The paper, with a brief summary of timber floating in Sweden and also of some previous re-search in this field, contains a study on costs for timber-floating in the river Dalälven located in central Sweden. The public used timber-floating system in Dalälven and the historical background about this activity is described. The study is focused on the total costs for timber-floating in the public open floating system in Dalälven from 1900 to 1970, the year before the timber-floating was definitively closed down. Also the costs for separating the logs of a specific owner when they reached the point where they could be separated from the timber of other owners are analyzed..

Instansordningsprincipen har central betydelse i förvaltningsprocessen. Dess närmare innebörd och tillämpning har dock sällan diskuterats. Därför görs en bred tolkning av principen och dess syften och funktioner utreds. Uppsatsen behandlar vidare hur instansordningsprincipen ska tillämpas vid ändrad processram, rättegångsfel och situationer där något aktualiseras i överinstansen som underinstansen inte ansett sig behöva ta ställning till. Även instansordningsprincipens betydelse för själva domstolsavgörandet behandlas.

The title of this project: "Istället för träd" translates as "Instead of trees" or "Replacing trees". By looking at different ways of replacing trees in the urban environment through functionality analysis, I study the creative process. To achieve this, I present eleven different ideas, and follow and analyse the process of sketching. One conclusion about the creative process is that it is a non-linear chain of events influenced by factors like method, external impressions and chance. A complete design, "Trasmattan" ("The rag") is presented. It consists of a colourful striped carpet made from rubber surfacing covering part of the sidewalks of the central street "Dragarbrunnsgatan" in Uppsala, Sweden. .

This paper is an analysis of the novel Season of Migration to The North by Tayeb Salih. Season of Migration to The North was first published in 1967 and it is the most accomplished among several works in modern Arabic literature.I shall focus on one of the two major characters, Mustafa Said, a young Sudanese student whose brilliant career at school in Sudan and Cairo eventually brings him to England; he has a successful academic career in England as a lecturer at the University of London.One of the major themes of the novel is the confrontation between Mustafa Said and England, which in other terms is described as the confrontation between East and West. The conflict is rooted in colonialism. Mustafa Said?s native country, Sudan, was a British colony when the story takes place.

Regissörer delar konstnärskap med ledarskap och har en central plats i teaterns verksamhet. Studien syftade till att undersöka hur regissörers ledarskap bedöms av dem själva och deras närmaste medarbetare i produktionsprocessen. Som mätinstrument användes Försvarshögskolans ULL-enkäter för självskattning och bedömning och svaren jämfördes med hjälp av oberoende t-test. Resultatet visade att regissörer, speciellt de manliga, har en tendens att överskatta sina ledarskapskompetenser. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan regissörers självskattning och deras bedömares för variabler som handlade om beslutsfattande, eftersträva överenskommelser, struktur, delaktighet och kreativitet.

Two field experiments were conducted in central Sweden in order to: 1) Determine a relationship between the number of approaching pine weevils (Hylobius sp.) and the number of attacks by pine weevils, in relation to the size of seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). 2) Determine if application of methyljasmonate (MJ) on seedlings of Scots pine will result in higher resistance towards attacks by pine weevils and/or have any effect on the number of approaching pine weevils. The field experiments were designed with two separate parts in close vicinity on the same clear cuttings: a) pitfall traps placed in patches of scarified soil that caught approaching pine weevils at 2.5 cm from the bait, which consisted of different sized seedlings of Scots pine some of which were subjected to application of MJ and b) the same type of seedlings planted out in patches of scarified soil. The first field experiment was conducted on a 1-year old clear cutting outside Uppsala in east central Sweden and the trapping part of the experiment consisted of 8 blocks with 6 treatments: 1) control, 2) small over-wintered seedling, 3) medium sized seedling, 4) medium sized seedling treated with 0.5 ml 100 mmol MJ 4 days prior to start of experiment, 5) large seedling, 6) vial with 9.5 ml of ?-pinene. The trapping experiment lasted for 6 weeks in the early summer.

