Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a respiratory disorder that most commonly affects young horses performing at a high level. The clinical signs are often mild but the disorder can cause a marked decrease in performance to a point where the horse has to be taken of training and competing. The aetiology underlying IAD is not yet fully understood. One current theory is that a type I-hypersensitivity reaction due to allergens in the environment is the cause in some horses. The most reliable diagnostic method is a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) since it reflects the inflammatory status in the most distal parts of the lungs, which are affected in IAD.

I detta arbete undersöks vilken grad av inomartskonkurrens som ger upphov till ett observerat utbredningsmönster av maskrosor (Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia). Maskrosor har både fröspridning och vegetativ förökning. Studien hypotiserar att utbredningen kan beskrivas utifrån enkla regler för spridning och konkurrens. Dessa används i simuleringar med en binär Cellulär automat där utveckling sker i deterministiska tidssteg.

The housing sector uses 40 % of the energy in Sweden and half of the electricity usage. Theuse of energy is the main reason to the increasing rate of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.This is the main motive but also a wish of higher safety, that is a higher rate of selfsufficientenergy production in Sweden, we want to decrease the need of using fossil fuel. Now whenthe energy price rise, the interest in energy issues increase and more people discuss thepossibility of reducing the usage of fossil fuel. A change to renewable energy such as sun,wind and water is the only solution where we can get a sustainable development.One way to contribute to a better use of energy is to build in the principle of passive house.The house is being built with a thick and tight insulation. If you use a heat-exchanger withhigh degree of efficiency and a final heating battery on the ventilation system, the heat fromlamps, devices and the ones living in the house should be enough to fulfil the criteria ofliving.

Canine parvovirus is associated with two disorders: enteritis, which is common, and myocarditis, which is rare. Prominent clinical signs of parvovirus enteritis are vomiting, diarrhea and rapid dehydration. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is very contagious. When CPV-2 first emerged it had high rates of mortality, but later studies have shown that most infections are self-limiting and do not require veterinary care. Mortality rates vary greatly, and therefore it is important to determine risk factors for developing severe canine parvovirus enteritis.

Research in solar energy is taking big steps in both solar heating and solar electricity. It´s not only the technologies alone, but also the combination of both solar electricity and solar heating which is what is called a solar hybrid. The idea of a solar hybrid is that a solar Cells efficiency decrease with increased temperature and can with help from a solar collector be cooled and the heat can be utilized. This thesis report compares heat production and electricity production with respect of, in first hand, a solar hybrids geometry in the cooler. The theory chapter describes solar heating and how different solar Cell technologies work and their environmental impact at the production and how compatible these technologies are for the solar hybrid.

Sammanfattning Titel Förutsättningar för Kunsskapsspridning- en fallstudie av affärsenheten Media & Kommunikation inom Cell Network Författare Jacob Almstedt, Magnus Nilsson & Anja Trönnberg Handledare Lars Bengtsson & Jan-Inge Lind Seminarium Kandidatseminarium i Tillväxtföretag ? ?hur gick det & hur kan det gå?? Syfte Syftet med denna uppsats är: 1. Att identifiera för fallföretagen relevanta förutsättningar för intern kunskapsspridning och utifrån dessa utveckla en situationsanpassad analysmodell. 2. Att analysera fallföretagen utifrån analysmodellen.

Erythropoiesis is a complex and carefully controlled process which is mainly regulated by erythropoietin. Using flow cytometry Cells in a blood sample can be analyzed one by one. ADVIA 2120 using flow cytometry for analysis of red blood Cells (RBC) and reticulocytes. Red blood Cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of the RBC method. RDW indicates size variation on erythrocytes and is measured as a percentage of the mean Cell volume (MCV). By measuring the RDW anemia can be divided into makrocytic, microcytic or normocytic. Reticulocytes refract light more strongly than red blood Cells because they contain some Cellular debris. The number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood reflects erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. The purpose of this project was that by approved methods to establish reference ranges for the parameters, RDW and reticulocyte counts.The individuals who participated in the study, n=124, were considered healthy and had varying ethnicity. Reference subjects had not donated blood the last six months and participation in the study was voluntary.The statistic evaluation includes examination of distribution, and reference ranges for both men and women were established using the 2.5:t and 97.5:t percentiles. The calculated reference interval for RDW was between 12.0 ? 14.3% and the calculated reference interval for reticulocytes was between 38.0 ? 112.8 x109 Cells/L. The results showed a significant difference between males and females for the parameter reticulocytes was seen. The difference indicates that different reference ranges should be established for men and women (p<0,0001). No significant difference between males and females were seen for RDW (p=0,74) indicating that the same reference ranges can be used for both men and women. .

