The Swedish CFC rules imply a taxation of Swedish partners of foreign legal persons subject to low income tax, which is based on a fictitious distribution. Thus, tax is levied even if the dividend has not been paid to the shareholder. The aim of the Swedish CFC legislation, which was put into force in 1990, was to prevent tax evasion and to protect the Swedish tax base. The reason was that the foreign exchange control was abolished, which made investments in foreign countries possible for Swedish companies. A CFC legislation was considered necessary for Sweden in order not to lose tax revenues.The legislation was strengthened on January 1st 2004 as a consequence of the abolished taxation of capital income of commercial shares.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to examine attitudes and standpoints amongst librarians at the Swedish public library towards literary awards and awarded literature. The questions posed in the study are: What attitudes are expressed amongst these librarians towards the Nobel Prize in literature, the August Prize and literary awards and awarded literature in general? What significance do the Nobel Prize in literature, the August Prize and other literary awards have concerning purchase and display at these public libraries? How is awarded literature perceived and how do they talk about it concerning quality and are questions of quality significant? Qualitative interviews with seven librarians at four different public libraries have been done. Theories regarding J?rgen Habermas the bourgeois public sphere and Pierre Bourdieu?s terms habitus, field and capital have been used as to explain the library as a public sphere.

This thesis focuses on youth unemployment in Finspång, often referred as an industrial community. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on social constructionism and covers theoretical discourse analysis, intersectionality and social capital. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 7 unemployed individuals between the ages of 19-24 and an interview with an employee at the employment office in the community. The main subject in this thesis is the youngsters experience with unemployment, labour, the employment office, the impacts of social capital and the labour market in the community. The analysis focuses in how the respondents discuss their experienced problems with their unemployment.

Ett spelberoende kan påverka en person på olika plan men syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur relationen mellan ett spelberoende och ingången till kriminalitet ser ut. För att beskriva denna relation har fem kvalitativa intervjuer utförts med fem före detta spelberoende med kriminell bakgrund. Utifrån Bourdieus teori om habitus och fält samt normer och normalitet som en social konstruktion förklaras också en spelberoendes väg in i kriminalitet. Resultatet visar att personer med ett spelberoende ofta vistas i en miljö där kriminella handlingar inte ses som något avvikande och att det därför blir enklare att bryta mot samhällets normer. Utöver det framgår det att spelberoendet i vissa fall har försvagat informanternas band till samhällets institutioner vilket har lett till en normupplösning.

The role-playing game attracts a growing number of practisers. The aim of this master?s thesis is to examine role-playing literature as phenomenon in libraries through librarians´ attitudes. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with eight librarians: one personal interview with two librarians and six e-mail interviews with six librarians at different libraries. The paper starts with a definition of the term ?role-playing game?, its different categories and genres and a description of its background.

Ridsporten är Sveriges näst största ungdomssport endast fotbollen är större. En miljon svenskar kommer i kontakt med hästar på ett eller annat sätt och cirka 500 000 rider regelbundet för motion, rekreation eller tävling. 200 000 är medlem i någon av Svenska ridsportsförbundets 980 klubbar. Svenska ridsports förbundet har sett att det blir allt populärare att skaffa egen häst antingen är den uppstallade hemma eller så hyrs en box i ett stall. I ett stall vistas flera individer på en begränsad yta som de ska samsas om.

Social work has gone from being a primarily philanthropic issue to becoming an academic discipline at university level. To ensure its legitimacy social work must be founded on, and developed through scientific research and documented experience. The purpose of this essay is to review the various arguments on social work in order to evaluate their impact on education, which in turn affects students. In addition, it will demonstrate how different forms of knowledge are valued depending on the contexts. As a means of reaching this objective, the following questions are addressed: ?What are the requirements and recommendations on how the education of social work should be structured, and why are these requirements and recommendations important??, ?How has the education of social work been influenced by the perception of valuable knowledge?? and ?How does the education of social work affect students?? The collected material consists of various arguments concerning the development of social work and the education of social work's formation.

Att välja gymnasieskola med idrottsinriktning av Pierre Ståhl. Jag har gjort djupintervjuer med sex elever som läser på gymnasiet, gemensamt för dem är deras idrottsinriktning. Syftet är att undersöka och ta reda på vad för studiemotiv de intervjuade eleverna i undersökningen har till att välja ett gymnasieprogram med idrottsinriktning. Uppsatsen undersöknings del består av en kvalitativ intervju som ger svar på hur eleverna tänkt och resonerat inför gymnasievalet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten har varit Pierre Bourdieus centrala begrepp kapital, habitus och fält. Utöver detta har jag använt mig av Anders Lovéns avhandling kvalet inför valet samt Anna Sandells- Utbildningssegregation och självsortering.

