The purpose of this essay was to get some knowledge about how the situation was for children with overweight and obesity. I wanted to examine what experience about causes, consequences and measure the professionals, who meets children in different situations in their daily work had, and I wanted to find out which explanations current research had about the problem.The knowledge I have acquired during my work with this paper about the problem was that it was depending on many different factors on various stage in the child's life which influences and interacts with the child in its development. The risk that a child would develop overweight was amongst other things depending on the child's eating- and exercising habits.This habit was formatted for example by the circumstances in the family, availability of sweets/food and the choice of leisure time activities.The consequences for the overweight/obese children could be that the child did not manage to keep up with its friend's physical activities which led to a sense of rejection, risk of being bullied by friends, the risk of a damaged physical and psychic health. The problem was not easy to measure and all of the studies demonstrated that parental involvement is necessary in an effective treatment of childhood obesity..

The purpose of this study was to examine how the social services are applying the sections of the law concerning custody transfer within foster care. More specifically the aim was to find out what circumstances are underlying the social services decision to go through with a custody transfer within the foster care, and to find out which difficulties and possibilities the law offers when it comes to this process. The study was based on interviews with six respondents, within the social services, who have great experiences working with these issues. The study concluded that there are several factors which affects the decision whether to implement at custody transfer or not, and some of these are the child?s attachment, the child?s fundamental needs and consent from the involving parties in the case.

The focus of this essay is to further investigate and describe psychological strains experienced by child welfare workers. The method used was qualitative interviews, two group interviews. The research aimed to understand how child welfare workers were affected and handled the psychological strains generated by work through theory of coping and symbolic interactionism where humans are viewed as pragmatic actors. The research showed, as previous studies shown, that the child welfare workers experience a great deal of psychological strains generated by high turnover in staff and pressuring work demands. The child welfare workers felt inadequate and alone in their work tasks and experienced stress and anxiety.

Bakgrund: Cancer drabbar cirka 250-300 barn varje år. Föräldrar har fått en alltmer betydelsefull roll i omvårdnaden av sitt barn på sjukhus. Enligt tidigare forskning har föräldrars upplevelser av vården varit beroende av sjuksköterskors bemötande, deras intresse för barnet och tillgänglighet. Familjefokuserad omvårdnad inriktar sig på hela familjen och deras behov. Syfte: Att belysa föräldrars upplevelser av att ha ett barn som drabbats av cancer.

Inledning: Cancer är en ovanlig sjukdom hos barn och ungdomar och i Sverige drabbas cirka 300 styckenårligen. Prognosen har kraftigt förbättrats sedan 1970-talet, framförallt beroende på intensivarebehandlingsmetoder och större möjligheter att åtgärda och förebygga cytostatikans svåra biverkningar.Sjukhusvistelserna blir många och långa för barnen och ungdomarna. Förutom att deras vardagsliv med skolaoch kompisrelationer vänds upp och ned, påverkas hela familjens psykosociala tillvaro. Barnet/ungdomenbehöver sina föräldrar och syskon för att ta sig igenom en tuff cancerbehandling och viss vård, exempelvisantibiotika och intravenös näringstillförsel ges redan i hemmet för att underlätta för familjerna. Att ävenkunna erbjuda viss cytostatikabehandling och/eller understödjande behandling skulle vara ytterligare enmöjlighet för barnen och ungdomarna att få vara i sin normala miljö tillsammans med hela familjen ochövriga vänner.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga faktorer som är betydelsefulla inför att ge cytostatika i hemmet tillbarn och ungdomar med cancer.Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes av tretton vetenskapliga artiklar som valts ut efter systematisksökning i databaserna Pubmed och Chinal.Resultat: De faktorer som framkom genom litteraturstudien och har betydelse för patientsäkerhet ochvårdkvalitet inför en organisation av cytostatikaadministrering i hemmet delades in i fem kategorier:? Tydlig ansvarsfördelning? Kompetens hos vårdpersonal? Undervisning av föräldrar? Kriterier för urval av patient och familj? Föreskrifter för cytostatikahanteringDiskussion: Det finns en klinisk betydelse i att barnsjuksköterskan, i samråd med ansvarig barnonkolog,med vägledning av den familjefokuserade omvårdnaden samt de faktorer, ?Kompetens hos vårdpersonal?,?Undervisning av föräldrar?, ?Tydlig ansvarsfördelning?, ?Kriterier för urval av patient och familj? och?Föreskrifter för cytostatikahantering? som framkom i denna litteraturstudie kan verka för att möjliggöra förbarn och ungdomar att få viss cytostatikabehandling i sitt hem på ett säkert sätt..

Bakgrund : Idag uppskattas var tredje person få en cancerdiagnos under sin livstid. Cancer drabbar inte enbart den enskilda individen utan även de närstående. De närstående anses vara patienternas viktigaste stöd under sjukdomsprocessen och de har ett behov av att vara delaktiga i vården. Syfte : Att belysa forskning om upplevelsen av att vara närstående till en person med diagnosen cancer. Metod : En litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa studier. Resultat : Tre teman framkom vid dataanalysen. De närstående upplevde en förändrad vardag med nya roller och prioriteringar.

