The bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri, which natural habitat is in the intestine of mammals and birds, uses glycerol as a substrate for production of the antimicrobial compound reuterin. Glycerol has been shown to decrease the number of Escherichia coli in human feces and it is believed to be due to in situ production of reuterin. E. coli belongs to the large family of Enterobacteriaceae, naturally occurring in the intestine, and pathogenic strains of E. coli have been shown to be one of several bacteria causing diarrhoea in calves.

Avdelningen för strömningslära vid Luleå Tekniska Universitet har en vindtunnel som främst används till utbildning i aerodynamik för studenter. I skrivandets stund finns bara en vinge (osvept) som tillåter att 3? dimensionella effekter kan studeras och jämföras med en vinge som har 2? dimensionell strömning av samma sorts vingprofil. Resterande vingar har bara 2?dimensionella egenskaper eftersom deras spann sträcker sig från vägg till vägg i vindtunnelns testsektion.

Hydropericardium or pericardial effusion (PE) is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac and is often secondary to pericardial diseases or diseases related to the heart. It is unusual with clinically relevant pericardial diseases in cats but pericardial effusion is the most common one. Since PE causes serious symptoms and may lead to death it is important with a quick diagnosis and treatment. PE can be acute and cause cardiac tamponade, which gives severe clinical signs. Cardiac tamponade needs to be treated immediately or else the cat will die from cardiogenic chock. More common is chronic PE where the fluid accumulates during a longer period of time and the pericardial sac stretches.

Magnesium is one of the most important minerals in the body and it participates in many essential processes, such as energy metabolism and protein synthezis. Magnesium deficiency in cattle may occur when they are let out for pasture in the spring, and is associated with tetany, known as grass staggers. A high yielding dairy cow often loses more magnesium daily in the milk than she has available in the body, and magnesium thereby needs to be provided in the feed to prevent the cow from being affected by deficiency symptoms. The uptake of magnesium is mainly located to the rumen and is not regulated by hormones. The surplus is excreted in the urine by the kidneys.

Hydropericardium or pericardial effusion (PE) is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac and is often secondary to pericardial diseases or diseases related to the heart. It is unusual with clinically relevant pericardial diseases in cats but pericardial effusion is the most common one. Since PE causes serious symptoms and may lead to death it is important with a quick diagnosis and treatment. PE can be acute and cause cardiac tamponade, which gives severe clinical signs. Cardiac tamponade needs to be treated immediately or else the cat will die from cardiogenic chock. More common is chronic PE where the fluid accumulates during a longer period of time and the pericardial sac stretches.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Coconut water as a rehydration fluid. - Can coconut water be recommended as a better choice than water or sports drink after moderately intense training?Author: My Green, Joakim LundSupervisor: Henriette PhilipsonExaminer: Frode SlindeProgram: Dietician study program, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 26th, 2014Background: Already in the 1960s an alternative to water as a rehydration fluid occurred, the so-called sports drink. Coconut water has in recent years been claimed as the "natural sports drink" in media. Coconut water is sold in shops and fitness centers around the world and has established itself as an alternative to water and sports drink in terms of rehydration after a workout.Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to recommend coconut water as a rehydration drink after moderately intense exercise ahead of water or sports drink.Search strategy: The search for articles in this systematic review was performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and GUPEA.

Detta kandidatarbete i geologi underso?ker berggrunden pa? Uto?s nordo?stra udde i Stockholms ska?rga?rd, med ma?let att faststa?lla metamorfa tryck-, temperatur- och fluid-XCO2-fo?rha?llanden. Uto?s berggrund metamorfoserades ca 1,87-1,78 Ga na?r en o?ba?ge kolliderade med den arkeiska kratonen. Tidigare deponerade karbonater, vulkaniter och gra?vackor blev metamorfoserade i samband med kollision och senare exstensionell kollaps.

Latent heat storage is a way to store thermal energy when a phase change material undergoes a phase change. The advantage of latent heat storage is the capability to store more energy per mass unit than other heat storage methods. The most commonly used phase change in latent heat storage is the transition between solid and liquid. Phase change materials can be divided into organics, inorganics and eutectics.In the Nordic electricity market the price of electricity is set every hour by Nordpool spot, which leads to price fluctuations because of changes in demand. The main goal of this report is to create a latent heat storage system in a single-family home and investigate the possibility to save money by charging the latent heat storage system when the price of electricity is low, and discharge when the price is high.The thermodynamic model consisted of a ?tube-in-tube? heat exchanger with phase change material in the outer tube and water as the heat transfer fluid in the inner tube.

