This thesis aims to explain the emergence of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, and its institutional shaping, by using elements of Neofunctionalism and Liberal Intergovernmentalism.Using Neofunctionalism, the Common Foreign and Security Policy can be explained both as a side-effect of Europe's economic integration, and as a way to maintain the former and the European Union's position as an economic superpower. The institutional shaping is a result of lack of convergence between important national interests. Therefore it rests on a firm intergovernmental base, with rigorously limited use of supranational decision-making.For Liberal Intergovernmentalism, geopolitics and ideology, and to a certain level log-rolling, have played important roles. The reunification of Germany convinced France to form an alliance between the two countries. France, determined to achieve an economic and monetary union, thus offered Germany a political union, including a Common Foreign and Security Policy on intergovernmental terms.

Att flera datorer används för att gemensamt lösa problem är inte någonting nytt. Det finns många distribuerade system i bruk och många olika lösningar för hur dessa ska kommunicera med varandra. Vissa använder sig av meddelande-orienterade lager för kommunikation vilket det finns väldigt många implementationer av. RabbitMQ är ett exempel där att kommunikation går genom en (eller ett kluster av) central nod och kommunicerar med hjälp av protokollet Advanced Message Queue Protocol, AMQP. I en helt annan kategori finns ZeroMQ som inte definierar någon central nod för all kommunikation att passera utan peer to peer är istället möjlig vilket innebär snabbare responstider men försvårar hur olika klienter hittar till varandra.Det bloggindexerande företaget Twingly kör idag med ett distribuerat system som använder flera olika kösystem för att koordinera ut arbete till de olika datorerna.

Denna uppsats är en fallstudie av ett EU-projekt. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och förklara projektets faser och vad som fordrades för att projektet skulle bli framgångsrikt. Clean Urban Transport Europé-projektet (CUTE) var ett utvecklingsprojekt inom EU som drevs i nio städer, Stockholm var en utav dessa. Projektet gick ut på att testköra vätgasbussar med bränsleceller. Undersökningen avgränsades till delprojektet i Stockholm som av aktörerna ansetts som ett framgångsrikt projekt.

The communication of self-service within the ICA-sphere, 1945-1960, points tothe central role of communication in technological change. The study coversthe communication from ICAAB, ICA-Förbundet, AB Köpmannatjänst, threepurchasing centres (Hakon, Essve and Eol) and their respective councils oftrustees. The councils communicated their reservations early on, while theother actors spread knowledge (both economic and practical) of the innovation tothe retailers, and some also to the consumers. The communication of thepurchasing centres and Köpmannatjänst gave greater opportunity for learning,due to higher levels of interaction..

The study has shown that retailers in the mid-price segment differentiate their brand through developing a strong company identity around the brand. The personality involves store atmosphere, merchandise and advertising. Larger companies have chosen to lay the responsibility on management level, which facilitates on store level. By controlling the strategies on a central level the company can make sure that the stores are steered in the direction that the company wants them to be steered in, and also that they follow the positioning-concept. The company can also devote its efforts to working with its core value, which is service.

The study has shown that retailers in the mid-price segment differentiate their brand through developing a strong company identity around the brand. The personality involves store atmosphere, merchandise and advertising. Larger companies have chosen to lay the responsibility on management level, which facilitates on store level. By controlling the strategies on a central level the company can make sure that the stores are steered in the direction that the company wants them to be steered in, and also that they follow the positioning-concept. The company can also devote its efforts to working with its core value, which is service.

Denna uppsats behandlar Paulus syn pa? lagen vilket a?r ett mycket omdebatterat omra?de inom paulusforskningen. Fra?gan om Paulus lagsyn a?r sa? central fo?r den o?vergripande paulustolkingen att alla som vill fo?rsta? Paulus och hans texter ma?ste bilda sig en uppfattning om detta. Det har skrivits ma?nga hyllmeter och diskussionen verkar la?ngt ifra?n avslutad.

AbstractThis bachelor thesis was performed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm on behalf of the Land Survey Authority. The thesis is about fish conservation and division of fishing water at official duty. It is the Land Survey Authority that examines division of fisheries, but before a case can be implemented, certain requirements must be achieved such as FBL 3:8, which prevent divisions that are deleterious for fish conservation. The purpose of this thesis is: to obtain a clearer view how FBL 3:8 should be applied in practice, how the application differs between the offices in central Sweden, and how fish care is regulated at both international and national levels.At an international level, in EU the commercial fishery is regulated through the common fisheries policy (CFP). The fisheries policy consists of a reform that will last for 10 years.