Varje år upptäcks 50 000 nya fall av cancer i Sverige, vilket innebär att drygt 100 personer insjuknar varje dag. Att få diagnosen cancer innebär ofta en chock för den drabbade. Det sociala stödet är av stor betydelse för hur krisen kommer att hanteras av patienten. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att kartlägga cancerpatienters upplevelser av att delta i olika former av stödgrupper och självhjälpsgrupper som kan ledas eller initieras av sjuksköterskan. Metoden är en litteraturstudie utförd på tio kvalitativa artiklar.

There are no reliable, objective and simple methods today for measuring pain in horses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and describe measuring of mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) values with a pressure algometer in clinically pain free riding horses at the riding school of Strömsholm. In this study there were 24 horses. Tape recording and electromyelografi (EMG) was used in an attempt to increase objectivity in the examination. MNT increased with age, however sex and colour had no influence.

Introduction : Structural cardiac malformations affects 0.8-1% of children born worldwide, in Sweden 800-1000 children per year. Most children with congenital heart disease and their families will have frequent and lifelong contact with highly specialized care. Awareness of the parents experience is crucial in order to improve the nursing care. These experiences will be illustrated using a theoretical model of family-based nursing. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe experiences of being a parent to a child with a congenital heart disease.

During my time as a student of education I have learnt that it is my responsibility, as a teacher, to adjust the ways in which I teach to the needs, abilities, experiences, and thoughts of each individual child. What I have not yet gained much knowledge on is how to go about finding the children?s thoughts.In this thesis I investigate the interview as a method of finding out how sixth graders think about their mathematics education. Four children were interviewed. In addition to these inter-views, as a means of giving a broader perspective to and a greater understanding of the chil-dren?s answers, one math lesson was filmed and the math teacher was interview on two sepa-rate occasions.What I found was that a number of factors seemed to influence the children?s thoughts and answers, and that their answers were most likely not always a mirror of their thoughts.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the established law and make researches into non-institutional compulsory care (?mellantvång?) paragraph 22 The Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (from now on called LVU) and examine whether the administration of the law is in harmony with the best interests of the child.This paper combines two methods : traditional judicial method and a social science method. In the juridical part the sources of law have been studied and in the social sciences part semi-structured interviews have been conducted with five respondents. The theoretical framework consists of ideas and theories about the best interests of the child, a concept which is one of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child's core principles.This study shows that the legislator has identified a problem and an existing need and found a solution to this by introducing a non-institutional compulsory care, paragraph 22 LVU. The problem is that Social Services do not make use of the restraint.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva de copingstrategier som föräldrar och syskon till barn med cancer använde för att hantera problem under vårdtiden, samt att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkade dessa copingstrategier. Litteratursökningen utfördes via databasen Elin@Dalarna och sökorden som användes var childhood cancer, paediatric cancer, cancer, parents, siblings, coping, och coping strategies. Inklusions-kriterierna var att artiklarna skulle vara publicerade 1999 eller senare, skrivna på engelska och finnas i fulltext på databasen. Sökningen resulterade i 20 artiklar som ansågs vara relevanta för arbetets syfte. En granskning av artiklarna gjordes och betygen G, VG, MVG och IG delades ut.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate how the Child mental Health Service, BUP Ektorp, textually constructs its demarcation, by studying case records from the first evaluations of the patients. The main questions were: In what way are the competitors and their problems represented in the texts, how is the solution justified and explained, and how do these factors relate to each other? The method being used is discourse analysis, influenced by Mörkenstam. The main conclusions are that the demarcation consists of a number of onceptions about the child, the parents, and the therapist. The conceptions, together with the way the problem is being described, justifies the proposed solution, proclaiming termination of the case..

Lack of political interest and will to deal with human rights violations carried out under the civil- military dictatorship, has characterized the transition and post-transition in Uruguay. The systematic use of torture, arbitrary imprisonments and forced disappearances in the relatively small country created a culture of fear that has been present through out the post-transition phase. Human rights groups have been central actors in the fight for truth and justice and against impunity. This study analyzes how these groups multiple democracy-building functions have contributed to democratic development. It also analyses how the democracy-building functions have been constrained by the political context.

The aim of this study is to investigate how it is possible that tourists who are not actively seeking child prostitutes still account for the majority of child sex tourists. The study includes tourists, locals, people working in the sex industry and staff from Swedish embassy and ECPAT international in Bangkok. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and an ethnographic method, using field observations and interviews to collect the empirical data. The data has then been categorized in to different themes and analyzed using previous research on the subject. Hirschis theory of social bonds was then used to further interpret the results.The results of this study show that the tourists in Thailand, who are not seeking out child prostitutes, will most likely come in contact with them anyway.