Simuleringen av vätskor är idag en viktig del inom både film-, spel- och reklamindustrin. Detta kräver dock mycket av hårdvaran vilket saktar ner processen att rendera markant. I detta projekt forskades det inom optimering av renderingstekniker för att göra det lättare att rendera fram kvalitativa resultat när man använder sig av fluids i program för 3D-grafik. Arbetet innehåller en undersökning där testpersoner bedömt ett antal renderingar samt de optimerade inställningar som används till rendering.

AbstractWith increasing population and increasing demands for comfort and thus an increase in energy demand, it is necessary to examine various energy-efficiency measures. This work deals with the ability to control the flow through the heating system to achieve the desired comfort with as little energy as possibleA heating system contains of different parts, roughly speaking, you can divide it to three main components: Heat source, Distribution and Heat emitters. All components are working together to bring heat to the building. What is examined in this report are different ways of adjusting the flow and supply temperature and how it affects comfort and energy use in a building.At today ?s date the conventional method is to use a high flow through the heating system, which affects pressure drop and cooling of the fluid.

The canine population has during it?s time with humans gone through at least 2 major genetic bottlenecks, the first when it was separated from the wolf, and the second when it was divided into different breeds. Among other things, this has lead to the accumulation of unwanted genes, such as genes causing disease in dogs. One such inherited disease is syringomyelia, which has proven to be more common than expected, especially in certain smaller breeds such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Syringomyelia in dogs is often a secondary condition caused by the malformation called occipital hypoplasia.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på uppdrag av Emhart Glass Sweden AB i Sundsvall under vintern 2006/2007. Emhart Glass är en världsledande leverantör av utrustning, kontrollsystem och reservdelar för glasförpackningsindustrin, och företagets produkter har etablerats som världsstandard. Glasförpackningarna har en temperatur på 500-600 grader Celsius när de har formats. De hålls därför över en perforerad platta, kallad deadplate, för att kyla glasförpackningarnas bottnar så att deformation undviks när de sedan transporteras vidare för efterbehandling. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utföra simuleringar av kylluftdistributionen för hålbilden i deadplate med hjälp av CFD ? Computational Fluid Dynamics.

Shock absorber units play a key role in establishing the driving dynamics and performance of automobiles. Öhlins Racing has manufactured high-tech automotive shock absorbers for over 30 years. Öhlins Racing?s advanced technology has contributed to over 200 world championships in automobile racing. Öhlin?s manufacturing process has long utilized automated fluid filling equipment during the final shock absorber unit assembly stage. The filling process consists of vacuum pumping the shock absorber unit and subsequent transfer of fluid. Vacuum pumping is necessary to remove residual air from the shock absorber unit prior to initiating the liquid filling stage. The presence of undesirable gases drastically compromises the performance of a shock absorber. The filling degree, defined as the final ratio of air to oil, is determined by the specific filling protocol as well as the specific equipment utilized.The current investigation aims to develop a viable technique to accurately determine residual air content in shock absorber units. If the filling degree can be appropriately quantified for a specific manufacturing process, then the air/oil ratio may be quantitatively related to shock absorber performance. The utilized measurement method must be completely integrated into the manufacturing process to guarantee shock absorber performance specifications according to the manufacturer?s standards. By utilizing the measurement method developed in this work, the manufacturing process, manufacturing equipment and product specifications can all be tailored to provide improved filling conditions.The developed measurement method provides accurate quantification of the filling degree under a wide range of processing conditions. The method establishes the relative quantity of air in the shock absorber unit by performing in-situ compressibility tests. The fill ratio can be controlled and varied by manipulating the vacuum pressure exerted during the filling process. Performance tests, however, indicate no correlation between filling degree and unit performance..

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a respiratory disorder that most commonly affects young horses performing at a high level. The clinical signs are often mild but the disorder can cause a marked decrease in performance to a point where the horse has to be taken of training and competing. The aetiology underlying IAD is not yet fully understood. One current theory is that a type I-hypersensitivity reaction due to allergens in the environment is the cause in some horses. The most reliable diagnostic method is a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) since it reflects the inflammatory status in the most distal parts of the lungs, which are affected in IAD.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på Institutionen för Konstruktions- och Produktionsteknik, avdelningen för Fluid och Mekanisk Systemteknik vid Linköpings Universitet, på uppdrag av CA-Verken AB i Sävsjö.Arbetet är ett första steg i utvecklingen av en ny typ av hydraulcylinder med inbyggd tillståndsövervakning. Arbetet har bestått av en teoretisk studie kring system- och hälsoövervakning av hydraulcylindrar samt konstruktion av en demonstrator, en testrigg, för att testa och verifiera slutsatserna från den teoretiska studien. Studien och demonstratorn har resulterat i ett flertal förslag till hur en framtida produkt skall utformas..