Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas mer än 50000 personer av cancer varje år, men det är inte bara patienten som drabbas utan även alla närstående. Ca 35 % av all cancer går inte att bota och vården blir palliativ, vilken syftar till att förebygga och lindra lidandet för patienten och dennes familj. Att vara närstående i denna situation framkallar många olika känslor.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa upplevelsen av att vara närstående till en palliativ patient med cancer.Metod: Studien är utförd utifrån en kvalitativ ansats och är baserad på sex biografier där resultatet har bearbetats med stöd av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Upplevelsen av att vara närstående till en patient med cancer tar fram många motstridiga känslor såsom oro, hopp, vanmakt och frid. Vikten av att som närstående få bekräftelse från såväl den sjuke som från vården belyses, liksom vikten av att få stöd och hjälp från vården för att orka vara den starka som alltid finns där. Betydelsen av familj och vänner belyses också.Slutsats: Studien visar tydligt att vården måste bli bättre att i ett tidigt skede möta upp de närstående och även se deras behov.

Att vara anhörig när ens närstående blir svårt sjuk i cancer är en svår situation. Den anhörige är med, men också utanför. Anhöriga till patienter med cancer upplever ofta cancerdiagnosen som ett hårt slag mot dem själva, och är därför i behov av hjälp och stöd. Syftet med denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie var att belysa hur anhöriga till patienter med cancer beskriver behov och känslor i mötet med sjuksköterskan. Informationskällan utgörs av vetenskapliga artiklar från tidskrifter och vetenskapliga rapporter.

The aim of this qualitative study was to examine and understand how teachers see and handle the signs of child poverty within a classroom context. The paper is based on an interview study involving 8 teachers in 2 Swedish schools for children between the ages of 6 to 12 years old. Poverty is a complex word and there are many definitions of it. What do teachers interpret as signs of child poverty in the school context? How do they act when they think it?s necessary to protect a child from being affected by it, and how can we understand their choice of action with the help of action theory? We discovered that the teachers notice different things as signs of child poverty, and they all react in both different and similar ways.

Background: Prostate cancer is the fourth most common cancer disease in the world and affects mainly older men. While having prostate cancer the treatment can be both medical and surgical and both these treatments can give side effects like erectile dysfunction, lost libido and hot flushes. Sexuality among elderly is often associated with taboo, but sexuality exists among elderly and is important for their wellbeing and quality of life. It is common that nurses don?t address and discuss questions concerning sexuality with patients, even though they know that sexuality often is affected while having a disease or experiencing illness.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate on what basis a child is committed into care according to the law and to see on which grounds the decision about committed child care in law practice are taken when a child is committed to care due to parents who are mentally retarded. To better understand the juridical grounds for these decisions I will also in a short background describe the meaning of the term mentally retarded, how mental retardation and parenthood has changed over time and how different opinions are expressed in the law. Both people with mental retardation and children have in recent years gained their rights and sometimes these rights end up in conflict with one another. In those cases, what is in the best interest of the child, should be decisive. The children who have mentally retarded parents are at risk to not have their physical, psychological, emotional, social and intellectual needs met and are therefore being unfavourable developed.

Cancer är ett samlingsnamn för över 200 olika sjukdomar. Varje år drabbas ett av 600 barn i världen utav cancer. De vanligaste cancerformerna hos barn är leukemi och hjärntumörer. Det är ännu oklart varför barn får cancer, men forskning visar att bidragande faktorer kan vara ärftlighet, miljögifter och strålning. När ett barn drabbas av cancer är det inte bara barnet som ställs inför en förändrad livsvärld utan hela familjen påverkas.

AbstractIn this work, I have chosen to write about children in grief. Since children in grief is a large area, I have chosen to focus on how preschool handles and works with children who has loosed a parent, siblings or a play-mate by death. The aim of this work is to contribute knowledge about how you in preschool can handle and work with children in grief. To get answers to my questions, I have studied the current literature in the field. I have also interviewed five people with experience and knowledge of work with preschool-children affected by grief.

The purpose of this study was to examine how five mothers experience and cope with theloss of their adult children and also how this loss affect the mothers. We chose a qualitativemethod using semistructured interviews. We used Lazarus and Folkman?s coping theoryand Folkman?s revised coping theory in our analysis. The results showed that the mothers?experiences were very individual.

Patienter med cancer drabbas ofta av nutritionsproblem främst i form av minskat näringsintag. Det beror dels på sjukdomen i sig, men även på behandlingen mot cancer och dess biverkningar. Ungefär 30 - 85 % av patienterna utvecklar nutritionsproblem. Försämrat näringsintag kan leda till en svår form av utmärglig (cancerkakexi). Nutrition och nutritionsproblem påverkar patienterna och deras närstående, vilket kan ge konsekvenser för dem i det dagliga livet.

The focus of this thesis is on what is considered to be a suitable foster home. For the study to be carried out an application had to be made to get access to the foster home assessments in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden. With the support of attachment theory and theory of standards different categories have been picked out and analyzed in foster home assessements that have been approved. The conclusion to what is considered to be a suitable foster home is a complex issue, as there are many factors that are interacting. Social workers seem to focus on the importance of a family?s ability to provide some kind of stability and security for a child who is considered to be placed within their home.

The purpose of the study is to examine what effects the law has on principals? approaches to mandatory reporting of child maltreatment (Social Services Act 14:1§). Moreover, the aim is to study if the regulation gets the impact intended. To respond to the purpose, legal science methods in the form of sociology of law were employed aided by qualitative semi-structured research interviews. The interviews comprised six principals in six different schools in the Stockholm area.

The purpose of this essay was to determine whether signs as alternative and augmentative communication is one possible resource for children?s language development. Based on my research questions How educators perceive the importance of SAAC as possible resources to enhance children's communication?, For which children is SAAC used? and How does educators perceive child?s best in communicative interactions? have I interviewed six educators in two different kinds of municipalities with different kind of positions.In my background I lift the importance of communication for the human being, what happens to the children who doesn?t get stimulated to their language and child?s best. My literature has shown that children need to have an incentive to acquire a language and that SAAC is mainly created for children with special needs.

The WT1 gene is a complex gene originally known to suppress cancer in kidneys. Studies of WT1 knockout mice have confirmed the important role of WT1 in the pathogenesis of Wilms? tumour, a tumour which counts for 95% of all childhood renal tumours. In that case the WT1 gene acts as a tumour suppressor gene. Subsequent research has shown that the WT1 gene in many other cases acts as an oncogene, e g in leukemia or lung cancer (even though these cancer forms can emerge as a result of many other aetiological factors).

Globalt har cancersjukdomarna ökat de senaste åren. Bara i Sverige drabbas idag ungefär var tredje person av någon form av cancer under sin livstid. Därtill är cancer den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken i Sverige. Syftet med studien var att granska och sammanställa litteratur om patientens upplevelser av en cancerdiagnos och dess behandling. Databassökningen som gjordes i PubMed och PsycINFO resulterade i tio vetenskapliga artiklar som därefter genomgick en kvalitetsgranskning.

I hela världen drabbas mer än tio miljoner människor av cancer varje år. Incidensen för cancer är ökande och cirka var tredje person i Sverige drabbas av någon form av cancer under sin livstid. Varje år dör ungefär 20 000 personer i Sverige av cancer. Syftet med denna litteratur-studie var att undersöka faktorer som kan påverka patienters upplevelser av cytostatika- och strålbehandling samt av sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsroll kring behandlingen. Metoden var en litteraturstudie av 11 vetenskapliga artiklar granskade enligt Polit m fl (2001) kriterier för vetenskaplighet.