The world?s population reached more than 6.9 billion people in July 2011. It is expected that the population growth during the next 40 years will take place mostly in low-income countries and the population increase will be 2.3 billion people during 2011-2050. A rapid urbanization is also expected to result in 57.7 per cent of Africa?s population living in urban areas in 2050.

Introduction: Frequent attenders is a term used in health care services that define a person attending a health care setting more than four times during a 12 month period. Recently published research concerning frequent attenders in pediatric emergency departments describes their reasons for attending a health care service or characteristics of these individuals but lacks a qualitative approach exploring their experiences. There is a need of these experiences to be shared so that health care personnel caring for this group may gain a greater understanding of their needs and expectations.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how parents of children defined as frequent attenders experience the care received at a pediatric emergency department.Method: Qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. A pilot study of four interviews was conducted to test the method. Sampling consisted of parents of children defined as frequent attenders and that were not diagnosed with a chronic illness.

The Swine flu (H1N1) erupted in 2009 and wasquickly spread over the world and developed into a pandemic, with a great threat against people?s health. It was soon discovered that the H1N1?virus had a different character than the seasonal flu, since it especially affected younger individuals and the consequences from the disease were expected to be more severe. In Sweden it was decided to provide a free of charge vaccination against the H1N1-virus, and the Swedish vaccination ratiobecome relatively high compared to other countries.

Background: Ovarian cancer affects many women worldwide. Tumors that grow in the genitalia and pelvis have because of its placement a large threat to the sexual ability. Treatment for ovarian cancer may lead to the sexual possibilities inhibited. Sexual health is a state of physical, mental, emotional and social well-being related to sexuality. Sexual health can be experienced in spite of disease, dysfunction or infirmity.

Actinomycosis is a rare, deep-seated infection of the jaw of cattle that include the progressive enlargement of bone structures. It is caused by Actinomyces bovis, a gram-positive rod found as a normal commensal of the alimentary canal in otherwise healthy animals. This paper shortly describes Actinomyces bovis and its ability to cause "lumpy jaw" or actinomycosis in cattle. It will describe its pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and some clinical presentations. The incidence of symptomatic actinomycosis infection is quite low in Sweden today.

The genus Borrelia is a widespread, pathogenic pest and the causative of among others borreliosis or Lyme disease. The vector for the bacteria is the hard tick, Ixodes ricinus and the infection is transferred through a bite. Untreated, Borrelia may cause arthritis, heart damage or neuroborreliosis. Infection is made possible through different strategies for avoiding the body?s complement system.

This bachelor?s thesis examines costs of welfare services in municipalities of the region of Västra Götaland in Sweden. Previous research provided reasons to expect a link between costs of welfare services and demographic changes. Furthermore, Willam J. Baumol?s theory about ?the cost disease? also provided reasons to expect a link between welfare services and salary levels.

Bakgrund: Akupunktur har använts under tusentals år som behandling vid olika sjukdomstillstånd. I Sverige används metoden främst vid smärttillstånd. Författarna vill undersöka akupunktur som omvårdnadsåtgärd genom att belysa patientupplevelsen. Långvarig smärta är ett vanligt, utbrett och komplext problem som är svårbehandlat. Patienter upplever ofta bristfälliga resultat med behandlingen som traditionell medicin erbjuder.

AIDS is a huge problem in the world and it is spreading rapidly, especially in Africa. Botswana is one of the worlds worst-hit countries, with over one-third of the inhabitants infected by HIV/AIDS. The measures that have been taken to stop the spread of AIDS are to inform and enlighten people on how the disease is spread and how to protect oneself. The aim of this thesis is to investigate what different ways of informing people about AIDS different organisations make use of in Botswana. The thesis also addresses how some receivers of the AIDS information experience it.

Att vara anhörigvårdare till en person med Alzheimers sjukdom innebär förändringar inom familjen som kan vara svåra att hantera. Sjuksköterskan kan hjälpa anhörigvårdaren att lättare hantera rollen som vårdare genom att ge adekvat information och stöd. Syftet var att undersöka behovet av stöd och information hos anhörigvårdare till personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metoden var en litteraturstudie där fyra kvalitativa samt tio kvantitativa artiklar sammanställdes till ett resultat. Resultatet visade på ett stort behov av information och stöd under hela sjukdomsprocessen.

Bakgrund: Hälso- och sjukvårdslagen fick år 2010 en ny paragraf som resulterat i nya riktlinjer i flera av Sveriges landsting angående bemötandet av barn som anhöriga. Årligen förlorar 3361 barn en förälder på grund av svår sjukdom och detta kan resultera i en sämre fysisk och psykisk hälsa hos barnet. En ökad medvetenhet inom sjukvården skulle möjliggöra igenkännande och stöd till drabbade barn. Syfte: Att beskriva hur barn hanterar sin situation då en förälder är svårt sjuk och hur sjuksköterskan kan stödja barnet. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 studier med kvalitativ ansats.

Rhodesian ridgeback is a dog breed that originates from southern Africa. The characteristic ridge (a dorsal ridge where the hair grows in the opposite direction to the general coat) is shared with an Asian breed, Thai ridgeback. The origin and inheritance of the ridge has been examined and defined. The ridge-mutation is a duplication that contains four complete genes, FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 and the 3´-end of CCND1. The ridge is inherited as an autosomal, dominant trait and predisposes for Dermoid sinus (DS), a disease that develops during embryogenesis.

Background: When a child is diagnosed with food allergy with risk of anaphylaxis, it affects the whole family. The child must learn to live with a chronicle disease and learn the importance of avoiding the specific allergens that may cause a life-threatening condition. The parents must adapt to a way of life with limitations in the everyday life as well as a constant concern for the child. They must learn to handle an auto-injector and to recognize symptoms of a coming anaphylaxis. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe parent?s experiences of living with children who has foodallergy with special focus on anaphylaxis.

The research in the field of biotechnology is rapidly developing all over the world. Modern biotechnology offers unique opportunities, simultaneously as it gives rise to a number of ethical issues. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), PGD/HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) and germline gene therapy (GLGT) are controversial techniques. PGD gives a possibility to identify a genetic disease prior to the embryo?s implantation in the uterus.

Bakgrund: Levercirros är ett sjukdomstillstånd som har hög mortalitet om inte en levertransplantation genomförs. Väntelistan till transplantation är lång samtidigt som organbehovet ökar. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva patientens upplevelser och livskvalitet i väntan på en levertransplantation. Metod: En litteraturöversikt valdes där 9 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades enligt Fribergs modell (2006). Resultat: Beskedet om att bli uppsatt på väntelista präglades av både positiva och negativa känslor; glädje, lättnad, oro samt tveksamhet.