The aim of this study was to find out if hypertext structure has any relevance for the efficiency of information retrieval. An experiment, in which three variants of hypertext structure were compared, was carried out in the autumn of 1998. Three websites with different structures were constructed for this purpose: a sequential version, a hierarchical version and a webcluster version. 44 subjects, all students at the University of Lund, were randomly divided into three groups. Subjects were requiered to answer a number of questions using one of the three versions.

This is a study of how four teachers work with pupils? early literacy learning. Interviews were conducted with two teachers who chose to use a specific method, Writing to Read (WTR), for teaching pupils to read, and with two teachers who had not chosen a specific method. The aim of the study was to compare how the teachers worked, their motives for their choice of method, and the ideas the teachers have about early literacy learning. To see whether the teachers? choice of method was related to the individualization of the teaching and their views of pupils? learning in interaction, Vygotsky?s theories about children?s learning have been used.

Four different kinds of filter-materials with reactive surfaces have been studied concerning their capacity to absorb heavy metals in leachate from a municipal waste deposit. The heavy metals studied were: lead, cadmium, copper, mercury, chromium, nickel and zinc. The leachate contains high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and has a high pH-value along with a high buffer capacity. These characteristics of the leachate make it difficult to remove pollutants and require efficient filters. The filters that were examined in the report are blast-furnace slag with CaO, sand covered with iron oxides, olivine and nepheline.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att utföra de la Fuente et al:s (2014) experiment med priming av temporalt fokus hos arbisktalande individer med svenska som andraspråk. De frågor som undersöks är i vilken utsträckning de la Fuente et al:s temporalfokushypotes är generaliserbar till fler språkgrupper än spansktalande, vilka primingeffekterna blir hos individerna, samt vilka faktorer som inverkar på det temporala fokuset utöver primingen. Metoden är att återupprepa det experiment de la Fuente et al. gjort med spansktalande, genom att återutföra det på en grupp arabisktalande individer med svenska som andraspråk. Resultatet av föreliggande studies upprepning av de la Fuentes experiment på arabisktalande, visar att primingeffekterna uteblir, men att faktorer som vistelsetid och ålder inverkar påvisbart på tidsrepresentationen.

The effect of methyl jasmonate on resistance against the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings. A field experiment was conducted in order to determine the dose-response effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on growth and defence to pine weevils in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) and to compare the effect of MJ between pine and spruce. In addition a complementary greenhouse experiment was conducted with the same aims as above and to determine the amount of resin ducts and their correlation to the feeding of pine weevils. The field experiment was conducted on a fresh clear cutting in Garpenberg, southern Dalarna in central Sweden. The experiment consisted of 30 blocks with three kinds of containerized seedlings: 2-year old spruce, small pine (before shoot elongation) and 1-year old pine (already shoot elongated). They were all exposed to 4 treatments 14 days prior to the experiment: control, 25 mM/L MJ, 50 mM/L MJ and 100 mM/L MJ. Data on weevil damage and seedling growth were collected after the first and the second growing season. The seedlings in the greenhouse experiment were of the same kind and were exposed to the same treatment as the ones in the field experiment.

The reason why I choose the subject ?Warts on teats of Dairy Cows? was because the herd I work with has big problems with skin-complaint on teats and udder. So I found it interesting to try to find the reason why the cows look like they do and even to find a way to relieve the trouble. The examine work included both a literature research, an experimental test, concerning a comparison of different teat sprays and also an inquiry-research about the occurrence of warts in practical herds in order to collect as much facts as possible. Three companies, selling different types of teat disinfectants, were willing to sponsor the teat dipping experiment. The aim of the experiment was to see if any special disinfectant had more pronounced healing effects on teat warts. The date for the experiment was 18th December 2004 to 22nd January 2005, which was going to be 5 weeks.The experiment was carried out in the herd of Ola and Eskil Carlsson in Fjärlöv, Hässleholm. The three compared teat spray chemicals were; Nova Viri Sun, Nardosept, and BlockadeTM. These chemicals were compared to one control group, which teats were treated with the ordinary chemical normally used in the herd, i.e.

Uppsatsen handlar om huruvida sociologin fortfarande är relevant när ekonomivetenskapen breddar sitt studiefält till att inte längre vara självklart ekonomisk utan också ställa frågor som traditionellt legat på sociologins bord. Genom en teoretisk analys av statistiska resultat angående användandet av inköpslista i samband med matvaruinköp undersöker uppsatsen huruvida ekonomins klassiska handlingsteori, rational choice, och dess antaganden om homo economicus är tillräckligt för att förklara de resultat som uppkommer. Jürgen Habermas teori om kommunikativt handlande, och Webers handlingsteori används som exempel på utpräglat sociologiska handlingsteorier vars förklaringsförmåga av de uppkomna resultaten jämförs med rational choice theory. Arbetet visar hur ekonomivetenskapen i sin strävan att bredda sitt studiefält behöver ifrågasätta vissa klassiska antaganden, något som under senare årtionden har inträffat, och att sociologin kan ge förklaringar där klassisk ekonomisk teori faller kort..

