The purpose of this essay was to review the literature and describe the patophysiology, diagnosis, microscopic and macroscopic appearance of aortic body tumors in dogs. The tumors originate from the chemoreceptor organs situated at the base of the heart. The chemoreceptor organs are neuroendocrine cells responsible for surveillance of changes in e.g. the blood pH. Aortic body tumors are rare and represent 7 % of the total cases of primary cardiac tumors in canines.

In Scandinavia, capercaillie are often associated with pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in winter, with pine needles as the main diet. Few dietary studies have been conducted in Sweden and winter diet is subject to little debate. The interesting thing is that this "pine specialist? is also found in spruce (Picea abies) forest habitats where pine is scarce or unavailable. In many studies outside Sweden (primarily Central Europe) spruce is regularly observed in the winter diet, but I have found no reports on the selection of the diet in spruce forest areas in Sweden.

Socialt ansvar, etik och miljöansvar är något som dagens företag fokuserar mer och mer på. Företagens intressenter ställer även större krav på utvidgad information från företagen. Företagen har därför börjat presentera hållbarhetsredovisningar. Det är viktigt för dagens företag att vara medvetna om vilka intressenter de har för sin hållbarhetsredovisning och vilken information intressenterna efterfrågar. Hållbarhetsredovisningen är inte tvingande och har heller inte krav på extern granskning, vilket den finansiella redovisningen har.Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilka som är de viktigaste intressenterna för företagen när de upprättar sina hållbarhetsredovisningar.

Innan en patient som bedöms vara i behov av insatser från kommunens socialtjänst eller annan öppenvård med mera skrivs ut från slutenvården måste en vårdplanering utföras. Vårdplaneringen utförs av patientansvarig sjuksköterska tillsammans med ett antal representanter från öppenvården. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur sjuksköterskor inom landstinget upplever samordnad vårdplanering. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ enkätundersökning. Resultatet baseras på tio enkäter ifyllda av sjuksköterskor på lungmedicin på KSS i Skövde.

Bakgrund: Sexualitet innefattar än i dag en viss tabu i nästan alla samhällen, vilket kan ha bidragit till att ämnet är relativt outforskat, trots att det finns vetskap vad det gäller sexualitetens betydelse för hälsa och livsglädje. Det är konstaterat att sjukdomar och medicinska tillstånd kan ha en negativ inverkan på sexualiteten. I litteratur finns beskrivet hur patienter upplever brist på samtal och information kring sexualitet i samband med sjukdom och medicinska tillstånd. Trots den kända betydelsen av sexualitet för livskvalitet undviker eller utelämnar sjuksköterskor ofta en sexuell anamnes.Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan främja respektive hämma kommunikation med patienter kring sexualitet utifrån sjuksköterskans perspektiv.Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserats på tio vetenskapliga studier, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa, sökta via databaserna CINAHL, MEDLINE och PubMed. Dataanalysen har gjorts i enighet med Friberg samt inspirerats av Graneheim och Lundman.Resultat: Det framkom att en bra vårdrelation och god kommunikationsförmåga främjar samtal om sexualitet.

The purpose of my one year master?s thesis is to add a documentation of a data processing-process of photo- graphs to the administration of archives. The thesis is written from an archival science perspective which is to be seen in my choice of literature, method and questions at issue. To be able to form a documentation of a data processing-process I studied DiBiS, a company specialized in digitalizing old photographs and publish them on a online database. I also added a chapter where I studied how archival institutions used to handle their old photo- graphs in a traditional manner so the reader of this thesis will be able to understand and see the differences be- tween traditional and modern photograph management.

Background: In scientific literature there are various treatment programs for people with alcohol dependence described, however, are psychosocial factors that promote recovery process described to a limited extent.Purpose: To describe the psychosocial factors that promotes recovery from alcohol dependence.Method: Literature study of ten scientific articles, published between 1999-2011 with both qualitative and quantitative design.Results: According to the literature, the recovery process can be considered to begin when a person with alcohol dependence reached his personal rock bottom. The longer the recovery progresses, the greater are the overall level of performance. Social support is described as an important factor to prevent relapse and reduce the need for professional help. Self-belief and support of self-help groups are described as important to maintaining sobriety. Social support and influence from family members was related to increased ability to analyze and assess their situation during the recovery.

Nurses have an important role caring with the suicidal patient as they often are the first to encounter these individuals. In order to develop their skills, nurses need to understand the complexity of the problem around the thoughts of wanting to die. The purpose of the study was to compile and elucidate research that describes how nurses can provide care to suicidal patients. The method used was a literature review. The results were divided into seven themes that can guide the nurse in the work: to be there, give time and listen, to recognize and assess risk factors, working in a team, to be attentive to own attitudes, to give hope, to be able to process their feelings, increased knowledge of the causes of suicide.

