The major difference between venture Capital-firms and other financiers is that their business idea is not only providing Capital but also knowledge in business development. The ownership structure of an venture Capital-firm can be private as well as public. The Swedish government is today one of the major actors in the Swedish venture Capital-industry. The purpose of this study is to shed light on how venture Capital-firms involve itself in its portfolio firm and if this contributes to an increased value of the portfolio firm. We also try to shed light on differences in how a public and a private venture Capital-firm gets involved in its portfolio firm and if there is any difference in how they can contribute to added value.We have chosen to interview two public and two private venture Capital-firms and one of their portfolio firms.

This study examines the equity cost of Capital between two periods distinguished by substantial differences in IPO activity. In light of the stemmed IPO flow to the Swedish stock exchange in 2012, this study regards the conjecture that the IPO count is related to the prevailing cost of equity Capital for certain periods. By application of the Residual Income Valuation model the cost of equity Capital is abstracted from sampled stock prices and compared at two points in time for which extreme highs and lows of IPO activity were observed. Using randomized samples from 1999 and 2012, significant differences between the estimated costs of Capital are established. The findings indicate that the equity cost of Capital, much as it may help influence, nevertheless plays a subordinated role in the going-public decision..

This study examines the equity cost of Capital between two periods distinguished by substantial differences in IPO activity. In light of the stemmed IPO flow to the Swedish stock exchange in 2012, this study regards the conjecture that the IPO count is related to the prevailing cost of equity Capital for certain periods. By application of the Residual Income Valuation model the cost of equity Capital is abstracted from sampled stock prices and compared at two points in time for which extreme highs and lows of IPO activity were observed. Using randomized samples from 1999 and 2012, significant differences between the estimated costs of Capital are established. The findings indicate that the equity cost of Capital, much as it may help influence, nevertheless plays a subordinated role in the going-public decision..

Does goodwill affect the cost of Capital? Goodwill is an asset which is characterized by much uncertainty regarding both what it is and how much it is really worth. Based on economic theory about information risk and principal-agent problems as well as theory regarding the cost of Capital we test for the hypothesis that debt and equity investors perceive goodwill as something risky and hence demand compensation for taking on this extra risk. The proxies used for the cost of Capital are cost of debt, beta and the EP-ratio. On a general level we find that increasing the level of goodwill seems to result in higher cost of Capital as represented by the three proxies.

This essay is a case-study of an ethnically homogeneous association, situated in an ethnically heterogeneous neighbourhood. The purpose is to examine the social Capital of the members in this particular association. The theory of social Capital claims that this form of association constitutes an example of bonding social Capital, and is running the risk of becoming excluding towards non-group members. However, several scientists suggest that the ethnically homogeneous associations can assist immigrants in their new home countries to become a part of society, hence promote a more bridging form of social Capital. This would be extra valuable in an ethnically heterogeneous context where the phenomenon of social Capital often has a hard time.

This thesis aims to describe how a fashion designer should balance art and commerce in order to succeed in the fashion industry. We aim to define the Swedish term KRÄDD, and sort out how a designer or CEO in the fashion business should relate to the term, as well as the balance between cultural and economic Capital. We present theories of the origins and fluctuations of fashion, as well as social studies on cultural Capital, and brand building. The study is made in a qualitative manner where the empirics consist of interviews with 13 respondents that have different positions in, and experience from the fashion industry, including designers, journalists, buyers, a CEO and a PR-professional. In our conclusion, we emphasize the need for a balance between cultural and economic Capital in order to succeed as a fashion designer.

During the past year it has been made possible to buy back a company?s outstanding stock. This is done in order to change the Capital structure towards a situation with less equity. A change in Capital structure means a change in the cost of Capital for a company and by that a change in the value for the stockholder. This Master Thesis studies the relation between Capital structure and business risk.

Starting in January 2007, Capital adequacy of internationally active banks will be regulated by the new Basel Capital Accord, International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards ? a revised framework, [Basel II]. The framework introduces for the first time minimum Capital requirements for operational risk and encourages market discipline of Capital adequacy by initiating requirements for public disclosure of quantitative and qualitative information on operational risk exposure. This thesis examines the nature, definition, management and public disclosure of operational risk in Scandinavian banks based on regulations and recommendations presented in Basel II. We find that the models currently available for addition of operational risk to the Capital requirement do not reflect actual operational risk exposure of banks.

This study examines the connection between social Capital and involvement within voluntary associations; involvement is defined either as being a member in an association or a member who has some kind of assignment in an association. The study also examines if there is a difference between two social economic groups regarding the attainment and transformation of social Capital through being involved in a voluntary association.Social Capital is defined as social trust and the willingness of collective action.The result of the research shows there is a slight connection between the involvement in voluntary associations and social Capital. It shows that people who are members of a voluntary association often have higher social Capital than those who are not members of any voluntary association at all. The study also shows that there is a difference in attainment of social Capital between those who have some kind of assignment in a voluntary association and general members.When studying social Capital and involvement in voluntary associations it is also of interest to take social class into the analysis, because the study shows that people with a lower education had increased social Capital when they were members in an association compared to the members with a higher education..

En uppsats om Venture Capital-företags exitprocess och de faktorer som påverkar under processens gång.

In 2007 the Swedish government appointed a commission of inquiry with the task to submit a proposal of reduction in the requirement of a minimum legal Capital for private limited liability companies. The commission of inquiry?s main proposal involved a reduction to SEK 50,000 compared to the prevailing SEK 100,000. Following a complementary proposal from the Justice Department suggesting a reduction to SEK 1, this paper aims at providing an understanding of the function and purpose of a minimum legal Capital and the consequences that follows from an abolition of the statutory Capital requirement. The thesis concludes that the legal Capital?s main purpose is that of a standard contract internalizing the shareholder?s risk in business.

Background: A company?s choice of Capital structure is influenced by the access to internal and external Capital but also by the opportunities and threats that the management perceives in the environment and the management?s attitude towards risk. How an individual perceives and interpret the environment depends on the cognitive structures, which are shaped by personality, background and earlier experiences. Accordingly cognitive structures can be expected to influence the choice of Capital structure. Purpose: Out of a cognitive perspective we intend to study the relationship between the way a company views it?s environment and what Capital structure it chooses to have, in order to contribute to an increased understanding about what lies behind a company?s Capital structure policy.

Purpose: The purpose is to present a greater understanding of the progression of innovation Capital in a technology transfer and biotech start-up context. The findings offer technology transfer professionals, entrepreneurs and academia an overall perception and mental framework of the technology transfer practice and the embracement of a promising invention, building upon its hidden value. Methodology: The thesis was conducted using a qualitative case study, executed with the help of interviews, in order to answer the research question: How is an embryo of innovation Capital continuously cultivated in a technology transfer and biomedical start-up process? Conclusions: A technology transfer entity provides the means to establish a platform where an entrepreneur can build its own human Capital, structural Capital, and relationship Capital. The forms of Capital interact and thus create value, herein considered as innovation Capital.

The working Capital describes the short-term financial position and focus on cash flow and the actual inflow and outflow of money in the company. Working Capital is part of the company's financing and consists of the company's current assets and current liabilities. There are resources that are used in the daily activity and can be optimized. The more effective they are in circulation, the higher value they create. The control of working Capital is called Working Capital Management and has its basis in the company?s Working Capital Policy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a group of teenage girls and their relation to clothes by using the theories about habitus and different types of Capital by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. We have used semiotics since we also wanted to know what clothes symbolized for our respondents. The questions were therefore:1. How is a group of teenage girls who go to school in Stockholm city influenced by their habitus and symbolical Capital in their attitude and relation to clothes?2.