The main purpose of this study was to inquire into personality and the state anxiety in relation to career decidedness scale among students in upper secondary school. The participants were 124 students in three grades and respectively non vocationally oriented classes. The participants were asked to grade themselves on a scale in relation to the statements regarding, state of decidedness for career choice, personality (NEO FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1985. Sweden, Gerontologic Center) and anxiety (AnTI, Wells, 1994). The results showed no significant relationship between personality and state of anxiety that could be connected to the decidedness for career choice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how a bank?s features and internal factors have affected its choice of method in calculating the capital requirement.Theoretical and Empirical Method: The research strategy of this study has been of a qualitative nature with a deductive approach. The choice of method was depth interviews with respondents from a targeted sample of Swedish banks. These respondents were chosen based on the knowledge they possess as key employees in the capital requirement process and their involvement in choosing their banks? method for calculating the capital requirement.

Packaging has had little impact in marketing literature. Research has focused on a single transaction approach. Lately researchers are looking at packages as a tool for brand building purposes. Thus, the focus is moving towards a multiple transaction approach, where packages can affect the consumer also after the purchase. For a range of goods extrinsic cues has been shown to have stronger effect on consumers' evaluation than intrinsic ones.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka pedagogers uppfattningar kring ett arbete med Balthazarlådan som ett färdigdefinierat material innehållande enkla kemiska experiment. Det färdigdefinierade materialet, Balthazarlådan innehåller experiment om vattnets aggregationsformer och ytspänning, material till experimenten samt förklaringar till experimenten. Genom individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer så har svar på följande frågor sökts: Vilka tankar har pedagoger kring att arbeta med ett färdigdefinierat material, en låda med enkla kemiska experiment? Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar upplever pedagoger med att arbeta utifrån ett färdigdefinierat material i förskolan? Vilka tankar har pedagoger om det färdigdefinierade materialet som en inspirationskälla kring arbetet med kemi i förskolans verksamhet? Resultatet visar att pedagogerna har arbetat med Balthazarlådan på olika sätt, antingen genom barnens intressen eller för att få barnen intresserade av kemi. Alla pedagogerna ser många fördelar att arbeta med kemi i verksamheten utifrån Balthazarlådan.

AbstractBy finding out the pupils' choice of strategies for problem solving, we as teachers, can get a better understanding of their way of thinking, and thus also help them develop in their learning of mathematics. In a classroom environment where several different strategies could be found, the pupils' learning is facilitated as they, with the help of classmates, find positive and negative attributes of different kinds of strategies. The pupils are, in other words, each other's resources, rather than competitors. The main point is that the classroom environment, as well as the role of the teacher in the classroom, are both key elements for good mathematics learning.In order to increase the understanding of the pupils' choice of learning strategies, a survey was performed based on two school classes, one third grade and one six grade class at the same school. Both classes received the same mathematical problem to work with, and the strategies observed were analyzed and compared.

Smärta är en komplex biopsykosocial process i vilken vårdgivarnas bemötande verkar kunna spela en viktig roll. Syftet med denna uppsats var att genom ett experiment undersöka om validering leder till lägre grad av katastrofierande, negativ affekt och ilska samt mer tillfredsställelse med bemötandet jämfört med invalidering. De 62 deltagarna, samtliga studenter utan smärtproblematik, randomiserades till betingelserna validering respektive invalidering. En smärtinducerande övning utfördes varpå deltagarna skattade en rad psykologiska mått. Efter varje övning gavs antingen betingelsen validering eller invalidering.

Centraliserad lagring av data är idag vanligt på företag och andra organisationer. För att användarna ska få åtkomst till informationen används kommunikationsprotokoll såsom Server Message Block (SMB). I detta arbete utvärderas de två versionerna av protokollet SMB1 och SMB2 i praktiska experiment. SMB1 har problem med nätverksfördröjning som resulterar i dålig prestanda, SMB2 utvecklades med detta i åtanke och ska därmed hantera nätverksfördröjning bättre. Utvärdering av protokollen sker praktiskt i ett antal olika experiment med olika intervall av nätverksfördröjning och därefter en analys.

The purpose of this paper is to study how people without home experience social services and how they experience their space of action when they meet social services. In order to answer these questions, a qualitative approach has been used. The empirical material consists of five interviews with people who have contact with social services because they are homeless. To support my analysis of the space of action for the persons being interviewed, I?ve used two theoretical perspectives, power analysis by Michel Foucault and Rational Choice.