A clean and affordable energy source for cooking is deficient in developing countries. People rely on fuels that contribute to environmental, social and health problems.Biogas is an alternative energy source and an increased investment in small-scale biogas production can in several developing countries be found. Several projects have started to use the technology in developing countries because of the benefits with biogas. Some cases in the establishment of biogas plants have succeeded and some have not. The study is a literature review supplemented by two field studies.

Självmedkänsla ett relativt nytt begrepp och anses vara en viktig faktor för psykisk hälsa ochför ett hälsosamt beteende och kan tänkas utgöra ett skydd mot empatitrötthet och utbrändhet.Människor i vård- och omsorgsyrken anses utsatta och man talar mycket om vikten att vårdasig själv. Självmedkänsla är en förmåga man kan ?öva upp? vilket gör det ytterligare intressant.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka självmedkänsla hos vårdpersonal inom psykiatrisköppenvård och att få mer kunskap om hur behandlare hanterar misslyckanden ochsvårigheter. Studien har haft både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ ansats. En enkät (42 svarande)baserad på en översättning av Self-compassion Scale, som mäter självmedkänsla ochtre intervjuer har bearbetats.

Smärta förekommer inom all sjukvård och är ett komplext problem, speciellt inom intensiv- och postoperativ vård då patienten ofta inte själv kan beskriva sin smärta eftersom patienten ofta är medvetslös eller är sederad. För att bedöma smärta finns olika verktyg, men för de som inte själv kan beskriva sin smärta är detta en svårighet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka reliabilitet och validitet på smärtbedömningsformulär inom intensiv- och postoperativ vård. Metoden vi använde oss av var en kvantitativ litteraturstudie för att besvara vårt syfte. Databaser som använts är CINAHL, PubMed och SweMed+, med sökorden nurse*, pain scale, pain assessment, pain measurement, questionnaire, postoperative och intenisive care.

This study aimed to investigate whether there was a correlation between an individual?s selfesteem and search for confirmation on social media. The study also sought to answer whether there were differences in self-esteem and search for confirmation from a gender perspective. In this study social media was defined as Instagram. The choice was founded on the basis that Instagram in the current situation is one of the world's largest social media that allows users to share their everydaylife in pictures, which are commented and ?liked? by other users.

A clean and affordable energy source for cooking is deficient in developing countries. People rely on fuels that contribute to environmental, social and health problems.Biogas is an alternative energy source and an increased investment in small-scale biogas production can in several developing countries be found. Several projects have started to use the technology in developing countries because of the benefits with biogas. Some cases in the establishment of biogas plants have succeeded and some have not. The study is a literature review supplemented by two field studies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate different relations between the damages of falls and background variables as well as the relation between the falls and the weather condition to later be able to use this report to expand the knowledge among workers at VTI about the pedestrian fall injuries. All of the fall injuries in the data that this study is based on have occurred in Sweden during the time period between January 2003 and December 2011.To be able to answer the questions that this report is based on several statistical methods are used. The statistical methods that have been used during the making of this report are multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression, correlation analysis, association analysis and descriptive statistics as well as visual analysis.The results of the study show that women around menopause age have a tendency to get a big increase in the amount of injuries compared to men of the same age. The study also suggests that men on average tend to have a lower level of injury compared to women.Age also seems to affect both the amount of injuries and the level of injury negatively. The study suggests that the most likely reason for this is both that the intake of ?Fall Risk Increasing Medicine?, which is medicine that increases the drowsiness, is higher among older individuals as well as lower estrogen levels among older women and lower amount of testosterone among older men, which causes a loss of bone density in both sexes.The weather seems to have a strong effect on how many injuries occur but also a noticeable effect on the scale of the injury.

Rwanda is one of the poorest countries in the world and about 70-80 % of the population lives in rural areas. The land is strongly affected by land erosion which makes it difficult for the agriculture and food production. Agroforestry is a system where tree plantation is combined with livestock- and crop production. The system provides soil fertilization and binds the soil together. Some of the trees used in agroforestry systems are also used as fodder.

