The aim of this study is to examine the services offered by the public libraries in the context of distance learning students. I wanted to examine if there has been any discussion among the public libraries on how the new needs and demands affect them. To get a premonition on the development in Sweden I have focused on the public libraries in the province of Blekinge, which in many ways can be looked upon as precursors. Interviews have taken place with the distance learning students contacts at the local public libraries, the responsible librarian and a distance learning organiser at the local university college, the county library consultant and one of the chief librarians. I have reached the conclusion that no thorough discussion on the far-reaching aspects has taken place.

Titel: Individuellt pensionssparande - Där förväntad avkastning inte kan förutspås Datum för seminarium: 1:a februari 2007 Ämne/Kurs. Finansiell ekonomi, kandidatuppsats 10p Författare: Charlotte Engqvist och Carolin Hellström Handledare: Hossein Asgharian, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Ekonomihögskolan Lund Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka värdeutvecklingen hos ett antal portföljer som ärkonstruerade enligt bankernas rekommendationer för det individuella pensionssparandet. Vikten läggs på att med Value at Risk ta reda på ett möjligt sämsta utfall som är ett resultat av placering i olika risknivåer. Metod: Vi har för var och en av de tre utvalda bankerna utfört en simulering baserad utifrånderas rekommendationer. Hänsyn har tagits till individers olika riskbenägenhet samt en begränsad tidshorisont.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the development of libraries on Tjörn, an island on the Swedish west coast. I have divided the thesis in two parts, one in which I will describe the libraries development between the years 1873 to 1952 in the municipality of Stenkyrka and one in which I will describe the libraries development between the years 1976 and 1985 in the municipality of Tjörn. The study is mainly based on written materials and a theoretic model will also be used in which I apply three factors, society, the libraries economy and individual actors on the library activity. The libraries in Stenkyrka during the early period were dependent of public grant from the state for their survival and the libraries were undeveloped. The society around them was poor and hardly any money or assistants came from the municipality.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en förståelse för hur officerare inom den Svenska Försvarsmakten upplever sin yrkesidentitet. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ studie där vi har använt oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Vi har intervjuat sex manliga officerare som studerar till överstelöjtnanter på Försvarshögskolan. Samtliga informanter valdes ut med hjälp av snöbollsurval och en av intervjuerna bestod av en pilotintervju. Vi har använt oss av Goffmans rollteori som teoretiskt ramverk, där Goffman använder sig av teatern som en metafor för att beskriva hur individer ständigt spelar olika roller.

Trycksår orsakar lidande för patienter och höga kostnader för sjukvården. För att förhindra uppkomst av trycksår är det viktigt att identifiera patienter med ökad risk för trycksår samt att aktivt arbeta med preventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder. Ett strukturerat arbetssätt kan göras utifrån kvalitetsregistret Senior Alerts rekommendationer. Senior Alert är inriktat på förebyggande vård av äldre över 65 år och i registret registreras bland annat risk för trycksår, planerade åtgärder samt sjuksköterskans utvärdering av de insatta åtgärderna. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga täckningsgrad, utförda riskbedömningar och planerade åtgärder avseende risk för trycksår i kvalitetsregistret Senior Alert.

The beta value is frequently described in theory and is a well known factor to quantify the systematic risk in shares through the CAPM model. Initially, this study describes the advantages and difficulties with the estimating process and the problematic nature of the assumptions and descisons included in published beta values.An alternative method, Bottom-up beta, to estimate the beta value that probably has not been tested under Swedish circumstances is applied. The problems and decisions that have to be made to derive an alternative value are studied in detail through six separate steps. I have chosen nine companies at the Stockholm Stock Exchange where this method is used. The result showed that the systematic risk were higher at five shares and lower at four, compared to the published values.Finally there is a discussion about the practise, usefulness and opinions concerning how to estimate and interpret the beta value to determine the expected return..

Syfte: Projektet, som vi studerat, har genomförts i en bransch, där uppfattningen råder att osäkerheten i omgivningen är stor och att risker ses som ett frekvent inslag. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska huruvida ett projekt under dessa premisser tvingar fram ett systematiskt användande av Project Risk Management eller om man använder sig av en annorlunda strategi för att hantera risk- och osäkerheter. Vår avsikt är även att se till de orsaker som ligger bakom handlandet och hur projektgruppens arbetssätt har fungerat. Metod: Vi har utgått från det hermeneutiska synsättet, där vi genom kvalitativa intervjuer tagit del av ett promotionprojekt vid en artistlansering. Promotionprojektet avser ett debutband på ett independentskivbolag.

This work consists of a survey and risk classification of eleven metal industries including foundries, finishers and engineering industries in two industrial areas in Mora. The study follows a method called MIFO (Method of Surveying Contaminated Sites) composed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. In the method assessments of the degree of hazard posed by the pollutants, the level of pollution, the conditions of dispersal, sensitivity and the degree to which the area is worthy to protect are made for each contaminated site (object). The assessment classify the objects into four risk classes in which risk class 1 denotes a very large risk, 2 large risk, 3 moderate risk and risk class 4 little risk. The work of surveying using MIFO is divided into two phases.