The study has shown that retailers in the mid-price segment differentiate their brand through developing a strong company identity around the brand. The personality involves store atmosphere, merchandise and advertising. Larger companies have chosen to lay the responsibility on management level, which facilitates on store level. By controlling the strategies on a central level the company can make sure that the stores are steered in the direction that the company wants them to be steered in, and also that they follow the positioning-concept. The company can also devote its efforts to working with its core value, which is service.

Ofrivillig barnlöshet är ett stort problem i Sverige idag och av kvinnor i barnafödande ålder är ca 1 av 10 drabbade. De flesta som lider av infertilitet använder sig av medicinsk hjälp som förstahandsmetod. Misslyckas man med den medicinska hjälpen går vissa par vidare med adoption direkt medan andra ser detta som en sista utväg. Adoptionsprocessen, som den oftast beskrivs i media, är en arbetsam process och upplevelsen av väntan är central. Tidigare forskning kring adoption fokuserar mest på adoptivbarns upplevelse.

Arbetet beskriver arbetsgången från identifierat behov av hjälpmedel i undervisningen i matematik A till ett färdigt pedagogiskt hjälpmedel. Begreppsutveckling har en central roll i styrdokumenten och skolan. För att alla elever ska få likvärdiga förutsättningar att utvecklas i skolan bör undervisningen utformas så att den passar varje elevs sätt att lära sig. Genom att använda en mångfald av presentationsformer och arbetsformer kan man som lärare skapa goda förutsättningar för alla elever oavsett lärstil. Utifrån erfarenhetspedagogiken och lärstilsteorin utformas och konstrueras en artefakt som ska kunna användas i avsikten att bidra till en mångfacetterad undervisning..

The Employment Protection Act (1982:80; LAS) is one of the cornerstones of the labour law that regulates the relationship between employer and employee. The central rule as stated in 4 § LAS is valid for an indefinite term. LAS is a semi-optional law in accordance with 2 § LAS which facilitates deviation from the central rule.Temporary employment is dealt with in 5 and 6 §§ LAS, regulations and collective bargaining agreements. The purpose of the legislative change on July 12007 was to simplify the use of temporary employment and to make the law more predictable and easier to interpret. The previous law was unnecessarily difficult for the employer to know when to put into practice.

Föreliggande arbete är en redovisning av en attitydundersökning som gjordes 2010, gällande gymnasieelevers uppfattning om i vilken grad de nationella proven är rättvisa. Studien visade att eleverna överlag var positiva till proven både gällande det proven mätte samt bedömningen av proven. Vissa oregelbundenheter som bröt mönstret kunde dock påvisas. Slutsatsen blev att elevernas upplevelse av rättvisegraden är viktig för provens existensberättigande samt att central, från lärare och elever distanserad, rättning och bedömning av proven är eftersträvansvärd..

Archbishop KG Hammar has attracted attention for his liberal position in theology. His view on the role of language and communication is central in several books and articles he has published as leader of the Church of Sweden. One of his main theses is the fact that meaning is created in the encounter between text and reader. He often reiterates: God is relation. This non-traditional dynamic stance has a broad impact not only on theology.

The study has shown that retailers in the mid-price segment differentiate their brand through developing a strong company identity around the brand. The personality involves store atmosphere, merchandise and advertising. Larger companies have chosen to lay the responsibility on management level, which facilitates on store level. By controlling the strategies on a central level the company can make sure that the stores are steered in the direction that the company wants them to be steered in, and also that they follow the positioning-concept. The company can also devote its efforts to working with its core value, which is service.

We live in a society where the technology has an enormous role in our lives. The average age of using digital tools among Swedish people is down to a very young age. In the recent period of time there has been much debate about tablets and their use in preschools. The aim of this study is to examine the preschool teachers experiences and perceptions of tablet use and how the implementation of the tablets benefits the school activities. What is central to this research is not how kids use the tablet, but how educators are using the tablet device as supplement for children?s development.

Denna studie rör debatten som kulminerade efter publicerandet av romanen Myggor och tigrar, av Maja Lundgren. Studiens fokus ligger i att finna debattens essens, utifrån tidningsartiklar och artikelförfattares positionering gentemot romanen och debattens huvudfrågor, detta är vidare undersökningens huvudsakliga syfte. Huruvida genus har betydelse för debattens utgång och om artikelförfattarnas förhållningssätt påverkas är en central fråga..