Background: Chemotherapy and radiation resistance are major causes of failure in cancer treatment. The response to treatment in cancer Cells depends on several mechanisms and pathways such as Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription JAK/STAT pathway. STAT1 was the first described transcription factor in the STAT family. STAT1 is activated by stimulation of signaling proteins such as type II interferon (IFN- ?) and the activated STAT1 translocates from cytoplasm to nucleus.

A possible treatment for patients with lymphoma and myeloma is stem Cell transplantation (SCT). SCT is preceded with cytostatic treatment. There are several side effects related to this treatment, for example fatigue, nausea, constipation/diarrhoea, pain, mucositis and loss of appetite. Aim: Investigate which side effects related to the treatment where most troubling after SCT and if nurse assessment and patient assessment differ. Methods: A quantitative empirical study with repeated measuring.

The most common method for identifying merchandise in the commerce is by barcodes. Symbian OS is an advanced operating system aimed at Cell phones and the most commonly used in smart phones. Opportunities to a full range of new services are given through barcode recognition in a Symbian OS based device. Therefore the purpose of this degree project was to create an application which would contribute to a future solution aimed at shopping where the Cell phone constitutes a reader of items? identification numbers.

Idag är forskningen kring barnfrihet till skillnad från barnlöshet begränsad och beskrivningar kring upplevelser av fenomenet barnfrihet beskrivs sällan. Vi kan dock hitta litteratur som beskriver en komplexitet i valet av att som kvinna välja barnfrihet, vilket vi i denna studie närmare beskriver utifrån en kvinnas upplevelser samt erfarenheter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en kvinnas upplevelser kring valet av att vara barnfri. Detta syfte har vi kunnat nå genom att göra en fenomenologisk fallstudie där vi genom två intervjutillfällen med en kvinna kunnat få en djupgående berättelse om hennes upplevelser samt erfarenheter av att vara barnfri. Hon har under en lång tid varit säker på att hon inte vill ha barn och att det inte finns en Cell i hennes kropp som vill det.

Cyanobacteria belong to the oldest organisms of our planet. They use photosynthesis to produce ATP and gain biomass from carbon dioxide. The cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme is a filamentous bacterium that consists of two different types of Cells, vegetative Cells and heterocysts. The type of Cell it differentiates into depends on the media they grow in. In an ammonium-rich medium, the N.punctiforme consists of vegetative Cells that differentiate into heterocysts when in the medium is changed to a low-concentration ammonium medium.

Breast cancer is the most common tumor disease among women in Sweden. About 7000persons, having a median age of 65, are diagnosed each year with this disease. Withmammography screening, breast cancer can be detected in an early stage which improves theoverall survival (OS). 20-30 % of the breast cancer tumors are overexpressing humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is a protein that stimulates Cell proliferation.Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2-proteinand prevent the signals for Cell proliferation.Trastuzumab has earlier been used for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In the year of 2007trastuzumab was approved for adjuvant treatment of patients who has been medicated withsurgery and/or radiation.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab inHER2-positive breast cancer patients.

Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cows. Mastitis can be painful for the dairy cow and causes economical losses for the farmer. These losses are due to decreased milk production, more working hours for the farmer, treatment costs and possible costs due to culling of the cow. The udder inflammation, mastitis, is often caused by bacteria infection. One of the most common bacteria found to cause mastitis in Sweden is Staphylococcus aureus (S.

AbstractBackground: Pain is usually common patients who undergo high-dose treatment in combination with HSCT. Pain is usually associated with side effects as for example mucositis. The purpose of this study was to examine patients? experiences of pain in relation to stemCellstransplantation. The purpose was also to examine how patients experience that they have been treated by the personnel regarding their pain, and also if the pain relief correspond to the patients expectations.Method: The study is a descriptive, longitudinal study.