestudenter under deras verksamhetsförlagda utbildning i termin 2 på sjuksköterskeprogrammet. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med deskriptiv design.

This study was performed in order to investigate the difficulty in diagnosing retrobulbar disease with ultrasound. A retrospective study was accomplished to investigate the use of ultrasound in patients with suspected retrobulbar problems, and how often the examination is diagnostic. The computer based patient files, at the University of Agricultural Science in Uppsala, were searched for dogs with suspected retrobulbar disease. During 1999-01-01-2004-04-14, 14 patients fulfilling the search criteria were found. The patient records were studied, and the written reports from the ultrasound examinations were compared with the printed pictures from the examinations.