Romanies have long lived outside the fabric of society and have long been exposed to discrimination in Sweden as well as the rest of Europe. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the experiences of young Finnish romanies in their everyday lives as well as their perceptions of living as a minority group in Stockholm today. Previous scientific researchers have often concentrated their studies on the romanies as a group, so we, the authors have chosen to concentrate our research on the individual?s own experiences. We, the authors have chosen to use a qualitative approach, to give us the opportunity through using open ended interview techniques to comprehend and interpret the individuals own accounts.

In this essay I want to investigate how the Viking aristocratic warrior elite in Scandinavia used religious mythology for the construction of their identity. The essay also takes up the concept of honor, which was important for the warriors. Honor was central to all people during Viking age and for the warriors it was absolute. In the religious myths, the aristocratic warriors justify their position in society and legitimate their acts of war. Religion continues to have importance to the warrior elite even after the arrival of Christianity.

In recent years it has become more and more evident that man has contributed to much of the climate changes that have taken place during the last century. A major challenge today is to reduce emissions and energy usage at the same time as the global population is growing. To contribute to a better environment, Stockholms Stad has set at target of becoming fossil fuel free by the year of 2050. The construction of new districts is done with this goal in mind; energy efficiency and renewable energy sources are examples of methods to achieve this.Solar energy is considered to be a sustainable energy source and the most common techniques to harvest solar energy in Sweden are solar cells and solar collectors which produce electricity and heat respectively. This report aims to investigate whether an investment in any of these systems would prove to be economically beneficial at Kvarnholmen, a district under construction in eastern Nacka, Stockholm.Since the finished blueprints only cover a small portion of Kvarnholmen, the report examines the possibilities for a house where construction has already begun, Nya Kvarnen.

Idag är det inte många textilföretag som har möjlighet att ha strumpproduktion i ett land som Sverige på grund av lönsamhetsskäl. Det är billigare att producera i låglöneländer i Europa eller Asien, men det tär istället på våra naturresurser och vår miljö att transportera produkter fram och tillbaka. På grund av de höjda lönerna i Kina och valutakursen för euron som höjts drastiskt i Europa har Sverige dock kommit till ett läge då det blir ekonomiskt lönsamt att flytta tillbaka en del av produktionen till Sverige. Dessutom ökar trenden med ekologiska och närproducerade varor, vilket ökar efterfrågan på svensktillverkade produkter. Studien syftar till att ge privatpersoner och företag ett underlag till att undersöka sina möjligheter för produktion av strumpor på den svenska marknaden.Utvecklingen av strumpproduktionen i Sverige pågår hela tiden och företagen uppdaterar sina maskinparker och utbildar sina anställda, vilket leder till en utveckling av marknaden.

Camelids, especially alpacas, have increased in popularity during the last decade, with the result that they are more frequently encountered by field practicing veterinarians and pathologists. Knowledge regarding their health care and their diseases under Swedish conditions is, however, limited. This became clear in a postal survey among Swedish alpaca owners conducted in 2008. To improve knowledge about camelids in Sweden, this study has examined 107 necropsies, including 93 alpacas and 14 camels, conducted at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) in Uppsala and at Eurofins in Kristianstad and Skara during the period 2001-2013. The study has shown that camelids in Sweden suffer from diseases similar to those previously reported in other countries in Europe and North America.

Vårt examensarbete är ett arbete vi gjort åt Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götaland och syftar till att kartlägga befintlig och planerad vindkraft i länets 49 kommuner. Västra Götaland är det län som har den största ökningen av antal verk i landet. Syftet med denna rapport är att ge länsstyrelsen i Västra Götaland en bättre översikt av vindkraftsläget i länet. Energimyndigheten gör en liknande kartläggning av hela Sverige och vi har fått i uppgift att förmedla den information vi samlat in även till dem. I och med att energimyndigheten föreslagit regeringen nytt planeringsmål att öka vindkraftsproduktionen från idag 1,99 TWh till 30 TWh år 2020 ger man tydliga riktlinjer på hur man ska satsa på vindkraften i framtiden.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the institutional design of Participatory Budgeting (PB) in Sweden and how the design may contribute to realize central democratic goods. The study records the different PB experiences in Sweden and focuses on one particular case, which is the only case that successfully qualifies as a genuine PB-process according to international standards and definitions. To examine this, the following questions are asked: which municipalities in Sweden have implemented Participatory Budgeting? How can the institutional design of Participatory Budgeting be described and to what extent does it enable the realization of central democratic goods? To what extent does the institutional design enable the realization of the democratic goods inclusion, popular control, considered judgment and transparency? To what extent does the institutional design enable the realization of the institutional goods of efficiency and transferability?The study is based on an institutional theory of democracy. The method used is a mixed method ideal type analysis that combines document analysis, surveys and interviews.