BakgrundInledningsvis diskuteras vad tidigare forskning visat beträffande rummet och dess betydelse. Delar som berörs är rummets utformning, grönare miljö (ljud, ljus, temperatur, luft etc.), social miljö (lärares inställning), waldorfpedagogiken ? det fysiska rummet, lek som lärande samt vad olika myndigheter skriver kring klassrumsmiljön. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten som använts när vi analyserat vårt empiriska material är ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Vi har även definierat de begrepp som genomsyrar föreliggande studie; Det fysiska rummet (objektiv och subjektiv miljö), arbetssätt och arbetsform samt den proximala utvecklingszonen.SyfteSyftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur rummets storlek, planlösning och utformning, med tillgång till grupprum, kan ha betydelse för lärare i deras pedagogik.MetodUppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ studie där observationer och intervjuer har används som arbetsmetod för insamlandet av material.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka pedagogers och barns samspel i relation med matematiska begrepp och ta reda på vilka matematiska begrepp som blir synliga vid aktiviteter inomhus i en förskoleklass. Arbetet är både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Strukturerade observationer och intervjuer används som undersökningsmetoder. Intervjuerna kompletterar observationerna för att ta reda på pedagogers syfte med aktiviteterna och hur medvetna pedagoger arbetar. Dessutom jämförs observationerna och intervjuerna i analysen. Studien visar att pedagogerna har en stor betydelse i barnens matematiska begreppsutveckling. Språket är hjälpmedel för att kunna påverka barnens tankar mot utveckling och barnens användning av matematiska begrepp är beroende av hur ofta pedagogerna uttrycker sig med hjälp av matematiska begrepp.

The aim is to develop a new decision-making model for credit-loans. The model will be specific for credit applicants of the OKQ8 bank, becauseit is based on data of earlier applicants of credit from the client (the bank). The final model is, in effect, functional enough to use informationabout a new applicant as input, and predict the outcome to either the good risk group or the bad risk group based on the applicant?s properties.The prediction may then lay the foundation for the decision to grant or deny credit loan.Because of the skewed distribution in the response variable, different sampling techniques are evaluated. These include oversampling with SMOTE, random undersampling and pure oversampling in the form of scalar weighting of the minority class.

This paper examines how the ideal of manhood is portrayed and constructed and how the participation of Swedish soldier volunteers are motivated and legitimatized. The purpose of this examination is to gain understanding and knowledge about the Swedish soldiers in the Swedish brigade, how they legitimatize and motivate their participation and how the ideal of manhood is portrayed and constructed. The study is based on material from the war archive in Stockholm. The empirical material is composed by letters and propaganda material. In the analysis of the empirical study, there have been two theories used which are Eric Hobsbawms historical method and theory about invented traditions and Peter Aronssons historical method and theory about ?historiebruk? and legitimacy.

Abstract In the following text we analyse different perspectives in a meeting between a theatre and a visiting school class from grade six in the Swedish Primary School, in order to investigate the conditions for children?s participation and for making children?s own voices heard in professional theatres. Though it is common for Swedish theatre artists to try to understand and interpret children?s perspectives, it is rare for children to be given the opportunity to show their own perspectives in professional theatres in Sweden (Davet 2011 p. 18).

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the target to convert the Swedish military aviation industry towards working within the civilian sector was planned and implemented parallel to the target of building a world-class military aircraft. A number of Government bills have been studied, bills directly connected to the JAS-project as well as bills dealing with civilian project ?s for the military aviation industry. The first group includes bills dealing with the JAS-project ?s role in the overarcing defence policy, as well as the Government ?s bill specifying the guidelines for the JAS-project.

The main purpose of this essay is to study how classroom interaction can take place in a class for Second Language Learners (SLL).1 I have applied a case study methodology on a linguistic method used by a Teacher in Swedish as Second Language working on a primary school situated in the Southern suburbs of Stockholm. The learning method is based on extensive reading of books which comprehend several learning techniques organized into a process that support the development of linguistic skills such as discussing in a group, writing, reading and thinking in a second language. The methodology applied is based on observations, on an interview with a Teacher in Swedish as Second Language and on a questionnaire answered by 11 students that participated on ?Boksamtal?.Based on a theoretical framework about socio cultural theories on learning and scaffolding,2 I attempt to integrate theory and practice to investigate how the Teacher succeed on applying effective methods for second language learning. Through the analyses of the data is also my intention to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of such a method.

Under dräktigheten modulerar embryot stoets immunförsvar på flera sätt för att undvika att stötas bort. Embryots invasiva trofoblaster är de enda trofoblaster som uttrycker så kallade major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I). Invasiva trofoblaster bildar endometrial cups och därefter nedregleras MHC I, vilket bedöms vara viktigt för embryots fortlevnad. Endometrial cups utsöndrar även immunsupprimerande faktorer och kan påverka de maternella cellernas cytokinuttryck på flera sätt. Delade meningar råder om huruvida stoets immunförsvar går mot ett cellmedierat eller antikroppsmedierat svar under dräktighet.

