Equal treatment in school is an on-going debate in the Swedish society. At the same time teachers around the country struggles to make ends meet because of a heavy workload. Voices have been raised that teachers no longer have the time to actually be teachers since they get piled up with paper work and other administrative tasks. However, schools are bound by law to take action against harassments and discrimination of any kind. There is also an overall policy in the Swedish national curriculum that every school must embrace diversity and actively teach students about solidarity and respect.

BackgroundHeart failure is an increasing chronic disease in the western world due to an aging population and a changed lifestyle. The basic treatment is pharmacological with substantial lifestyle changes. Much is known about physical exercise in middle aged and younger patients but in the patients over the age of 65, little is known. AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on patients aged over 65 with congestive heart failure. MethodA systematic review was undertaken in the databases Cinahl and PubMed.

ABSTRACT Background: The ward round is a collaboration between nurse, doctor and patient. A good collaboration and communication is essential to their interrelation. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate patients' comprehension in regard to integrity, information and participation during round. We also looked at differences about comprehension between men and women.  Methods: A questionnaire was answered by 34 patients in three wards at the University hospital in Uppsala. Results: The patients believed they could talk openly ?quite well? but they experienced it ?sometimes? disturbing to talk openly if other patients were in the room.

The aim of the study was to examine how child investigators in the police force interpret and apply the notification of preliminary investigation (FuK) and the po-lice act in their child investigative interviews with alleged victims of sexual abuse. Questions at issue were how child investigators relate to FuK 17-19 §§, re-garding child investigative interviews and to FuK 16 § and the police act 3 §, re-garding their co-operation with social services. The theory and method used in this study was Sociology of Law. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight child investigators, one from each police district in Stockholm. The results of the study conclude that despite special qualifications, child investigators may find themselves in difficulty in receiving or interpreting information from chil-dren, therefore they may need to consult a person with expert knowledge.

This study explores the effects of two different post-treatment methods on stain reduction in glazed creamware from the late 20th century. The objects stains have been characterized by type one and type two stains which is the result of prolonged contact with food residues, were subjected to the same initial stain reduction. The two post-treatment methods examined are soaking the objects in deionized water and surface rinsing with deionized water. The comparative analysis included photographs under normal and UV-light exposure to assess stain visibility, weight measurements before and after treatments to monitor the absorption and evaporation of liquids, and observations throughout the experiment. The results revealed that while type two stains showed significant alterations after treatments, specifically after soaking, type one stains remained unaffected by both methods.

Hypertoni är en folksjukdom som drabbar en femtedel av den svenska befolkningen. Orsaker till hypertoni kan vara livsstilsrelaterade, som stress, övervikt eller fysisk inaktivitet. Distriktssköterskor har som uppdrag att kontrollera patienters blodtryck, ge stöd och rådgivning till förändrad livsstil. Detta för att främja hälsa och förebygga hypertoni eller förbättra ett förhöjt blodtryck.Syftet med examensarbetet är att sammanställa befintlig kunskap från litteratur om distriktssköterskors hälsofrämjande omvårdnadsåtgärder till patienter med hypertoni.Examensarbetet är en litteraturstudie där kunskap från 12 vetenskapliga studier förts samman till ett nytt övergripande resultat, en metasyntes. Resultatet visar att de hälsofrämjande omvårdnadsåtgärder distriktssköterskor utför till patienter med hypertoni sker som Hälsoutbildning på standardiserat eller personcentrerat sätt.

Syfte: Att undersöka distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av rollen som ledare för omvårdnadsarbetet i kommunal hemsjukvård. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats. Tio distriktssköterskor verksamma inom kommunal hemsjukvård i två olika kommuner deltog i studien. Data insamlades via semi-strukturerade intervjuer och analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre kategorier med åtta subkategorier framkom.

Family members need a great deal of support during palliative care. It is vital for the family that nursing contacts are accessible all day and night. The nurse can support the family members by sharing a professional knowledge and adapt the information to the recipient, by being present and also encourage them by not only focus on death. The support should be adapted to each individual and also have the possibility to be adjusted in each case. The aim of the study was to illustrate family members experiences of support in a late stage of palliative care.

SammanfattningDet här arbetet är en litteraturstudie. Arbetet tar upp litteratur om kommunikation i vården främst från humansidan, men även en del veterinärlitteratur. Arbetet tar upp grunden för kommunikation och olika kommunikationsmodeller. Vidare tas sjuksköterskans roll upp och hur den kan påverka relationen till patienten genom professionalism, empati, människosyn och medmänsklighet. Det handlar även om vad litteraturen säger om effekten av behandling som ett resultat av kommunikation samt hur man kan mäta effekten av behandling.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelse av sin yrkesroll och vad som ingår i uppdraget. Studien hade en beskrivande design och tio distriktssköterskor från tre olika hälsocentraler i Mellansverige deltog i studien. Data samlades in via strukturerade intervjuer och analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet som framkom under intervjuerna redovisas utifrån tre kategorier och ett tema: Att utvecklas i yrkesrollen och i teamarbetet trots avsaknaden av tydliga styrdokument om uppdraget. Kategorierna som framkom var: Yrkesroll, teamarbete och distriktssköterskans uppdrag.  Distriktssköterskorna upplevde sin yrkesroll som ett brett, fritt och ett varierande yrke med många möjligheter att utvecklas i.

BACKGROUND: One of the nurse?s areas of responsibility is to relieve suffering. Research has shown that nurses give an indication of an emotional load in the interaction with dying patients. This means that patients need of relieved suffering gets disregarded because of nurse?s fear of the unknown.

Two elementary schools are now being built in Gråbo (in the municipality of Lerum),Röselidsskolan and Ljungviksskolan, which are both designed with solar thermalcollectors for the schools domestic water heating. During the summer while thelargest amount of solar heat can be generated, the activity hence the domestic wateruse in the schools are heavily reduced. Both schools are connected to the local districtheating system which makes it possible to use the solar collectors to deliver heat tothe district heating.The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the two systems mentioned above and todetermine which system is more suitable to apply on a school. The building whichconditions were used for this evaluation is Röselidsskolan.A solar heating plant of each system type was dimensioned from the expected andknown conditions of the building. The purpose with the dimensioning was to makethe solar plants replace the ordinary energy source as much as possible.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: An increasing number of patients in Sweden receive epidural anaesthesia (EDA) in connection to surgery. Caring for patients with acute pain is a responsibility that is strongly established within the profession of the nurse anaesthetist. If the care provided by the nurse anaesthetist for patients who receive epidural anaesthesia is to evolve then further insight and knowledge is required regarding the individual´s experience.Aim: To describe patients' experiences in receiving epidural anaesthesia based on an earlier perioperative start-up of the EDA.Method: Based on a qualitative approach, the aim is to conduct semi-structured interviews with patients who receive EDA in connection to abdominal or gynaecological surgery. Research subjects' statements in the context of the interviews will be transcribed and then analysed using qualitative content analysis. In order to evaluate the chosen method regarding data collection and analysis model an exploratory pilot study was conducted.

In a situation with dying patients it can be difficult for a nurse to know how to act..

Most of the stoma-operated persons must work themselves through difficult feelings. The task for the nurse is to deliver a care that promotes as much independence as possible. The aim of this literature review was to illuminate how the self-care agencies affect the well-being for the persons who are operated for stoma. A systematic literature study was done based on eleven scientific studies. Three categories, which describe how self-care agencies affect the physical, psychological and social well-being, are presented in the result.