Akutmottagningar idag får ofta in barn som behöver opereras akut. Personalen på akutmottagningen ställs då inför en situation där de inte hinner informera och förbereda barnet på vad som ska ske. Detta kan skapa en otillräcklighetskänsla hos anestesisjuksköterskorna på operation som därmed får ta hand om ett barn som inte är förberett på vad som kommer att hända. Att skapa förtroende hos barnet är en process som inte kan skyndas på och kräver mycket tid ända från första mötet med barnet. Denna studie vill belysa vad anestesisjuksköterskorna baserar sina val och strategier på i detta möte.

The aim with our study was to understand former addict´s experience of social networks from the Lewi Pethrus foundation (LP foundation) aftercare. The method we have used is qualitative semi-structured interviews. We have interviewed eight persons, four men and four women. They have all been in contact with the LP foundation and are today drug free. The result of the study has shown that the fellowship, in the different social networks have been very important to maintain a drug free life.

Vår åldrande befolkning har ett ökande behov av vårdande för att upprätthålla sitt välbefinnande. Kanske kan djur användas som en del av vårdandet för att främja boendes välbefinnande inom äldrevården. Bakgrund: Historiskt har djur oftast använts inom psykiatrin och då framförallt i vården av barn. Under 1990-talet började det bli vanligt att införa sällskapsdjur inom äldrevården och mycket forskning publicerades, som pekade på hälsofrämjande effekter av djurassisterat vårdande. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete var att beskriva den inverkan djurassisterat vårdande kan ha på boendes välbefinnande inom äldrevården.

Syfte: Är att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplevelser att vårda barn med cancer.Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie som baserats på elva vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats och en med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed.  Huvudresultat: Att tillgodose barnet och föräldrarnas behov, sjuksköterskans upplevelse av den egna förmågan att vårda barn med cancer, sjuksköterskans relation till barnet samt hur sjuksköterskan upplever att vårda barnet i det palliativa skedet var fyra teman som identifierades. Några viktiga aspekter som framkom var att barnet och föräldrarna skulle involveras i barnet omvårdnad, sjuksköterskan tankar kring sitt agerande, att sjuksköterskan inger hopp till barnet och att sjuksköterskan kan känna hjälplöshet och maktlöshet när barnet befinner sig i det palliativa skedet.Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan som möter barn med cancer har ett psykiskt och känslomässigt påfrestande arbete. Varje dag utsätts sjuksköterskan för olika utmaningar i mötet av barnen, sjuksköterskan har som roll att försöka inkluderade både föräldrarna och barnet i sjukdoms förlopp.

Background: Contracting asexually transmitted disease is strongly associated with stigmaand shame. Stigma associated with these diseases has a significant impact on self-image andpropensityto seek care. Despitehigh incidencethere is a generallack of awareness about therisks and theeffectsthatthese diseases have on both mental and physical health. Health carepersonnel are experiencing difficulties to meet and care for these patients. Aim: The aim ofthis studyisto describe patients'experiences of health care after they were diagnosed with asexually transmitted disease.

Thiswork is about the parents ' perception of their children's schooling and schoolsituation. It also addresses the important and fundamental conditions when itcomes to parenting and caring of children, which is an essential andcontributory basis for children's school situation. The work also deals withthe importance of good cooperation between school and home for the children tocome to the school grounds and with the desire to learn and develop. The aim ofthis work is that through a survey get a picture of how parents feel abouttheir child's school situation. But also look at how important interplaybetween school, parents and children to the school situation to be good.

Introduction: Nowadays, it is a considerable fact that parents stay with their hospitalized child, however the role played by parents may not always be obvious. For many parents, this is a difficult experience, which may cause stress among parents who want to be supportive for their child. Parents and children have a close bond and influence each other emotionally; therefore it is of great importance that parent?s experiences of hospitalization should be noted. The pediatric nurse may apply this experience to give the best possible care for the child and the family.