Numerous studies raise the topic of highly educated immigrants whose education and list of qualifications devalue in the context of the Swedish labour market. However, little is known of those with foreign background who enter into higher education in Sweden. Our study attempts to shed some light onto the value of higher education relative to that of a person?s ethnic background. The background material features nine in-depth interviews of foreign background academics, as well as data extracted from an extensive survey study previously carried out at Växjö University. Initially, the quantitative data showed that students with foreign background, including Swedish-born children of immigrants, had not managed to find qualified work upon completion of studies to the same extent as their Swedish background counterparts.

In Stockholm there are currently five women, out of a total of 102 employees, working in public sports arenas. In sports arenas men are numerically superior amongst the workers as well as the visitors. These arenas are in many ways male dominated, masculinized environments. In this essay I investigate the reasons behind the uneven distribution, in terms of gender, among sports arena workers. I do this by interviewing seven female sports arena workers (the five current and two former), and by observing their workplaces.

Today, our cows experience a harder pressure to achieve higher milk yield. To manage this challenge the animal needs first class feeding and treatment. An important aspect of the feeding is to fulfil the need from the cows of especially fiber; and fiber with a sufficient proportion of long particles. Both too much and too little fiber is bad for the wellbeing of the cow, and she might get diseases like acidosis. Many models for feed management have been developed to secure that the animal gets enough of e.g. fiber with a sufficient proportion of long particles.

Platsmarknadsföring är ett växande fenomen internationellt och i Sverige, då det påstås att ?städer tävlar mot andra städer? om besöksnäringen, nyetableringar av företag och befolkning. Att platsmarknadsföra sin stads specifika värden, genom att paketera och ?sälja? in staden, har blivit mer av en regel än ett undantag, där man genom texter och bilder vill lyfta fram stadens specifika kvalitéer.Men vad gömmer sig i skuggsidan av platsmarknadsföringen? Och vidare vad blir effekterna av de bilder man visar upp av staden?Många kritiska forskare menar att risken är att befolkningen i staden inte känner igen bilden av sin stad och då känner sig åsidosatta och platsmarknadsföringen förlorar då sin styrka. Därför blir också intern platsmarknadsföring oerhört viktigt för att vinna legitimitet hos befolkningen.I min undersökning har jag gjort en djupstudie av Karlstad relativt nya platsvarumärke °Karlstad med tillhörande platsvarumärkesmaterial.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect the Nazi threat had on the swedish labour movement between 1932 and 1939 and to enrich what kind of pre-understanding they had about the fall of the Weimar Republic and the upcoming and effects of the Third Reich.Brought by the development in Germany, a debate and struggle took place in the Social Democratic journal Tiden over the meaning of concepts and there ability, in the hands of demagogs, to overthrow democratic structures. The concept of socialism and its concepts attribute play a major part in this investigation. By establishing fields of tension such as - nation vs internationalism, socialism in theory and in practice, political democracy vs evolved democracy and the diverse principles of neutrality, the first principle meaning the defending of national boarders, the other meaning not only defending your own country but taking an active part in defending democracy in the world - I was able to observe the movement and change of concepts within this fields. The result showing that the concept of socialism and near related attributes, in the hands of national socialists had undertaken a wast change of meaning, which applied in the Swedish debate threatened to undermine the power and force of the Social Democrats applied in the political discourse in Sweden. To defend itself and strengthening the Social Democratic hegemony as well as maintaining the goal of evolved democratic expansion, they were forced to win the confidence and votes of the middle class.

The Swedish working-class author Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901-1990) wrote a collection of one hundred short stories between the years 1968-1972. His other productions, generally speaking, have partially different social reform purposes, but, according to himself, these short stories were written with the intention to be totally free of tendencies (even though he himself doubted that he succeeded with this).During the same period that these short stories were published, the Swedish social democrats were under the challenge of radical movements that, mainly on the radical left?s ideological foundation, had a relatively strong influence in Sweden, among other countries, from the mid 1960?s to the late 1970?s. Since Lo-Johansson mainly seemed to have supported the politics of the social democrats, the purpose of the investigation in this thesis has been to see if he ? in the three short stories: Vikingakärlek (1970), Rikslögnaren (1971) and Ansgars resa till Sverige (1972) ? is conveying an ideological use of history and basic political values that were used by the social democratic party during this time period.

Background:  Heart failure is a multidimensional phenomenon with high mortality. Heart failure is treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) that counteract neurohormonal stimuli that occur in heart failure, as well as providing vessel dilatation, which reduces symptoms and the need for hospitalization and increases survival. Despite this, only about 50% of heart failure patients survive 6 years after diagnosis with drug therapy, and as heart failure is increasing globally, due to improved care and treatment and increasing life expectancy of the population, there is a great need for new drugs such as LCZ696 that acts by dual inhibition of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system and neprilysin inhibition.Objective: The aim of this literature study was to evaluate the efficacy of current treatment and possible future treatments on mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients.Results: The examined articles show that treatment with ACE inhibitors in patients with symptomatic heart failure reduces the risk of total mortality by 16% over 3.5 years, reduces all-cause mortality or hospitalization due to heart failure with NNT (number needed to treat) = 10.4 over 3.5 years and increases median survival by 9.2 months over 12.1 years in patients with asymptomatic heart failure. Treatments with high-dose ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and hospitalization because of cardiovascular causes and hospitalizations from any cause by NNT = 30 over 3 years. Beta-blockers reduce sudden death and total mortality and cardiac death or non - fatal myocardial infarction with NNT = 38 and NNT = 23, respectively, over 12 months.