The parasite Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoa discovered in the late 1980s. N. caninum has an indirect lifecycle which means it needs a definitive host and an intermediate host. The confirmed definitive host for N. caninum is dog and the intermediate hosts are among others dog and cattle.

The aim of this study was to determine the self-perceived learning needs in patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). CHD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Poor compliance is one of the causes of rehospitalisation. Patients suffering from CHD need education in order to manage their disease and prevent readmission to hospital. As hospital stays diminish the time available for patient education is limited.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

The parasite Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoa discovered in the late 1980s. N. caninum has an indirect lifecycle which means it needs a definitive host and an intermediate host. The confirmed definitive host for N. caninum is dog and the intermediate hosts are among others dog and cattle.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka förekomsten av karies och parodontit hos personer med Morbus Crohn. Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie. Materialet till litteraturstudien samlades in genom sökning i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och ScienceDirect. De sökord som användes vid litteratursökningen i samtliga databaser var ?caries?, ?Crohn?s disease?, ?periodontal disease? och ?periodontitis?.

The purpose of this thesis has been to gather knowledge about the complaints of tying-up in horses and to show that the importance of feeding. The thesis includes a literature review of tying-up how preventative measures by feeding can be made. In the equine sport, crosscountry, horses occasionally suffers from tying-up, a muscle disease. An increased knowledge about the disease is demanded by riders and trainers as the disease disrupts training and competition of suffered horses. A cross-country horse works very hard in training and during competitions but the work bouts are long enough for the muscle cells to use aerobic pathways in the metabolism.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

This study aims at investigating the spousal relationships of persons who have been diagnosed with dementia and are living in a nursing home. Eight spouses? descriptions of their relationship, spousal interaction and the relationship´s impact on the spouse´s life were captured through qualitative interviews. The results show three main types of interaction patterns: one of spousal joy and happiness; a combination of both happiness and sadness; and a pattern of no positive reactions. The strength of the relationship was based on the analysis of trust, intimacy and commitment to the relationship.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och jämföra skattning av känslan av sammanhang och tilltro till sin egen förmåga hos patienter med stroke respektive kronisk njursvikt.Metod: Frågeformulären GSE och SOC användes för att mäta tilltro till sin egen förmåga samt känsla av sammanhang hos patienter med stroke (n=63) och patienter med kronisk njursvikt (n=54). Deltagarna valdes ut från diagnosregistret ICD 10 från ett landsting i Mellansverige.Resultat: Båda patientgrupperna skattade högst på delskalan SOC-begriplighet och lägst på delskalan SOC-meningsfullhet. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan yngre och äldre patienter med stroke gällande skattning av delskalan begriplighet. Det fanns dock inga signifikanta skillnader mellan yngre och äldre patienter med kronisk njursvikt. Båda patientgrupperna skattade tilltron till sin egen förmåga ungefär lika högt.Slutsats: Resultatet av denna studie visar att äldre strokepatienter upplever sig ha större begriplighet än yngre patientervilket kan bero på livserfarenhet vilket stämmer överens med tidigare studier.

The artic fox is under threat of extermination in Europe. The population decreased strongly at the beginning of the twentieth century because of intensive hunting. The artic fox was placed under protection by law 1928 in Sweden but despite this the population has had difficultly to recover. This can depend on several reasons, but the main threats are shortage of food and competition from the red fox. Along with Norway and Finland, Sweden has carried out a project called SEFALO (Saving the Endangered Fennoscandian Alopex lagopus), whose objectives were to prevent continued decreased populationnumbers and through, for example supplementary feeding, help the population to recover.

Measurement of plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides have been suggested to be of diagnostic and prognostic value in canine cardiac disease. In several previous canine studies, however, a considerable overlap between investigated groups has been identified. A reliable natriuretic peptide test for use in clinical practice requires establishment of reference values for natriuretic peptides in healthy dogs and cut-off values for subclinical disease as well as for clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Numerous physiological, pathological and pharmacological factors, aside heart function, may influence concentration of natriuretic peptides. A potential effect of dog breed on natriuretic peptide concentration has been suggested but has, to our knowledge, not previously been specifically studied.

The purpose was to investigate how conversationalinteraction is pragmatically affected in Huntington?s disease; whetherthis can be assessed by means of a questionnaire completed by a closepartner and how the close partners consider communicative ability haschanged since the onset of illness. Three dyads, consisting of a personwith Huntington?s disease and a conversational partner were involved.Conversations were analyzed with respect to the parameters in thequestionnaire and through Activity Based Communication Analysis.The results showed word finding difficulties, impaired turn taking,feedback and body language, repair, articulation and prosody.Agreement between communication analysis and the close partnerreport varied between 54-65 %. The close partners consideredcommunicative initiative, articulation, turn taking and sentenceintonation as much changed.

Background: Anorexia nervosa is a disease that often strikes teenager girls. The causes of the disease are not entirely known, but there are redeemed and maintenanced factors. The factors describes as biological, psychological and sociocultural. Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate the nurses problem in caring of girls that developed anorexia nervosa. Method: The method of this essay is a literature study.

Bakgrund Inom dialyssjukvården möts dialyssjuksköterskor och patienter regelbundet flera gånger varje vecka, kanske under flera år. Detta medför många möten där relationer uppstår.Syfte Att beskriva dialyssjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av långvariga vårdrelationer med personer med kronisk njursjukdom som kräver hemodialysbehandling.Metod Tolv dialyssjuksköterskor i Mellansverige intervjuades. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes.Resultat Tillfredsställelsen av långa vårdrelationer med dialyspatienter berikar dialyssjuksköterskan både professionellt och som person. Möten med patienter under lång tid ger många positiva känslor och det är roligt att få följa patienternas utveckling. Upplevelsen av Komplexiteten i långa vårdrelationer, att möta och nötas mot samma patienter över lång tid, ibland över flera år kunde upplevas utmanande att i professionen hantera dessa på ett bra sätt.

The number of people who gets obesity increase wiht 1/2-1 % every year. Despite this number it is shown that obesity is a chronic and neglected decease. The purposes of this literature study were to describe how obesity effects adult and the risk of complications and the factors the nurse needs to know which effects patiens with obesity. The results shows the connection between obesity and complications and also what methods the nurse can use in the preventive work..