Deep litter is a system for animals kept in separate stalls, loafing and bedding in wind shelters. The litter can consist of different bedding, like straw and peat. The system is allowed to build over and to ensure optimal proportions it is necessary to add new straw regularly and to have good conditions. Important conditions are aerobic state, humidity, amount of organic substance and acceptable temperatures in the litter. The micro organisms are depending on temperature for their living conditions and to get the bottom layer in the litter to start burning.

During the 90s most companies organized and adopted routines for their environmental work. This work included for example eco-efficiency improvements and the introduction of environmental managing systems. At the UN conference in Rio in 1992 the concept Sustainable development was defined, but it was not until about the year of 2000 that companies in Sweden shifted their work from environmental management to sustainable management. A consequence of this is that they now have to focus on environmental aspect in conjunction with social and economic aspects.The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of what a change of focus to sustainable development means for companies. Has the environmental work suffered in the competition with social/economical aspects under the new sustainable focus? How will the new way of working affect the balance between environmental and social aspects? Changes were studied in five companies by analysing their annual-, environmental- and sustainability reports and through interviews of sustainable managers.

The network with its virtual business structure challenge the established vertical business structure. Part of the network theory that has developed focuses on relationships that forms B2Bnetworks. One way to create a B2B-network is for independent businesses to form a organization promoting co-operation. For co-operation to be successful it requires well thought-out actions, but a lack of how these actions are implemented have been noticed. This study explores how encouragement of co-operation can be done practically.

Background: HIV is a worldwide spread disease with many deaths. People with the disease have previously been met with attitudes, stigma and discrimination in various contexts. A caring relationship should be built on empathy, respect and communication, where the patient is not seen as their illness, but as a person. Today, there are laws that are there to protect the patient, however, there is a lack of knowledge about what is current. Health care workers knowledge in the 2000s has improved, but there is still a lack of knowledge.Aim: To illustrate how patients with HIV experience health care.Method: The literature review was conducted with twelve scientific articles of which two articles were quantitative and the other qualitative.Results: The results revealed three main themes; Different expressions of fear, Perceived negative attitudes and stigmatization, as well as The wish to be lovingly treated in health care.

Today many companies are using advertising agencies in marketing. That makes the advertising agencies responsible for delivering their clients messages and values to the final customer. Therefore it is very important that communication between an advertising agency and their client works in a way that they have similar marketing goals, despite all the factors that may distract this communication.The object of this essay is to study communication between advertising agencies and their clients, especially when it comes to setting up goals and that way highlight the problems that may occur and to make both the advertising agencies and their clients understand the importance of successful communication.We have done our research by interviewing representatives from advertising agencies and clients to advertising agencies. The interviews have given us some understanding on the subject which we have based our theories on, so we have used an inductive and hermeneutic approach to the subject.By modifying the theories we chose from the beginning and adapting them to the results of our research we have tried to show the advertising agencies and their clients the importance of effective and reliable communication between them. We also want to highlight the problems that may occur in the communication and give advice that hopefully can be used to improve the communication.The communication seems to work well and so does, according to our interviewees the co-operation overall.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt har dålig prognos och drabbar ett stort antal människor i Sverige. De som drabbas upplever många problematiska symtom och medicineringen har många biverkningar som kan vara svåra att leva med. Obehagliga känslor kan förvärra symtom hos personer med hjärtsvikt. Sjuksköteskan bör kunna identifiera känslor och förstå varför dessa uppstår hos personer med hjärtsvikt för att bättre kunna vårda dessa. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur personer som lever med hjärtsvikt beskriver sina känslor.

This study examines whether the ownership structure of Swedish firms contributes to explain the variations in executive pay. A regression analysis was performed on 102 companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. The analysis suggests a negative relationship between ownership structure and executive pay after taking company profitability and size into account. The result is in line with previous studies and the agency theory. This indicates that large shareholders have a stronger position in Swedish companies or that large shareholders monitor the management to a larger extent, rather than providing incentives.

The purpose of this Master?s thesis is to examine how the gender system is described in chick lit. The analysis is based upon seven chick lit novels. The primary theoretical point of departure is Yvonne Hirdman?s theory about the gender system, the hierarchical order and the separation of the sexes.