The purpose with this essay was to study the judgements made by child- and adolescents psychiatry teams on a fictitious case, in order to see what similarities and differences there would be in their way of discussing, judging and proposing efforts.We carried out this study by visiting four child- and adolescents psychiatry teams and letting them make judgements on a fictitious case constructed by us. First the teams were introduced to a vignette and then asked to complete it by requiring more information till they considered themselves to have enough information to be able to arrive to a judgement on the case and propose efforts, on which we later interviewed the teams. After the interviews we compared what extra information the teams required, what judgements they made and what efforts they chose to offer the family. The result was analysed from a social constructivist perspective. One central analysis concept was diagnostic frame, which is about in what category the team places the problem.The study revealed that the judgements, which are socially constructed within the teams, differed, and that the teams offered the fictitious family different efforts.

In today?s technological society, there are increasingly less physical demands on the locomotor system. However, despite that notion strength and function in the hand?s complex biomechanical system are in fact both needed to cope with daily life. The grip function is a main function in the hand and is used in many examples of scientific research, for instance when assessing physical health and predicting the probabilities of premature mortality.

The purpose of this paper is to survey the textile based proto-industrialism in Sweden in the middle of the 19th century. This case study is founded upon Anders Hansson?s pre-industrial textile production at the estate of Mölneby, Östra Frölunda in the rural district of Kind in the province of Västra Götaland.Account books from the year 1853 related to Anders Hansson?s wool fabric manufacturing have been looked into and categorized using a quantitative research method. The research has also been supplemented with a number of interviews.The result of the survey shows that Anders Hansson?s business activities fit into Mendel?s theory of proto-industrialists at a practice level.By collaborating with a merchant in Gothenburg the fabrics were traded in unknown markets, as well as in more familiar neighbouring districts.

IntroduktionMissbrukets komplexitet försvårar bilden av hur drogproblemet kan motverkas. Stigmatisering leder till mer dolda problem och ett motstånd till att söka hjälp. Faktorer som livsvillkor förklarar bättre varför bruket bland ungdomar ökar. Sjuksköterskans möte med missbrukaren kompliceras av sammanhangets betydelse och påverkas av kulturens gemensamma värden och människosyn.SyfteSyftet med studien var att utifrån en missbrukares livsvärld, finna specifika ?redskap? som haft betydelse för att uppnå en drogfri tillvaro och hur sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av denna kunskap i mötet.MetodEftersom syftet var att undersöka missbrukarens livsvärld användes en hermeneutisk-kvalitativ metod.Sju drogfria missbrukare intervjuades.

One area of responsibility for a nurse is to alleviate suffering. Gender research has shown that there are differences between men and women. The aim of this literary study has been to elucidate men and women’s experience and expression of pain and to examine to what extent sex and gender influence which treatment the patient receive. The study is based on 21 scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The result shows that women experience and express more pain than men, postoperative and experimental. It is however not possible to draw any general conclusions in terms of the need for men and women to be treated in different ways.

Inledning: Syftet med denna studie är att, utifrån ett insamlat material vid S:t Lukas mottagningar i Stockholmsområdet, undersöka symptomförändring från start till avslutning i psykodynamiskt inriktade psykoterapier.Frågeställningar: Den övergripande frågeställningen är om patienter och terapeuter bedömer att terapierna haft någon effekt och i så fall vilken. Vidare om bakgrundsfaktorer och självbild påverkat symptombelastningen.Metod: Studien har genomförts med hjälp av självskattningsformulär som fyllts i före och efter behandling. Patienterna har fyllt i Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) och terapeuterna ett frågeformulär där de skattat patienternas besvär. Efter inomgruppsjämförelser har jämförelser gjorts med ett normerings-material.Resultat: Det sker en signifikant symptomlindring under terapierna. Störst är förändringen när det gäller depression, ångest och interpersonell sensitivitet samt i det sammantagna genomsnittsvärdet.

Objective: In recent years there has been an increasing interest within the clinical (medical) science in measuring people?s health. When estimating quality of life, present practise is to use the EQ-5D questionnaire and an index which weighs the different questions. The question is what happens if the individuals estimate there own health, would it differ from the public preferences? The aim is to make a new prediction model based on the opinion of patients and compare it to the present model based on public preferences.Method: A sample of 362 patients with unstable coronary artery disease from the Frisc II trial, valued their quality of life in the acute phase and after 3, 6 and 12 months.