This is a literature study in which I investigate if there are scientific studies that form the basis of the Swedish dog world views concerning the spaying of bitches. The positive impacts are said to be reduced problems with pseudopregnancy, reduced risk of pyometra, reduced risk of mammary and uterine tumors, an earlier cease of bone growth, a more active and happier dog and a bitch who is more tolerant of other dogs. The negative consequences are said to be urinary incontinence, increased aggressiveness, lower metabolism and the increased risk of obesity, a more lethargic individual and altered coat.There are studies indicating that spaying reduces behavioral problems associated with heat and pseudopregnancy. Assuming no ovary tissue persists after the procedure, and there is no progesterone production, the risk of pyometra decreases. Early spaying, before the first heat, reduces the risk of mammary tumors.

Mental illness is today the leading cause of long-term sick leave and insomnia, anxiety, depression and burnout are among the most common conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the stability of these conditions and how this is influenced by gender and age, as well as the extent to which these states are risk factors for each other. The participants were a random sample (n = 2336) from the general population in the age of 18-79 years. The results showed that stable illness was more common among women than men, and that stable illness decreased with aging. The stability itself was not affected by gender or age. Relations between the conditions were bidirectional and they constitute major risk factors for each other (odds ratios, OK = 2.37 to 6.46). The largest risk factor for a condition is, however, previous occurrence of the same problem. Previous burnout was found to be a significantly larger risk factor for future burnout than previous insomnia for future insomnia (OK = 9.63 and 5.74, respectively). The results suggest that insomnia, anxiety, depression and burnout, despite their differences, are similar regarding symptoms and underlying causes. The importance of early interventions to prevent comorbid conditions which are more complicated and more difficult to treat is emphasized..

Managing credit risk might be the single most important business area for any commercial bank. The assessment of "good" and "bad" corporate clients is a important task for a creditor. A bad debtor is a corporate client with hardships in meeting the continous claims (interest payments) that a creditor requires. One way of evaluating or separating a "bad" client from a "good" client is to assess the propensity for the client to file for bankruptcy. This thesis examines 226 firms in the Swedsh market in the quest of predicting corporate bankruptcy.

Our aim with this study has been to show the central factors that we consider have had animpact on public libraries in the "information society". We have studied two communities in the south of Sweden, Ronneby and Sölvesborg. These two communities have both started a development to the IT society, a society where information plays a great role, where the technique is the tool that supplies information.Ronneby community had early the aim to be the chief Swedish information center. A priority on information technology has therefore been obvious for them. Sölvesborg community has had another method and time schedule towards the IT society.We have been studying the documentation of aim and the strategy for IT development in different levels.

The purpose of my study is to investigate whether luck egalitarianism can be savedfrom its inability to draw a line between risks which can reasonably be expected to beavoided, and risk which can not. Such a demarcation is of particular importance forthis influential theory of distributive justice, since it serves to judge whether a personis entitled to compensation for a bad outcome of a taken risk, or not. Testing theintuitiveness and coherence of various contending principles for how to separateavoidable risks from unavoidable ones, I conclude that luck egalitarianism seemsunable to draw a clear line between the two kinds of risks. Instead the theory appearsto be dependent on conceptions of a 'normal life', making it remarkably vague.Furthermore, I argue that luck egalitarianism seems unable to manage without takingsufficientarian and utilitarian concerns into account, for the purpose of decidingwhich risks are avoidable, and which are not..

Value-at-Risk (VaR) is among financial institutions a commonly used tool for measuring market risk. Several methods to calculate VaR exists and different implementations often results in different VaR forecasts. An interesting implementation is historical simulation, and the purpose of this thesis is to examine whether historical simulation with dynamic volatility updating is useful as a model to calculate VaR and how this differs in regard to type of asset or instrument. To carry out the investigation six different models are implemented, which then are tested for statistical accuracy through Christoffersens test. We find that incorporation of volatility updating into the historical simulation method in many cases improves the model.

.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka sambandet mellan Morningstars rating och framtida avkastning, samt om detta skiljer sig åt i olika börsklimat.Metod: Undersökningen bygger på en kvantitativ metod då vi har samlat in sekundärdata från dagstidningar och Internet. Den insamlade sekundärdatan kommer att ligga till grund för empirin då vi testar sambanden mellan variablerna rating och avkastning, risk och avkastning samt rating och risk. Teoretiska perspektiv: Uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt är den effektiva marknadshypotesen och kapitalmarknadslinjen. Teorin grundas även på tidigare studier av bland annat Morey (2003). Empiri: Med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS undersöker vi korrelationen mellan variablerna rating och avkastning, risk och avkastning samt rating och risk.