Syftet med denna studie var att testa och beskriva aspekter av reliabilitet och validitet av två versioner av Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) på svenska, FSS 1 och FSS 2, vid mätning av trötthet hos patienter med systemisk lupus erythematosus (SLE). Metod: Två grupper av patienter med stabil SLE, låg sjukdomsaktivitet och liten organskada inkluderades. Diskriminant validitet för FSS 1 testades på 32 kvinnor med SLE och 35 friska kvinnor. Följande test av FSS 1 och FSS 2 gjordes på 23 patienter med SLE: Tak- och golveffekter, intern konsistens, stabilitet över tid (test-retest) samt innehållsvaliditet uttryckt som faktoranalys och innehållsvaliditet sett ur patienternas perspektiv vad gäller FSS 2. Resultat: FSS 1 kunde signifikant särskilja kvinnor med SLE från friska kvinnor.

There are several methods avaliable to find areas of interest, but most fail at detecting such areas in cluttered scenes. In this paper two methods will be presented and tested in a qualitative perspective. The first is the darg operator, which is used to detect three dimensional convex or concave objects by calculating the derivative of the argument of the gradient in one direction of four rotated versions. The four versions are thereafter added together in their original orientation. A multi scale version is recommended to avoid the problem that the standard deviation of the Gaussians, combined with the derivatives, controls the scale of the object, which is detected.

This essay describes and compares the extensive reindeer management to the more intensive, but grazing based, sheep management system in Sweden. Differences and similarities between the two production systems will be investigated by elucidating the economy, land use and possibilities to influence production and economy through breeding, feeding and product development. The reindeer management area covers the northern part of Sweden whilst the sheep management is dispersed over the country. Both reindeer and sheep are ruminants and have relatively high demands on the quality and digestibility of the feed however reindeers graze on mountain-and forest lands whilst sheep often graze inaccessible areas or cultivated grasslands. Selection intensity is generally lower in the reindeer management compared to the intensity in sheep breeding.

Syftet med aktuell studie har varit att på svenska akademifotbollsspelare undersöka (1) självbestämmande motivations samt passions inverkan på upplevd hälsa och hur dessa variabler är relaterade till varandra, (2) samt skillnad i upplevd hälsa mellan högt harmoniskt passionerade spelare och spelare med hög tvångsmässig passion. I studien deltog 462 akademifotbollsspelare hemmahörande i Svenska fotbollsakademier. Deltagarnas ålder varierade mellan 12-16 år (M=14.38, Sd=1.06). I studien användes instrumenten Self-Determination Scale (SDS), The Passion Scale samt General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Korrelationstester i rådande studie visade på att självbestämmande motivation har ett positivt samband med både tvångsmässig och harmonisk passion, samt att tvångsmässig passion har ett negativt samband med hälsa.

A clean and affordable energy source for cooking is deficient in developing countries. People rely on fuels that contribute to environmental, social and health problems.Biogas is an alternative energy source and an increased investment in small-scale biogas production can in several developing countries be found. Several projects have started to use the technology in developing countries because of the benefits with biogas. Some cases in the establishment of biogas plants have succeeded and some have not. The study is a literature review supplemented by two field studies.

Testosteron/ anabola steroider är kroppens kraftigaste uppbyggande hormon. Som läkemedel utnyttjas dessa effekter i mycket liten utsträckning idag. Syftet med studien var att kritiskt granska den vetenskapliga litteraturen om användningen av testosteron/ anabola steroiders effekter vid rehabilitering av sjukdomstillstånd/ skada. En sytematisk översikt av litteraturen genomfördes. 18 RCT-studier uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna och granskades kritiskt enligt PEDro-scale.

This essay is a study that contributes to the larger research question ?Why do farms shut down?? The subject was chosen because it is a relevant problem that needs to be studied more. This study's boundary is to investigate the reasons for decisions leading to the farms at the Torstuna community, Fjärdhundra, changes in any activity scale or the outlook of the entire farm. When a decision is made, there are usually several reasons behind it and it is these reasons which this essay is aiming to study. The question "What are the reasons for the elderly to live on the farm even though the farm is not cultivated by them?" is also covered in the study.

Sammanfattning Syftet var att studera om personers attributioner skiljer sig åt mellan positiva och negativa prestationer. Dessutom undersöktes kön- och åldersaspekter, samt skillnader mellan icke-idrottare, motionärer, individuella och lagidrottare gällande attributionsstil och situationsspecifikt självförtroende. Vidare syftade arbetet till att studera samband mellan attributionsdimensionerna och situationsspecifikt självförtroende. Urvalet bestod av 115 försökspersoner i åldern 16 till 67 år. För att mäta attributioner användes Causal Dimension Scale ? II (CDS-II; McAuley, Duncan, & Russell, 1992) och för att mäta situationspsecifikt självförtroende användes General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995, ref.