The search for antibiotic compounds from the natural environment has been going on for seven decades, ever since penicillin entered the market and antibiotic treatments became routine. The evolutionary pressure put on the pathogenic microorganisms induced a rapid spreading of naturally occurring resistance genes, leaving only the option of finding new antibiotics to treat the resistant pathogens. Microorganisms have been extensively mined for their biosynthetic abilities to produce biologically active compounds. To date, more than 23 000 microbial natural products have been discovered. The Actinomycetales are ubiquitous bacteria that have been used for antibiotic discovery for more than half a century, and over 10 000 natural products have been identified from the order.

The Egyptian religion viewed the whole world as divine and inhabited by both gods and men. Concepts such as death was therefore explained through myths. The ancient society feared death but desired an eternal life. The Egyptians saw death as a physical dismemberment of the body as had happened in the myth of Osiris when death was first introduced to the world. Osiris functioned as a prototype for all men as he had overcome death by finding a new existence in the netherworld.

Syftet med denna rapport är att visa hur en ökning av isolertjockleken i ett hus påverkar kostnader och energiåtgång för isoleringen i ett livscykelperspektiv, samt för husets bruksskede. I studien har en optimering av isoleringen på ett pågående byggprojekt i Växjö, kv Limnologen, utförts. Total energiåtgång för isoleringens livscykel har tagits fram från tidigare utförda livscykelanalyser (LCA). Husets värmebehov har beräknats mha information från ritningar och kontakter med personer i anknytning till kv Limnologen. En ekvation har utformats för att finna ett teoretiskt optimum för isolertjockleken med inriktning mot total energiåtgång, koldioxidutsläpp och ekonomi.

This study forms part of the R&D project "Improved survival of bird chicks in organic fields" managed by the Rural Economy & Agricultural society in Uppsala. The skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a species that has decreased drastically in Sweden as a consequence of more intensive cropping. Studies in England have shown that skylark reproduction can be greatly improved within conventional fields, at a low cost, by establishing patches of bare ground (skylark plots). Within conventional farming, herbicides can be used in case a weed problem arises due to implementation of these skylark plots, whereas this is not allowed in organic farming. This study examined the effects of skylark plots on the weed culture in organic autumn-sown (winter) cereals and whether weeds might cause long-term problems to farmers. The study was conducted in two parts; a field study and a review of the literature regarding the weeds observed. The field study was carried out in 2007 during three weeks in June and three weeks in July, on eleven organic fields with winter cereal in the vicinity of Uppsala.

Bakgrund: Meticillinresistenta Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ökar drastiskt inom sjukvården både i Sverige och i hela världen. Bakterien sprids vanligast från patient till patient via vårdpersonal då restriktioner om basala hygienrutiner inte följs. Att bli smittad med MRSA kan leda till svåra konsekvenser för patienter i form av infektioner i operationssår, i implanterade proteser, på hjärtklaffar, i lungorna och på hjärnhinnor. Patienter med MRSA vårdas i isolering för att förebygga att MRSA sprids vidare, vilket kan orsaka lidande hos patienter. Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva patienters upplevelser av MRSA-vård. Metod: Nio vetenskapliga kvalitativa artiklar ligger till grund för denna litteraturöversikt. Artiklarna har analyserats och sammanställts och nya teman uppkom efter de likheter som framkom i deras resultatdelar. Resultat: Resultatet visar att vårdandet förändrades efter MRSA-diagnos.

People in Sweden have more and more dogs in their care, and several of these dogs are kept in kennels in back yards for various reasons. According to Swedish animal welfare legislations the need for social contact for dogs has to be met. However, there are few details presented on how to meet the need and when it can be considered satisfied. Does the dog need human contact to fulfill the need, or is the company of other dogs enough? This study aims to specify what can be acceptable when it comes to fulfilling dogs? social needs in accordance with the Swedish animal welfare legislation.

By using pollen analysis, 14C-dating and historical sources, I studied the history of vegetation and land use at an abandoned forest settlement near the Lade summer farms in the parish of Mora, Dalama. The aim of this paper is to investigate the agricultural establishment and development, the effects of this on forest vegetation, and the origin and development of summer farming. The analysis of pollen in a peat core revealed that a settlement was established at Lade around 1000 AD. Cereal cultivation, hay-making on the mire and extensive forest grazing were intro-duced as a complete agricultural system. Pollen analysis and the presence of ancient fields suggests that cultivation took place on permanent fields. Barley was the main crop, but rye and hops/hemp were also grown at the settlement.

SAMMANFATTNINGSyfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur närstående till skyddsisolerade patienter på en hematologiavdelning vid ett sjukhus i Mellansverige upplevde vårdtiden och bemötandet från vårdpersonalen under vistelsen på sjukhuset.Metod: Studien är en empirisk studie med kvalitativ design. Deltagarna bestod av fem närstående till skyddsisolerade patienter som valdes ut genom bekvämlighetsurval. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och innehållsanalys.Resultat: Två teman har identifierats ?Den närstående trygghet är kopplat till hur patienten mår och behandlas.? och ?Närstående förminskar sin egen betydelse i vårdsituationen?. Under dessa två teman utkristalliserade sig fyra kategorier ?Trygghetskänsla?, ?Förlorad kontroll?, ?Att vara närvarande? och ?Copingstrategier.

Bakgrund: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) är en kronisk sjukdom som successivt försämrar det mänskliga immunförsvaret. Det finns medicinsk behandling som leder till ökad livslängd. Detta innebär att antalet personer med HIV kommer att öka och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kommer att kunna möta dessa personer inom flera vårdkontexter än enbart i HIV-specifika sammanhang. HIV har varit en uppmärksammad sjukdom sedan 1980-talet och den diskriminering och stigmatisering som sjukdomen mötte då finns kvar idag, trots nationella och globala lagar och riktlinjer.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva hur personer med HIV upplever hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens bemötande.Metod: Metoden för denna litteraturöversikt inkluderar tio vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Av dessa var två kvantitativa och åtta kvalitativa.

The development within the textile industry is always ongoing with development of new andbetter textiles, which often mean the use of non-natural materials like polyester. This doesn?t lineup with the work shared around the world against an improved environment, so the idea came touse a form of linen fibers instead of polyester as the reinforcing material together with cotton.The idea was to use flax, linen of low quality, which is seen as a waste product and garbage inthe production of high quality linen and flax seed oil. This flax of low quality needs to beseparated before it can be used in cotton spinning machines. Fireball 2 is just that, a process toseparate flax fibers through the treatment of a technique called electrohydraulic discharge.The thesis works goal is to evaluate the Fireball 2 process ability to separate flax fiber.

Forming teacher teams is currently the standard way of organizing teachers in Swedish Compulsory Schools. This is the result of a process that started in the 1970s.Traditionally the culture of teaching has been one of isolation. Once the door to the classroom is shut, what happens behind the door is up to the teacher to decide. Over the past thirty years a lot of time has been dedicated to making fundamental changes in the way teachers interact with their colleagues. Today the idea of teachers forming teams is generally accepted but still the core of a Swedish teacher?s job is that of a lone worker.

The investigation was initiated because of the high workload of the sellers and, additionally, because the Tunadal sawmill has received low ratings in customer surveys. Thus,  two main approaches are adopted here,  the first being to investigate which of the three methods  of working, namely, market divided flow organization, function organizationand flow organization with collaboration, proves to be the most beneficial. The second is to investigate whether there is an available method to ease the daily work. A literature review has been made in order to determine more efficient ways for the sellers to work in the Tunadal sawmill. During the investigation, an in-depth investigation into the total quality management using a balanced scorecard as a management tool was conducted.

In this study I have brought up what pupils within vocational training, with focus on upper-secondary school have apprehended about the course ?Projektarbete 100 p? (Project job 100 point). In my analysis I interviewed twelve pupils from upper-secondary school who had 20 % or more truancy during their three years of studying in upper-secondary school and achieved a result to these pupils had problems with absenteeism then primary school. The pupils agreed about the school?s existence but they need schools of practical type.

In Peter Weiss debut Fra?n o? till o? (1947) the ?I? travels from island to island as a castaway. The island here can signify, or work as a synecdoche for exile and the feeling of isolation that exile often induces. But the movement from island to island also implies a restless state: Peter Weiss shifting from painting to writing to filmmaking and theatre, from German to Swedish and then back to German. The years during exile and the years that followed the exile until his breakthrough in Germany with Schatten des ko?rpers des Ku?tchens (1960), Abschied von den Eltern (1961) and Fluchtpunkt (1962), were the formative years of Peter Weiss authorship.

Bakgrund: Sexualitet innefattar en människas behov av intima och emotionella relationer och sexuell njutning. Ämnet är känsligt att tala om men för de flesta personer uppfattas sexualiteten som en värdefull del av livet. En stomi har visat sig kunna leda till minskad sexuell lust och en känsla av att vara oattraktiv. Personer med stomi ansåg det vara viktigt att tala med en sjuksköterska om sin sexualitet men att de var missnöjda med möjligheten att tala om detta inom vården.Syfte: Syftet med denna översiktsstudie är att beskriva hur en persons sexualitet påverkas av att erhålla en stomi.Metod: Översiktsstudie baserad på sju vetenskapliga artiklar varav fyra är kvalitativa och tre är kvantitativa. Artiklarna har sökts fram genom såväl databassökning med relevanta sökord samt med manuell sekundärsökning med utgångspunkt i funna artiklars referenslistor.