The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how venture capitalists can use their network in order to reduce information asymmetries between themselves and the venture management team. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, consisting of open questions, have been used to receive gradate information in order to reach our explorative purpose. Our theoretical framework consists of relevant studies made on the dynamics of networks and the problems that can arise in the complex relationship between a principal and an agent. We have been interviewing two venture capital firms and therepresentatives from two business angel networks. We also made an additional interview with an influential financial actor in order to try to verify our conclusions Our conclusions are that an extensive network can be used by venture capitalists in order to; verify ventures? technologies, complement the competences in the venture management team, and arrange co-investments, resulting in reduced information asymmetries between themselves and the venture management team.

In recent years, awareness of the climate change has increased around the world. Environmental issues have been taking into consideration, both by individuals and companies. Therefore the demands for new environmental friendly technology have increased, also known as cleantech. To further establish and develop cleantech it requires capital. Venture capitalists have as well seen the potential.To increase the number of Venture capital investments in cleantech, it is important the investments generate good returns.

AbstractAccording to several researchers finance is scarce, scarcer for small businesses than for big enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises, SMEs, that want to start exporting and sales or manufacturing abroad need capital to get ready. Which capital structure and financial costs do they have, and which forms of finance do they actually use for that purpose. New american research by Mansi, Reeb (2002) has suggested, that there is a positive connection between leverage and a negative one between financial costs and internationalization, and that a non-linear model better describes this connection.This study has gathered data in two ways: Through a questionnaire from 37 SMEs and balance sheet figures from totally 166 manufacturing SMEs. In order to examine, whether the company was active on the international market, 200 SMEs in south Sweden were asked, if they exported to, produced or sold on any other market than their home market.

This study is a quantitative study designed to examine whether training in health issues may have contributed to the increase in head managers' psychological capital (PsyCap). Construction consists of the following components: self confidence, hope, optimism and resilience. A high PsyCap considered beneficial in organizational change and steer towards the positive development and helps individuals in stressful situations. The results show an increase of characteristics such as hope and optimism among managers (N = 15) who have undergone training in health issues compared with managers who have not undergone training. However, the tests show no significant difference in head managers' attitudes to health breaks, not the severity of granting health breaks in the groups as a result of training.

This paper describes and develops a trade off model of optimal capital structure by Bradley et al. (1984). The model is then tested to examine how changes in corporate tax rates affect the optimal capital structure of firms. Based on theoretical implications of the model, four hypotheses are derived stating that firms? optimal debt-to-value ratio is (1) negatively related to financial distress costs, (2) negatively related to non-debt tax shields, (3) negatively related to firm volatility and (4) positively related to the corporate tax rate.

Stadsmarknadsföring är ett begrepp som har blivit allt vanligare de senaste åren. Det skrivs mycket litteratur om ämnet och de flesta städer har idag utvecklat ett varumärke i syfte att försöka hävda sig i konkurrensen om turister, invånare och företag. I den här uppsatsen utvärderas Stockholms marknadsföring. Uppsatsen tar avstamp i litteraturstudier som har gjorts som beskriver hur marknadsföringen av en stad bör gå till generellt, för att senare kunna analysera hur Stockholm har valt att marknadsföra sig. Det råder en del missuppfattningar kring vissa av de begrepp som handlar om stadsmarknadsföring som jag kortfattat försöker reda ut.

Hösten 2010 infördes nya antagningsregler till högskolan, vilka påverkar den enskilda individens förutsättningar för att bli antagen till den önskade högskoleutbildningen. Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka sex gymnasieelever, som går sitt tredje år på sitt gymnasieprogram, och försöka få kännedom om dessa personers känslor och upplevelser av de nya antagningsreglerna. Genom vår studie ämnar vi även att undersöka om habitus, individens påverkan av uppväxtförhållanden och av familjen, påverkar människors förutsättningar för vidareutbildning. Vi ämnar även undersöka om handlingshorisonten, individens valmöjligheter, krymper eller växer för dessa sex ungdomar vilka går yrkesförberedande gymnasieprogram. Detta för att på så sätt kunna förstå hur individen resonerar om sina valmöjligheter kring studier och yrken.